八年级英语完形填空解题技巧

1 英语完形填空解题技巧英语完形填空解题技巧 一 完形填空的设计特点一 完形填空的设计特点 完形填空一般有如下几个特点 1 完形填空所选的文章比较多的是情节明了 层次分明 内容易懂的故事性或记叙性的文体 文中较少出现生词 这样有助于考生整体理解和思路 畅通 完形填空所选文章一般较之同一份试卷中的阅读理解题所选的文章 其难度要略低 一些 2 完形填空的选文篇幅一般在 170 220 单词之间 空缺处的密度一般是每 5 15 单词一空 3 以意义填空为主 要求填入的词主要有 语法结构所要求的功能词 如 连接词 连接代词 连接副词 关系代词 关系副词等 具有语法变化的普通词 如动 词的时态 语态 语气 名词的数 代词的格 形容词和副词的级等 固定搭配短语或 词组中的特定词 同义词 近义词等易混淆词 根据上 下文意思及结构必须填入 的确定词 可见 完形填空是一种综合性较强的题型 它的突出特点是起点高 容量大 同学们只有 具备了扎实的语言基本功 较好的阅读能力及归纳判断能力 才能适应这一题型 4 完形填空题的考查目的 考查同学们阅读理解能力 考查同学们语法知识 考查同学们综合运用英语知识的水平和实践能力 二 完形填空的考查点二 完形填空的考查点 完形填空 题是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型 重点考查词重点考查词 语搭配 词语辨析 逻辑推断 前后呼应等 有时兼顾一些讲英语国家的语言及生活习惯语搭配 词语辨析 逻辑推断 前后呼应等 有时兼顾一些讲英语国家的语言及生活习惯 等 等 词语搭配包括习惯用语 动词 形容词 副词 介词 名词等的相互搭配 词语辨析 包括近义词的辨析和易混词的辨析 逻辑推断包括根据上下文的信息判断和逻辑关系 如 转折 递进 因果 条件 让步等关系 也包括根据上下文内容 选出一个意思与内容相 符合的词或词语 前后呼应是指有些句子如果孤立地理解 可能有多个选择 并且意思都 能成立 但把前后文结合或联系起来理解 就只能有一个选择 三 完形填空题的解题步骤及技巧三 完形填空题的解题步骤及技巧 由于完形填空题的解题难度一般比单项填空和阅读理解要大 一般说来 做完形填空题时 可按下列步骤 1 浏览全文 理解大意 浏览全文 理解大意 在着手答题之前从头到尾把文章浏览一遍 以便能了解文章的大 概意思 使接下来的答题过程具有一定的针对性 2 照顾上下文 作出正确的逻辑及词意的判断 照顾上下文 作出正确的逻辑及词意的判断 在答题过程中 不要一遇到空白处就停下 来做题 有些空白处是需要通读全句甚至全文后才能作出正确的选择的 因此 在答题过 程中 要经常考虑上下文 并进行逻辑推断 3 先易后难 利用已选出的正确答案来推断未知的答案 先易后难 利用已选出的正确答案来推断未知的答案 一些题目一下子不能马上找到答 案 不妨先搁置一边 做上标记 待做完其他相对容易发现的答案的题目后再处理 因为 这时 文章所提供的信息量比以前多了 也许这时找到答案的难度会小一些 4 重新阅读全文 全面复查 重新阅读全文 全面复查 将选好的答案一一对号入座 再把整篇文章通读一遍 看看 在表达整个语篇的意思上有无唐突之处 内容是否连贯通顺 语法上有无不妥等等 四 提高完形填空题解题能力的训练要点四 提高完形填空题解题能力的训练要点 要想在完形填空上取得高分 平时要做以下方面的训练 1 进行一定量的阅读训练以提高自己的英语语感和对文章的理解能力 进行一定量的阅读训练以提高自己的英语语感和对文章的理解能力 由于完形填空重 点考查的是一个考生的阅读能力 因此 提高自己的阅读能力是提高在完形填空中的得分 的关键 阅读能力的提高是和你阅读的量成正比的 阅读的量越大 你的阅读能力就越强 因此 有计划 有步骤地进行一定量的阅读训练是相当重要的 在进行阅读训练时 除了 检测自己在阅读中的理解情况之外 还要对阅读文章中所出现的重点词和词组进行认真的 2 学习和研究 对于重要的句式句型等也要进行认真的研究 总结并作整理和记忆 同类句 型在今后的做题中肯定会多次出现 如不作整理和记忆则无法产生较好的语感 对于英语 句子所表达的意思的理解只能一直停留在模糊阶段 更谈不上阅读能力的快速提高 而阅 读能力得不到提高就直接影响到完形填空的正确率 2 加强词汇知识方面的训练 努力提高词汇的识记和理解能力 加强词汇知识方面的训练 努力提高词汇的识记和理解能力 有学生以为 提高自己的词汇知识无非就是要死记硬背词汇表 把每一个单词都熟记在心 其实 背诵词汇表只是词汇知识掌握的第一步 虽然这一步非常重要也是必不可少的 我 们知道 一个单词或词组在具体的上下文中会有不同的意思 而许多这样的意思也许在你 的词汇表上并没有标出 一个词甚至是一个非常普通的词 在一定的语言环境下说话者可 能会赋予它特定的意思 从而达到某种语义效果 如果你缺乏一定的语汇训练 在一个不 同的语言环境中 你硬是用你从词汇表上所背到的词义去理解 也许会永远不理解句子所 要表达的真正含义 要提高自己在词汇知识方面的能力 首先 在熟记每一单词的基本词 义的同时 多记一些该单词的各种常见词义下的重要例句 其次 平时应多作一些记录和 积累工作 把自己从阅读中所见到的一些所学单词的有用的表达法记录下来 并经常诵读 另外 不妨多学一些构词知识 如英语单词中的词性转换 前后缀 合成词等 这些知识 也可以在一定程度上提高你的词汇知识 3 多进行完形填空的训练 多进行完形填空的训练 平时多做完形填空的训练可以有效地提高实战能力 以充分适应这种题型 每做完一篇完 形填空 就需要认真核对答案 找出在做题中出错的原因 以便采取相应的措施 在今后 做题时避免出现同样的错 如你发现在做题时经常犯词汇理解方面的错误 则你就应该认 真记忆单词 词组 如你犯的是语篇理解方面的错误 则应当有意识地增加你的阅读量 以提高阅读理解的能力 上述工作做完后 你最好不要就把这篇做好的完形填空随手扔了 不妨把整篇文章再默记一遍 并在文章中的空缺处填上核对后的正确的词 应该把这些词 默写出来 而不是对着答案照抄 再把文章反复读几遍 这样做 对你做完形填空时产生 一种良好的语感是很有好处的 例例 1 We know that trees are useful in our everyday life They 1 us many things such as wood oxygen rubber medicines and many other things They can 2 tell us a lot about our climate 气候 The following are the reasons 理由 If you 3 a tree you can see that it has many rings 年轮 Most trees grow one new ring 4 year Because of this reason we know 5 a tree is A tree over a hundred years old means that it has more than a hundred 6 When the climate is dry or very cold the trees do not grow very much and their rings are usually 7 When it is wet and warm the rings are much thicker If the rings are suddenly very thin or suddenly very thick this means that the 8 changed suddenly If we look at the rings on this tree we can learn about the 9 for a hundred years We can see 10 our climate is changing today 1 A tell B ask C give D get 2 A not B too C to D also 3 A cut across B climb up C walk past D look at 4 A every B many C the first D from 5 A how big B how long C how old D how much 6 A trees B leaves C people D rings 7 A big B thick C small D thin 8 A climate B trees C rings D animal 3 9 A people B things C climate D life 10 A how B why C when