初中英语定语从句的用法和精练(一)

Everything is possible 一切皆有可能 1 二二 语法讲解语法讲解 定语从句的用法和精练定语从句的用法和精练 一 定语从句的概念一 定语从句的概念 在复合句中 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 定语从句一 般放在先行词的后面 二 定语从句的关系词二 定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词关系代词和关系副词关系副词 常见的关系代词包括 that which who 宾格 whom 所有格 whose 等 关系副词包 where when why 等 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间 起连接作用 同时又作定语从句的重要成分 三 定语从句的分类三 定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系 定语从句可分为限制性定语从句限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 限制性定 语从句紧跟先行词 主句与从句不用逗号分开 从句不可省去 非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗有逗 号分开号分开 起补充说明作用 如省去 意思仍完整 四 关系代词的用法四 关系代词的用法 1 that 既可以用于指人既可以用于指人 也可以用于指物 在从句中作主语或宾语也可以用于指物 在从句中作主语或宾语 作主语时不可省略作主语时不可省略 作宾语可省作宾语可省 略 例如略 例如 Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐 that 作主语 The coat that I put on the desk is blue 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的 that 作宾语 2 which 用于指物用于指物 在句中作主语或宾语在句中作主语或宾语 作主语不可省略作主语不可省略 作宾语可省略 例如作宾语可省略 例如 The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket 位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超 市 作主语 The film which we saw last night was wonderful 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看 作宾语 3 who whom 用于指人用于指人 who 用作主语用作主语 whom 用作宾语 在口语中用作宾语 在口语中 有时可用有时可用 who 代替代替 whom 也也 可省略 例如可省略 例如 The girl who often helps me with my English is from England 经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英 国人 作主语 Who is the teacher whom Li Ming is talking to 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁 作宾语 4 whose 通常指人 也可指物 在定语从句中做定语 后面要紧跟被修饰的名词 通常指人 也可指物 在定语从句中做定语 后面要紧跟被修饰的名词 There are some people whose faces you can nevr forget 有些人 他们的脸你永远难以忘怀 定语从句修饰先行词 people I saw some trees whose leaves were black because of the polluted air 我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑 定语从句修饰行词 trees 注意注意 1 当定语从句中含有介词当定语从句中含有介词 介词放在句末时介词放在句末时 who that which 可省略可省略 但介词在关系代词前时但介词在关系代词前时 只只 能用能用 介词介词 which whom 结构 例如结构 例如 This is the house in which we lived last year 这是我们去年居住的房子 Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel 请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说 2 含有介词的固定动词词组中含有介词的固定动词词组中 介词不可前置介词不可前置 只能放在原来的位置上 例如只能放在原来的位置上 例如 This is the person whom you are looking for 这就是你要找的那个人 Everything is possible 一切皆有可能 2 3 that 作介词的宾语时作介词的宾语时 介词不能放它的前面介词不能放它的前面 只能放在从句中动词的后面 例如只能放在从句中动词的后面 例如 The city that she lives in is very far away 她居住的城市非常远 4 关系词只能用关系词只能用 that 的情况的情况 a 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰 或本身是序数词 基数词 形容词最高级时或本身是序数词 基数词 形容词最高级时 只能用只能用 that 而不用而不用 which 例如例如 He was the first person that passed the exam 他是第一个通过考试的人 b 被修饰的先行词为被修饰的先行词为 all any much many everything anything none the one 等不定代词时等不定代词时 只只 能用能用 that 而不用而不用 which 例如例如 Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗 c 先行词被先行词被 the only the very the same the last little few no 等词修饰时等词修饰时 只能用只能用 that 而不用而不用 which 例如例如 This is the same bike that I lost 这就是我丢的那辆自行车 d 先行词里同时含有人或物时先行词里同时含有人或物时 只能用只能用 that 而不用而不用 which 例如例如 I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room 我能清楚记得我在那个房 间所见到的人和一些照片 e 以以 who 或或 which 引导的特殊疑问句引导的特殊疑问句 为避免重复为避免重复 只能用只能用 that 例如例如 Who is the girl that is crying 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁 5 关系词只能用关系词只能用 which 而不用而不用 that 的情况的情况 a 关系代词前有介词时关系代词前有介词时 一般用一般用 which 而不用而不用 that 例如例如 This is the room in which he lives 这是他居住的房间 b 引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句 用用 which 而不用而不用 that 例如例如 Tom came back which made us happy 汤姆回来了 这使我们很高兴 五 关系副词的用法五 关系副词的用法 引导定语从句的关系副词有 when where 或 why 等 分别作状语 意义上相当于介词介词 which 结构 分别代替表示时间 地点或原因的先行词 A when 指时间 在定语从句中作时间状语 I still remember the day when I first came to this school 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天 when on which He came at a time when we needed him most 他是在我们最需要他的时候来的 when at which We will never forget the year 1949 when th People s Republic of China was founded 我们永远忘不了 1949 年 那是中华人民共和国成立的一年 when in which B where 指地点 在定语从句中作地点状语 I recently went back to the town where I was born 我最近曾回过一次我出生的城市 where in which I would like to live in a country where there is plenty of sunshine 我想住在一个阳光充足的国家 where in which Everything is possible 一切皆有可能 3 What s the name of the place where you spent your holiday 你度假的那个地方叫什么名字 where at which C why 指原因 在限制性定语从句中作原因状语 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane 请告诉我你误机的原因 why for which 随堂练习 随堂练习 切记规律 切记规律 I 用适当的关系代词用适当的关系代词 that which who whom 填空 填空 1 The first thing you must do is to have a meal 2 April 1st is the day is called April Fool s Day in the west 3 The family had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends 4 The house we live in is very old 5 Didn t you see the man I talked with just now 6 Is there anything you don t