初中主谓一致-讲解+练习

主谓一致的用法及专项练习题主谓一致的用法及专项练习题 一 主谓一致三原则一 主谓一致三原则 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致 主谓一致必须遵循三原则 语法一致原则 意义 一致原则 就近一致原则 1 语法一致原则 指主语是单数形式 谓语动词用单数形式 主语是复数形式 谓语也用复数形式 Tom is a good student 汤姆是个好学生 They often play football on the playground 他们经常在操场上踢足球 2 意义一致 指主语形式上为单数 但意义为复数 因此谓语动词用复数形式 或主语形式上为复数 但 表示单数意义 这是谓语动词用单数形式 My family are having lunch now 我们一家人现在正吃午饭 Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book 这本书 20 美元太贵了 3 就近一致 指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式 取决于最靠近他的主语 例如 Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football 不仅老师喜欢踢足球 而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球 There is a pen and some books on the desk 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书 二 二 主谓一致常考题型主谓一致常考题型 1 单数名词 代词 不可数名词作主语时 谓语用单数形式 复数名词 代词 作主语 谓语用复数形 式 The desk is Tom s 这张桌子是汤姆的 Some water is in the bottle 一些水在瓶子里 The students are playing football on the playground 这些学生正在操场上踢足球 2 many a 单数名词作主语 意义虽为 许多 但谓语要用单数形式 Many a student has been to Shanghai 许多学生到过上海 3 more than one 单数名词作主语 谓语用单数 More than one student has ever been to Beijing 不止一个学生曾经去过北京 4 表示时间 价格 重量 数目 长度 数学运算等的词或短语作主语时 这些通常作一个 整体概念 谓语用单数形式 例如 Two months is a long holiday 两个月是一个长假 Twenty pounds isn t so heavy 2 0 英镑并不太重 Ten miles isn t a long distance 1 0 英里并不是一段很长的距离 Five minus four is one 5 减 4 等于 1 5 主语是 each every 单数名词 and each every 单数名词时 谓语动词用单数 Each boy and each girl has got a seat 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位 Every man and every woman is at work 每个男人和女人都在工作 6 one and a half 复数名词作主语 谓语动词用单数形式 One and a half hours is enough 一个半小时足够了 7 动词不定式 动名词作主语时 谓语动词用单数形式 To see is to believe 眼见为实 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益 8 a an 单数名词 or two 作主语 谓语动词用单数 A student or two has failed the exam 一两个学生考试不及格 9 当主语部分含有 with together with along with as well as besides except but like 等介词或介词短语时 谓语动词用单数形式 但 名词 as well as 名词 时 谓语动词一般应与第一 个名词一致 Mike with his father has been to England 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰 Mike like his brother enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球 The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting 10 由 and 连接的两个单数名词作主语时 一般用复数形式 但 and 所连接的并列主语是同一个人 事 物 或概念时 谓语动词用单数 这两种情况区分如下 a the 单数名词 and 单数名词 指的是同一个人 或物 a the 单数名词 and a the 单数名词 指两个人或物 The writer and teacher is coming 那位作家兼教师来了 作家和教师指同一个人 The writer and the teacher are coming 作家和老师来了 作家和老师是两个人 11 people police 等集体名词作主语 谓语动词用复数形式 family class group team 等集体名词作 主语 若指一个整体时 谓语动词用单数形式 若指一个具体成员时 谓语动词复数形式 People here are very friendly 这儿的人很友好 His family isn t large 他家的人不多 My family all like watching TV 我们一家人都喜欢看电视 12 不定代词 somebody someone something anybody anything everybody everyone everything nobody no one nothing 作主语 谓语动词用单数 Is everyone here today 今天大家到齐了吗 Something is wrong with him 他有毛病 Nobody was in 没有人在家 13 each either neither another the other 作主语 谓语动词用单数 Each of them has an English dictionary 他们每人都有一本英语词典 Neither answer is correct 两个答案都不正确 14 以 s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义 谓语通常用单数形式 如 news maths physics 等 No news is good news 没有消息就是好消息 Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎 15 由 both and 连接两个单数名词作主语时 谓语动词用复数形式 由 or either or neither nor not only but also not but 连接两个名词或代词作主语时 根据就近原 则决定谓语动词形式 Either my wife or I am going Neither you nor I nor anyone else knows the answer Not only you but also he is ready to leave 如果 either each neither 作主语 则动词为单数形式 Each of us has his likes and dislikes Neither of the books is very interesting 16 如果主语是由 a series of a kind of a portion of 等 名词 构成时 动词一般用单数形式 A series of pre recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use 但 a variety of a number of 名词复数 动词要用复数形式 而 the number of 复数名词作主语 谓语动词用单数 On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods The number of the students is over eight houndred 1717 以 here there 开关的句子 若主语在两个或两个以上 谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致 There is a book and three pens on the desk Here are some books and paper for you 18 the 形容词表示一类人时 谓语动词用复数形式 表示抽象概念时 用单数形式 The poor are very happy but the rich are sad The beautiful lives forever 美是永存的 三 肯定与否定一致三 肯定与否定一致 下列形容词 副词 代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化 We ve had some money We haven t had any money I was talking to someone I wasn t talking to anyone They sometimes visit us They rarely never seldom visit us He has arrived already He hasn t arrived yet Li is coming too Li isn t coming either Both of us are going Neither of us are going He likes both of them He doesn t like either of them 注意 注意 so neither so neither 助动词助动词 名词名词 代词结构中须用倒装语序 代词结构中须用倒装语序 MyMy wifewife likelike classicclassic musicmusic veryvery muchmuch andand soso dodo