D while 例例 2 Greenland is the largest island in the world It is in the 1 of Europe Near Greenland is another island It is small Its 2 is Iceland Do you think that Greenland is green and warm Do you think that Iceland is white with ice If you do you are 3 Not many people live on the big island of Greenland There 4 more people in your hometown than in all of Greenland That is because Greenland is not green Greenland is 5 Most of the island is covered with lots of ice The ice covering Greenland is 6 than the world s tallest building What 7 Iceland Is it colder than Greenland No it is not Iceland has ice but not so much ice 8 Greenland It has a lot of hot springs 泉 They give out hot water and steam 水蒸汽 The climate 气候 is not as 9 as Greenland And there are a lot 10 people who live in Iceland 1 A eastB west C northD south 2 A villageB name C farmD town 3 A wrongB clever C rightD bright 4 A must beB are C isD be 5 A yellowB brownC blueD white 6 A more higherB highC highestD higher 7 A ofB inC aboutD on 8 A asB likeC thanD then 9 A warmB coldC notD cool 10 A manyB muchC moreD most 例例 3 Joe wanted a computer He asked his 1 for the money and they said he must get it himself But how did he get it He 2 about this when he walked home Not many people wanted to ask children to work for them Maybe he could take away snow for the neighbors 邻居 But this was not 3 He had to wait a long time for that He couldn t cut grass for their gardens 4 he had no tools 工具 to do the work with Then he saw one of his classmates Dick delivering 送 5 I could do that he thought Maybe I could even get the computer 6 away I could pay 7 it a little each week He ran to 8 up with Dick Joe asked him a lot of questions He learned that it was 9 to get twenty five dollars each week He learned that the job 工作 took 10 three hours each night Dick 11 him the phone number of the newspaper manager 经理 Joe almost flew home After he had told his mother 12 he thought she 13 I think it is a 14 idea she said I ll call the newspaper Wait Mum Joe said I ll call After that I m going to be a businessman now Joe s mother smiled 15 1 A teachersB parentsC classmatesD friends 2 A saidB toldC thoughtD spoke 3 A springB summerC autumnD winter 4 A becauseB whenC whileD after 5 A newspaperB bikesC computersD tools 6 A nowB rightC justD only 4 7 A onB toC ofD for 8 A takeB catchC carryD get 9 A friendlyB kindC possibleD wrong 10 A atB aboutC beforeD after 11 A taughtB gaveC madeD asked 12 A thatB whenC whatD where 13 A smiledB shoutedC criedD worried 14 A bigB largeC greatD bad 15 A sadlyB happilyC politelyD angrily 例例 4 These days it is found that school students hardly have any sports Is it because they have no 1 in sports It may not be true They often say they have 2 more important things to do What are these important things Exams They have to 3 themselves ready for all kinds of exams and tests in school So many of them almost 4 bookworms 书呆子 In the past in the summer holidays they could do 5 they liked but now they have to 6 all their time preparing So 7 have kept them away from going in for sports Because of the pressure 压力 from 8 parents and teachers they 9 to work harder and spend most of their time 10 books As for the students themselves they don t want to 11 the lessons because they want to further their studies So it is necessary to give 12 of their spare time to their studies and 13 up their school sports It s true a good education cannot go without physical training the 14 is true a quick mind hardly goes along with a 15 body Without a strong body you can never do anything well how can you make great success in life 1 A interests B interestedC interesting D interest 2 A another B otherC muchD some 3 A make B haveC getD let 4 A turnB growC lookD