初中英语动词时态教程-人教新目标版

用心 爱心 专心1 初中动词时态初中动词时态 一般现在时 构成 一般现在时主要由动词原形表示 但第三人称单数后要加词尾一般现在时主要由动词原形表示 但第三人称单数后要加词尾 s s 另外 另外 bebe 动词和动词和 havehave 有特殊的人称形式有特殊的人称形式 bebe 动词 第一人称单数之后用动词 第一人称单数之后用 amam 第二人称及复数人称之后用 第二人称及复数人称之后用 areare 第三人称单数之后用 第三人称单数之后用 isis have have 有有 动词 第三人称单数之后用动词 第三人称单数之后用 hashas 其他人称之后用 其他人称之后用 havehave 实义动词例句 They taketake a rest on Sundays 他们星期天休息 He takestakes a walk in the park every morning 他每天早晨在公园里散步 be 动词例句 You areare my friend 你是我的朋友 I amam your friend 我是你的朋友 He isis my friend 他是我的朋友 have 有 动词例句 She hashas blue eyes 她有蓝眼睛 I havehave blue eyes 我有蓝眼睛 一般现在时的用法 1 现在的事实 用动词原形 现在式 表示 2 现在的习惯 3 不变的真理 例句 1 His pulse is fine 他的脉搏很好 表示现在的事实 2 Jenny gets up early 珍妮起得很早 表示现在的习惯 3 The earth moves around the sun 地球绕太阳转 表示不变的真理 一般现在时常常和下列时间状语连用 always 总是 usually 通常 often 常 常 sometimes 有时 every day 每天 on Sunday 在星期天 in the evening 在晚上 in the morning 在上午 in the afternoon 在下午 等等 在主从复合句中 当主句是将来时时 由 if 和 unless n les 除非 若不 如 果不 引导的条件状语从句和由 as soon as before when 等引导的时间状语从句用现在 时表将来 注意 不仅是一般现在时 这就是我们常说的 主将从现 例如 1 I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow 2 I will tell him about this as soon as I see him 请看下面这段短文 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空 George and Mary 1 be brother and sister They 2 live in a big house The house 3 be in front of a hill George 4 go to school but little Mary 5 do not She 6 be only five 用心 爱心 专心2 George 7 like sports He 8 swim and 9 skate well After school he often 10 play football with his friends Does Mary 11 like sports Yes she 12 do But she 13 not like singing and dancing 用心 爱心 专心3 现在进行时态 构成 现在进行时是由助动词现在进行时是由助动词 bebe amam isis areare 动词的现在分词构成的动词的现在分词构成的 显然 显然 amam isis areare 在这种结构中已没有在这种结构中已没有 是是 在在 有有 等意义 它们已成为等意义 它们已成为 助动词助动词 但它 们的用法 即 am is are 的使用要随主语的人称或数加以变化 和我们过去学过的规则 是一样的 I amam readingreading the text now 我现在在读课文 助动词 be 用第一人称单数时的形式 am We areare readingreading the text now 我们现在在读课文 助动词 be 用复数人称时的形式 are You areare readingreading the text now 你现在在读课文 助动词 be 用第二人称时的形式 are He isis readingreading the text now 他现在在读课文 助动词 be 用第三人称单数时的形式 is 将括号内的动词变为现在进行时填空 1 He do his homework 2 I drink tea 3 We look at the blackboard 4 She read a book 5 They clean the house 6 You watch TV 1 表示现在某时刻正在进行的动作 现在进行时态的用法 2 表示现阶段正在进行的动作 3 表示某种感情色彩 此时常与 always 连用 现在进行时可与 now at present at this moment these days 等时间的状语 也 可不用时间的状语 例句 My father isis listeninglistening to those students now 我爸爸现在正在听那些学生讲话 表示现在某时刻正在进行的动作 The workers areare buildingbuilding a new factory 工人们正在建一间新工厂 表示现阶段正在进行的动作 He isis alwaysalways helpinghelping others 他总是帮助别人 表示某种感情色彩 具体到本例句 是表示对 他总是帮助别人 的赞许之 情 按要求转换句型 每空一词 1 They re drinking tea 改为否定句 They tea 2 Tom is doing his homework 改为一般疑问句 his homework 3 sister his now work 连词成句 4 Tom and Mike are singing a song 对划线部分提问 a song 5 He s putting on his new shirt 对划线部分提问 6 The girl is riding a bike 改为一般疑问句 7 We are jumping 改为否定句 用心 爱心 专心4 8 My mother is making cakes 对划线部分提问 9 Li Lei is watching TV now 对划线部分提问 10 Lucy is thinking now 对划线部分提问 11 I m doing my homework 1 改为否定句 2 改为一般疑问句 3 就 my homework 提问 用心 爱心 专心5 一般过去时 构成 是是 动词一般过去时的形式是动词一般过去时的形式是 waswas 