know 7 I want to read all the books were written by Lu Xun 8 This is the second book I borrowed from the library 9 He is the only person I know here 10 We re talking about the people and the school we have visited in the country 11 Who is the girl is wearing a red coat 12 Look at the books on the bookshelf You can see the two you bought me for my birthday 单项填空单项填空 1 This is the very house we are looking for A that B where C which D whose 2 I ve returned all the books I borrowed from the library A which B them C what D that 3 There isn t much I can tell you A what B which C that D where 4 She kept a record of everything happened during the meeting A when B that C which D what 5 Please tell us about the persons and the places you visited in Shanghai A that B who C which D whom 6 California was the first state I had visited in the US A where B that C which D what 7 Do you know the man is talking with your father Yes he s our headmaster A he B who C which D whom 8 Is this the river I can swim A which B in which C that D the one 9 This is the best hotel in the city I know A where B which C that D it 10 Can you lend me the dictionary the other day A that you bought B you bought it Everything is possible 一切皆有可能 4 C that you bought it D which you bought it 11 Anyone with what I said may put up you hands A which agrees B who agree C who agrees D which agree 12 My watch is not the only thing is missing A that B it C which who 13 The man coat is black is waiting at the gate A who s B whose C that of which 14 The girl is reading under the tree my sister A which is B whom was C who is D who was 15 I love places the people are really friendly A that B which C where D who 16 The world is made up of matter A in that we live B on which we live C where we live in D we live in 定语从句强化练习 一 定语从句强化练习 一 11 There is no difficulty can t be overcome in the world A that B which C who D what 12 Who is the person is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower A who B that C which D whom 13 This was the supermarket I bought this kind of tin A where B that C who D which 14 The house the capitalist used to live in is now a nursery A that B where C what D when 15 This is the last time I shall come here to help you A that B which C when D what 16 The house we live is not big A in that B which C in which D that 17 My neighburs used to give me a hand in time of trouble was very kind of them A who B that C which D whom 18 All glitters is not gold A that B which C D what 19 Beijing is the capital of China is a beautiful city A that B it C which D 20 That s the hotel last year A which we stayed B at that we stayed C Where we stayed at D where we stayed 21 Anyone this opinion may speak out A that againsts B that against C who is against D who are against 22 The place you are standing used to be an old church A which B where C that D when Everything is possible 一切皆有可能 5 首字母填空首字母填空 Man has a big brain He can think and s languages Scientists once thought that man isn t the same as animals b man can think and learn They know now that dogs monkeys and birds can learn too They are beginning to u that men are different from animals because they can speak Animals can t speak They make much n when they are afraid or unhappy Apes 猿 can learn some things more quickly than man One or two of them have learned a few words But they cannot join words to make s They cannot think l us because they have no language Language is a wonderful thing Man has been a to build a modern world because he has language Every child can speak his own language very w when he is four or five b no animals learn to speak How do children learn it Scientists don t really know w happens inside our body when we speak They only know that man can speak because he has a brain 阅读理解阅读理解 The two boys each 17 years old were on a small boat trip 旅行 They had left Minneapolis weeks before Now they had gone as far as Norway House on Lake Winnipeg See the map They wanted to get to York Factory But it was 450 miles away And there was only one village between Norway House and it That night the boys could hardly sleep Over and over each asked himself What can I say to my family if we turn back But isn t it foolish for us to go alone into such a place What if we get lost Should we turn back or not The next morning the boys talked with two policemen We don t like to see you boys start out on this trip said one of the men seriously It s dangerous said the other Why don t you boys go home now We ve thought it over said Eric We can t stop half way now Shall we go on Walter Yes Walter answered Maybe it is a very hard trip but let s go on We started out to go to York Factory Let s not stop until we get there An old man was near the boys He heard what