become 5 A anything B something C everything D nothing 6 A giveB spendC takeD cost 7 A teachers B parentsC studiesD holidays 8 A hisB one sC theirD other s 9 A tryB hopeC haveD enjoy 10 A inB atC toD on 11 A missB loseC leaveD fail 12 A fewB anyC allD none 13 A giveB takeC putD send 14 A thingB sameC wordD kind 15 A strong B heavyC weakD ill 例例 5 Have you ever asked yourself why children go to school You will probably 1 they go to learn languages geography history science and all 2 subjects That is quite 3 but 4 do they learn these things We send our children to school to 5 them for their future work and life Nearly everything they study at school has some practical use 6 their life but is that the 7 reason they go to 5 school There is 8 in education than just learning facts We go to school above all 9 how to learn so that when we have left school we can go on learning If a man really knows 10 he will always be successful because whenever he has to do 11 he will quickly teach himself how to do it in the best way The uneducated person on the other 12 is 13 unable to do it or does it badly so the pupils of school is not just 14 languages geography science etc but to teach pupils the 15 to learn 1 A speakB sayC talkD tell 2 A the B otherC the other D other the 3 A trueB realC factD wrong 4 A howB whereC whyD what 5 A stopB askC readyD prepare 6 A atB inC onD with 7 A bestB onlyC justD first 8 A manyB muchC moreD most 9 A learnB to learnC learningD learned 10 A how to learn B why to learn C how does he learn D why does he learn 11 A anything new B something new C new anything D new something 12 A wayB wordC footD hand 13 A bothB eitherC neitherD not 14 A learnB to learnC teachD to teach 15 A subjectsB reasonsC wayD knowledge 例例 6 Do you know how to study 1 and make your study more effective 有效的 We all know that Chinese students usually study very hard for long 2 This is very good but it doesn t 3 a lot for an effective student must have enough sleep enough food and enough rest and 4 Every day you need to go out for a walk or visit some friends or some nice places It s good for your 5 When you return 6 your studies your mind will be refreshed 清醒 and you ll learn more 7 study better Psychologists 心理学家 8 that learning takes place this way Here take English learning 9 an example First you make a lot of progress and you feel happy Then your language study seems 10 the same So you will think you re learning 11 and you may give up This can last for days or even weeks yet you 12 give up and at some point your language study will again take another big 13 You ll see that you really have been learning all along If you get enough sleep food rest and exercise studying English can be very effective and 14 Don t give up along the way Learn 15 you are sure to get a good result 结果 1 A well B good C better D best 2 A days B time C hours D weeks 3 A help B give C make D take 4 A exercise B homework C running D clothes 5 A healthB body C study D life 6 A after B for C at D to 7 A yet B and C or D but 6 8 A have found B have taught C told D said 9 A with B for C as D to 10 A to have B to make C to take D to stay 11 A something B anything C nothing D everything 12 A mustn t B couldn t C needn t D may not 13 A work B jump C walk D result 14 A hard B common C possible D interesting 15 A slowlyB fast C quickly D happily 例例 7 There was once a millionaire who loved money than anything else in the world He didn t know exactly how much he had so he took on a little girl to 1 all his money for him It 2 the little girl six days to count all the money When she told the millionaire that he had forty two 3 dollars he was 4 with joy and asked How much 5 do you want He thought that 6 she was only a child he could 7 her