和和 werewere 不同的人称和数要用不同的形式 不同的人称和数要用不同的形式 I was 第一人称单数 we you were 第二人称单数 you were 第一 第二和第三人称复数 he they she was 第三人称单数 it 是 动词一般过去时否定式的构成是 在 was 或 were 后面加 not 疑问式的构 成是 将 was 或 were 提到主语的前面 例如 He was a teacher 肯定句 He was not a teacher 否定句 Was he a teacher 一般疑问句 有有 动词一般过去时的形式是动词一般过去时的形式是 hadhad 没有人称和数的变化 没有人称和数的变化 在英国英语中 其否定 式的构成是 在 had 后面加 not 疑问式的构成是 将 had 提到主语的前面 例如 You had a radio 肯定句 You had not a radio 否定句 Had you a radio 一般疑问句 在美国英语中 有 动词其实就是普通的实义动词 其否定形式的构成与其它实义动 词的否定形式无异 也就是使用相应时态的助动词 具体到一般过去时态的例句 You had a radio 肯定句 You didn t have a radio 否定句 Did you have a radio 一般疑问句 人教版 新目标 Go for it 初中英语教材偏向于美国英语习惯 行为动词的一般过去时用动词的过去式 没有人称和数的变化行为动词的一般过去时用动词的过去式 没有人称和数的变化 其否定式和疑问式要 加助动词 did 也没有人称和数的变化 否定式的构成是 did not 动词原形 疑问 式的构成是 Did 主语 动词原形 例如 He worked there 肯定句 He did not work there 否定句 They worked there 陈述句 Did they work there 一般疑问句 1 表示过去的动作或状态 一般过去时的用法 2 表示过去的习惯动作 3 用于谈论或评价已故的人 4 用于描述过去发生的事情 其它例句 Last year I livedlived here with my children 去年我和我的孩子们住在这里 表示过去的动作或状态 I tooktook a walk along the river every evening when I lived in the small village 我住在这个小村子里时 每天傍晚都要沿河散步 表示过去的习惯动作 Lei Feng waswas a good example to us 雷锋是我们的好榜样 用于谈论或评价已故的人 I waswas glad to see your father 见到你的父亲我非常高兴 用于描述过去发生的事情 一般过去时用来表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态时 通常带有说明过去时 间的状语 如 yesterday last night three days ago last month in 1965 等等 一般过去时用来表示过去发生的经常性的或反复出现的动作时 通常带有 every week 每一个星期 often 常常 经常 sometimes 有时 等时间状语 例如 My father often got up early last year 我的父亲去年常常早起 用心 爱心 专心6 将下列句子改为一般疑问句并做肯定和否定回答 1 She was in the classroom just now 2 They were three years old 3 He could see a bird in the tree 4 They could see a kite in the sky 他们可以看见一只风筝在天空中 5 They were in Grade One 6 Tom s father taught English 7 Phillip 菲利普 男子名 liked Chinese best 8 They flew to Shanghai yesterday 9 The Greens moved to another city 另一个城市 10 I went to the beach on vacation 11 We watched TV last night 将下列句子改为否定句 1 Tom s father taught English 2 Phillip 菲利普 男子名 liked Chinese best 3 They flew to Shanghai yesterday 4 The Greens moved to another city 另一个城市 5 I went to the beach on vacation 6 We watched TV last night 用心 爱心 专心7 一般将来时 构成 助动词助动词 willwill 或 或 shallshall 动词原形动词原形 构成 构成 ShallShall 仅用于第一人称 较多出现仅用于第一人称 较多出现 于书面语中 于书面语中 willwill 用于包括第一人称的所有人称 在日常口语中 第一人称经常用用于包括第一人称的所有人称 在日常口语中 第一人称经常用 willwill willwill 在名词或代词后常缩写为在名词或代词后常缩写为 ll ll 其否定形式 其否定形式 willwill notnot 常缩写为常缩写为 won twon t 一般将来时的用法 一般将来时表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的情况一般将来时表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的情况 例句 They say that it willwill rainrain 他们说要下雨 WillWill she comecome home next Sunday 下星期天她将回家吗 They won twon t havehave an English lesson tomorrow 他们明天不上英语课 用用 be be goinggoing toto 动词原形动词原形 表示将要发生的事或打算 计划 决定要做的事情表示将要发生的事或打算 计划 决定要做的事情 如 They rere goinggoing toto meetmeet at the school gate 他们打算在校门口见面 We rere notnot goinggoing toto havehave any classes next week 下一周我们不上课 有少数表示位置转移的动词如 有少数表示位置转移的动词如 gogo comecome leaveleave startstart arrivearrive 等 可以用现在进行时等 可以用现在进行时 来表示预料不久即将发生的动作来表示预料不久即将发生的动作 如 We rere leavingleaving on Friday 星期五我们就要离开 The