I I SheShe doesn tdoesn t likelike jazzjazz andand neitherneither dodo I I 主谓一致专项练习题 1 Either Jane or Steven watching TV now A were B is C was D are 2 Two days enough for me to finish the work I need a third day A isn t B is C are t D are 3 How many lessons do you usually haver a day Six lessons a day And each of then 45 minutes A last B lasts C have D are 4 Neither Liping nor I a basketball player A am B is C be D are 5 There many new words in lesson one It is very easy A is B aren t C isn t D are 6 The number of the students in our school 1200 A is B are C has D have 7 Maths my favourite subject A be B is C am D are 8 The boy with the two dogs when the earthquake rocked the city A were sleeping B is sleeping C was sleeping D are asle 9 Every one except Tom and John there when the meeting began A are B is C were D was 10 That place is not interesting at all of us wants to go there A Neither B Both C All D Some 11 Nobody but Jane the secret A know B knows C have know D is 12 What s on the plate some eggs and cakes on it There some eggs and cakes on it A is B are C was D were 13 This pair of glasses mine A are B be C is D will be 14 Both Lily and Lucy to the party yesterday A invited B was invited C had invited D were invirted 15 Two months quite a long time Yes I m afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons A is B are C was D were 16 In the city the old A take good care of B are taken good care of C is taken good care of D are been taken good care of 17 His family all very kind and friendly His family a happy one A are is B is is C are are D is are 18 The singer and the dancer come to Beijing A has B have C are D is 19 The children in this class each new school bag A have B has C has got D are having 20 All but one here just now A is B was C has been D were 21 If Bob s wife won t agree to go on holiday in winter A neither he will B neither won t he C neither will he D he won t neither 22 I haven t finished my homeworked yet A so has he B Neither he has C He has too D He hasn t either 23 I m going to visit the Lu Gou Bridge tomorrow A I am so B So am I C So go I D So I go 24 You as well as he to blame 责备 for the accident 交通事故 A are B is C have D has 25 Neither my wife nor I myself able to teach my daughter to sing English songs A has been B is C are D am 主谓一致练习题参考答案 1 B 2 A 3 B 4 A 5 B 6 A 7 B 8 C 9 D 10 A 11 B 12 B 13 C 14 D 15 A 16 B 17 A 18 B 19 A 20 D 21 C 22 D 23 B 24 A 25 D 主谓一致练习题 1 The old well looked after by the government in China A is B are C has been D was 2 The secretary and manager very busy now A is B are C was D were 3 Both the secretary and the manager agreed to attend the meeting A has B have C are D was 4 Tom as well as two of his classmates invited to the party A was B were C have been D had been 5 Either you or I going to the teachers office after class A am B is C are D will 6 Most of his spare time spent in reading A are B were C was D have been 7 This is one of the best novels that appeared this year A have been B has C had been D have 8 Ten thousand dollars quite a large sum A are B is C were D have 9 About 20 percent of the work done yesterday A are B is C were D was 10 Mr Smith together with his children arrived A are B has C is D have 11 It I who leaving for London A is is B am is C is am D am am 12 Not only Tom but also his wife fond of watching television A are B were C be D is 13 When and where to build the new factory yet A is not decided B are not decided C has not decided D have not decided 14 Although the first part of the book is easy the rest A are difficult B has proved difficult C is supposed difficult D have been found difficult 15 That they were wrong in these matters now clear to us all A is B was C are D were 16 Half of his goods stolen the other day A are B were C is D was 17 Mathematics the language of science A are B are going to be C is D is to be 18 Each of the students a Chinese English dictionary A have B has C there is D there are 19 They each a beautiful handkerchief A have B has C there is D there are 20 Between the two rows of trees the teaching building A stand B stands C standing D are 21 This pair of shoes made in Nanjing A is B are C have been D had been 22 No one except my parents anything about it A know B knows C is knowing D have known 23 A number of students from the south A are B is C have D has 24 The number of students from the north small A are B is C have D has 25 Writing stories and articles what I enjoy most A is B are C was D were 26 His Selected Poems first published in 1965 A were B was C has been D are 27 Miss Smith is a friend of A Mary s mother s B Mary s mother C Mother s of Mary D Mary mother s 28 A good deal of money spent on