into taking a very small amount of money The girl said well I worked for six days so I think you 8 pay me for six days Give me two pennies for the first day Each day after that just give me the amount you give me the day before multiplied by itself The 9 thought that in this 10 he would only have to give her a 11 dollars What a 12 little girl So immediately he 13 his lawyer sign up the contract fearing that she would change her 14 On the first day the millionaire paid her two pennies and on the second day two pennies times two pennies or four pennies Each day after that he gave her 15 number of pennies he had given her the day before multiplied by itself And by the sixth day the foolish millionaire had to give the clever little girl all his money 1 A bringB countC sendD hide 2 A hadB neededC gotD took 3 A millionB dozenC thousandD hundred 4 A prideB wildC surprisedD moved 5 A dollarsB numberC timeD pay 6 A as ifB thoughC ifD because 7 A warnB adviseC cheatD set 8 A could B wouldC shouldD might 9 A girlB millionaireC twoD people 10 A measureB wayC pointD means 11 A fewB littleC lessD much 12 A nice B cleverC fineD foolish 13 A orderedB askedC hadD persuaded 14 A mindB heartC wordD plan 15 A goodB greatC aD the 例例 8 There is a holiday next week and I can t decide what to do I have a lot of work to do 1 and this would be a good chance 机会 2 But I don t like 3 the holiday in this 7 way I can work at home all the rest of the year Last year I went 4 to the mountains 5 there was beautiful but it is too cold this time of year And it s really 6 far to go for a short holiday I decide 7 this isn t a good time to 8 the mountains But I 9 to go somewhere else Perhaps this would be a good chance to go to the beach 海滨 I like to go for walks 10 the seashore 11 the warm sunshine and watch the water It s only eight miles and I could get there 12 about two hours After thinking it 13 I am sure that this is a 14 time for the seashore than 15 1 A at home B at house C in school D in factory 2 A do it B doing that C to do it D with that 3 A to pass B to spend C having D asking 4 A the north B or north C north D to north 5 A Nothing B Everything C Somebody D A girl 6 A very B enough C rather D too 7 A that B what C whether D when 8 A go B go to C arrive D leave 9 A do want B shall want C wanted D am wanting 10 A on B by C beside D along 11 A onB during C in D under 12 A in B for C with D after 13 A in B out C over D on 14 A good B fine C better D best 15 A home B the mountains C big cities D country villages 例例 9 My family spent a few weeks in London last year We went there in the autumn We think it is the 1 season to visit England The weather is usually quite good 2 there are not too many 3 in October We stayed in a small 4 in the West End We 5 most of our sightseeing on foot We went to look at the places which all travelers would like to 6 We went shopping and spent too much money 7 a lot of things What we liked most was going to the 8 We didn t have the chance to see such 9 plays at home A lot of people say English 10 is very bad We didn t think so It is 11 that most of the restaurants are French Italian or Chinese but Britain had some very 12 meals In fact we 13 our holiday so much that we have already decided to 14 there again this year But we are going to take our umbrellas I m sure we ll need them 15 1 A busiestB workingC bestD hottest 2 A andB orC asD so 3 A playersB travelersC placesD things 4 A stationB hotelC officeD cinema 5 A missedB showedC usedD did 6 A lookB watchC seeD notice 7 A buyingB buyC boughtD to buy 8 A shopsB cinemasC restaurants D theatres 8 9 A wellB wonderfulC terribleD sad 10 A languageB filmC clothesD food 11 A impossibleB trueC importantD necessary 12 A deliciousB poorC freshD expen