President isis comingcoming to the UN this week 本周总统要来联合国 在主从复合句中 当主句是将来时时 由 if 和 unless n les 除非 若不 如 果不 引导的条件状语从句和由 as soon as before when 等引导的时间状语从句用现在 时表将来 注意 不仅是一般现在时 这就是我们常说的 主将从现 用括号内动词的适当形式填空 1 I leave in a minute I finish all my work before I leave 2 How long you study in our country I plan to be here for about two years And I hope to visit the other parts of your country What you do after you leave here I go back home and get a job 3 I be tired I go to bed early tonight 4 Mary s birthday is next Monday Her mother give her a present 5 It is very cold these days It snow soon 6 you be here this Saturday No I visit my teacher 7 I get a tutor for my little son tomorrow 8 I am afraid there be a meeting this afternoon I can t join you 用心 爱心 专心8 过去进行时 构成 werewere 动词的现在分词动词的现在分词 当主语是第三人称单数或第一人称单数时 当主语是第三人称单数或第一人称单数时 waswas 动词的现在分词动词的现在分词 过去进行时的用法 1 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作 2 表示在过去某一段时间里持续进行的动作 当然有时也可以有间歇 3 常常用来介绍故事的背景 4 有少数动词可以用过去进行时来表示在过去预料不久即将发生的动作 如 go 去 come 来 leave 离开 等 过去进行时的句子中一般要有表示过去时间的状语或状语从句 说明动作是在什么时 候或在什么情况下发生的 一般地说 句中如果有时间点加表示过去的时间的状语应该用 过去进行时 at eight last night 昨晚八点钟 时间点 表示过去的时间的状语 at that time yesterday 在昨天的那时 时间点 表示过去的时间的状语 at this time last week 在上个星期的这时 时间点 表示过去的时间的状语 句中如果有以上的时间的状语一般地说应该用过去进行时 例句 They werewere playingplaying cards from seven to nine last night 昨晚七点到九点时他们正在 打牌 He waswas writingwriting a story book last year 去年他在写一本故事书 One day a little monkey waswas playingplaying in a tall tree by the river A mother crocodile waswas lookinglooking for food near the bank 一天 一只小猴子正在河边的一棵大 树上玩耍 一只母鳄鱼正在河岸附近觅食 He said his parents werewere goinggoing to America soon 他说他的父母不久将去美国 用括号内所给动词的正确时态填空 1 What you do at this time yesterday morning We have English class 2 Bob Smith not look for anything when I saw him last Sunday morning 3 My father read a newspaper while my mother watch TV at 8 00 last night 4 When you join the army Jim Last year 5 She do some housework at that moment 6 What you do this time last night I go over my lessons 7 Bob lie in bed when I entered his room 8 It was five in the afternoon the students play football on the playground 用心 爱心 专心9 9 While Mum wash clothes Dad repair his car in the garage 10 Tom as well as his friends skate in the park from 8 am to 10 am this morning 用心 爱心 专心10 现在完成时 构成 助动词助动词 havehave 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 当主语是第三人称单数时 助动词当主语是第三人称单数时 助动词 hashas 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 现在完成时的用法 1 现在完成时表示动作已完成 但影响还在 2 现在完成时还表示由过去某一时刻开始 一直延续到说话时候的动作或状态 用于这种 意义时通常带有 for 表示动作持续的时间 或 since 表示 自从 以来 等表示一般时间的状语 3 表示在说话前发生过一次或多次的动作 现在已经成为一种经验 汉语用 过 来表示 现在完成时常和与现在有关的时间状语连用 例如 just 刚才 already 已经 before 完成时态的 以前 today 今天 recently 最近 等副词连用 表示现在完 成的事或刚刚完成的动作 现在完成时还与 for 时间段 since 时间点 构成的时间状语连用 现在完成时属于现在时态范畴 因而不能和表示纯粹具体过去时间的状语连用 如 yesterday last week three years ago in 1960 等 但是 可以和 already just before yet 等表示模糊过去的时间状语连用 也可以与 ever never once often seldom seld m 不常 很少 等词连用 表示持续到现 在的经验 表示在说话前发生过一次或多次的动作 现在已经成为一种经验 汉语用 过 来表 示 现在完成时用于这种意义时 可用 once 一次 often 常常 ever 曾经 never 从来没有 before 完成时态的 以前 等时间状语 