books A have B has C have been D has been 29 On the wall two large portraits A hangs B hang C hanged D hanging 30 turn green in spring A Leaf B Leafs C Leave D Leaves 31 Father went to his doctor for about his heart trouble A an advice B advice C advices D the advices 32 All but one here just now A is B was C has been D were 33 The number of people invited fifty but a number of them absent for different reasons A were was B was was C was were D were were 34 The air in big cities very dirty by factories A are often made B is often made C have often made D has often made 35 Nobody to smoke in the cinema A allows B allow C is allowed D are allowed 36 The Chinese people hard working and brave A are B is C has been D are being 37 can be done been done A All have B All that have C All has D All that has 38 John has two brothers but either out of work now A are B is C has D have 39 The police the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre A is searching for B were searching for C are searching for D were searching 40 Apples of this kind A tastes good B tastes well C taste good D taste well 41 Your trousers dirty you must have washed A is it B are it C are them D is them 42 Where rubbish there are flies A there are B there is C is D there has 43 The Olympic Games held every years A is four B are four C is five D are five 44 Many a man come to help us A have B has C is D are 45 He is the only one of the students who elected A are B have C has D is 46 Three fourths of the homework today A has finished B has been finished C have finished D have been finished 47 Those who in compositions please hand them in this afternoon A hasn t handed his B haven t handed their C has handed their D have handed his 48 Jane is one of the best students in her class who by their teacher A are praised B is praised C praised D praising 49 The whole class the teacher attentively A are listening to B is listening to C are listening D is listening 50 The United States of America one of the most developed countries in the world A is B are C was D were KEY 1 5 BABAA 6 10 CDBDB 11 15 CDABA 16 20 BCBAB 21 25 ABABA 26 30 BADBD 31 35 BDCBC 36 40 ADBBC 41 45 CBBBD 46 50 BBAAA 主谓一致专项练习 一 单项选择 1 Eating vegetables good for our health A is B are C were D was 2 More than one person made the suggestion A was B has C were D have 3 I think of the materials I listened to at the beginning of the exam easy A two thirds is B second three are C two thirds are D two third are 4 Neither you nor Lin Hua to the Great Wall before A had been B has gone C has been D have been 5 The writer and teacher coming now A is B are C has D have 6 Something gone wrong with my TV set A has B have C is D are 7 Nothing but grass and trees the hill A covers B cover C covering D are covering 8 Physics more interesting than Maths I think A are B is C was D were 9 Each student and each teacher to see the film A go B wish C are D wants 10 Either Tom or I to blame A to be B am C are D is 11 There a desk two beds and four chairs in the room A is B are C has D have 12 Lucy together with her two brothers often to the park on Sundays A go B goes C are going D is going 13 There a pair of shoes on the floor The shoes mine A are is B is is C is are D are are 14 None of that money on the table mine A is B are C been D have 15 Could you get me a piano Mum There enough room for one in our home A is B are C isn t D aren t 16 The family I am staying with very friendly A is B are C was D were 17 Our team the World Cup A has won B have won C are won D is won 18 Our country great changes in the last 30 years A experience B experiences C has experienced D experiencing 19 The police having a meeting in their office at ten yesterday A is B are C was D were 20 The number of people invited 50 but a number of them absent for different reasons A were was B was was C was were D were were 21 A library with 5000 books to the nation as a gift A is offered B has offered C are offered D have offered 22 I told him what I was surprised his attitude towards his study A is B was C at is D at was 23 On the wall two large portraits 肖像 A hangs B hang C hanged D are hung 24 All that can be done A has been done B has done C have done D were done 25 The singer and the dancer come to the meeting A has B have C are D is 26 I have finished a large part of the book the rest more difficult A is B are C was D were 27 The wounded 伤员 by the hospital A has taken in B has been taken in C have taken in D have been taken in 28 The following some other examples A are B is C was D were 29 The whole class the teacher attentively 认真地 A are listening B is listening to C are listening to D is listening 30 All present and all going on well our ma