例句 I havehave already postedposted the photos 我已经把照片邮寄了 邮寄 是过去发生的动作 对现在造成的结果是 照片不在我这里 HaveHave you seenseen her these days 这些天你见到过她吗 He hashas learnedlearned English for about two years 他学英语大约两年了 They havehave livedlived in Beijing since 1980 自从 1980 年以来他们一直住在北京 用动词的现在完成时填空 1 Wu Dong be a soldier for one year 2 The students study in the middle school since last month 3 How long you know him 4 Mike make quite a few friends since he came to China 5 I give my friend a nice book recently 6 Li Ping and Wu Dong see the old man three times 7 she ever teach you English 8 These children stay in the park for two hours 用心 爱心 专心11 过去将来时 构成 助动词助动词 wouldwould 动词原形动词原形 shouldshould 动词原形 仅用于第一人称动词原形 仅用于第一人称 I I 或或 wewe waswas werewere goinggoing toto 动词原形动词原形 也可表示根据计划或安排在过去的将来即将发也可表示根据计划或安排在过去的将来即将发 生的事生的事 例如 She said she waswas goinggoing toto startstart at once 她说她将立即出发 comecome gogo leaveleave arrivearrive startstart flyfly drivedrive 等表示方位转移的动词可用过去进行时代等表示方位转移的动词可用过去进行时代 替过去将来时替过去将来时 如 He said the train waswas leavingleaving at six the next morning 他说火车第二天早晨出发 She told me she waswas comingcoming to see me 她告诉我她要来看我 过去将来时的用法 1 过去将来时表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态 2 过去将来时常用在间接引语中 主句谓语动词为过去时态 例句 Late at night on November 28 1938 Dr Bethune got word that a battle wouldwould soon beginbegin 1938 年 11 月 28 日深夜 白求恩大夫接到通知说 一场战斗不久将打响 带时间状语 soon He said he wouldwould comecome back the next day 他说他第二天回来 带时间状语 the next day 如 the next day 确是说话人说话时刻的第二天 也可改用 tomorrow 如 He said he wouldwould comecome back tomorrow 他说他明天回来 用所给词的适当形式填空 1 He said that he the next day come 2 He told me she him that afternoon see 3 He said if it fine the next day he skating be go 4 I told him when I to see him and of course when I to see him I him go go phone 用心 爱心 专心12 过去完成时 构成 助动词助动词 had had 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 构成 构成 hadhad 没有人称和数的变化没有人称和数的变化 过去完成时的用法 1 表示动作在过去某一时刻之前完成 或在过去另一动作之前完成 它表示动作发生的时 间是 过去的过去 2 表示在过去某一时间之前开始 并一直延续到那时的动作或状态 例句 When we got to the airport the plane hadhad already gonegone 我们到达机场时 飞机已 起飞了 He told me that he hadhad beenbeen there since 1970 他告诉我一九七 O 年以来一直在那里 选择正确答案 1 I lost the book I A have bought B bought C had bought D had been bought 2 The bus had gone when I at the bus stop A have arrived B arrived C had arrived D am arriving 3 Tom of visiting his grandmother but the bad weather made him change his mind A has thought B thought C had thought D had been thought 4 Did you meet Tom at the airport No he by the time I there A has left got B had left arrived C left arrived D left had got 5 I to come to help you But you didn t come A have meant B had meant C meant D will mean 6 Finally Mary was admitted by Beijing University for which she five times A had tried B was trying C has tried D tried 7 I have bought you the books you want Oh good I afraid you had forgotten A was B am C had been D have been 8 It was not until I your letter that I realized what you A have read did B had read have done C had read had done D read had done 用心 爱心 专心13 现在完成进行时 构成 havehave beenbeen 动词的现在分词动词的现在分词 当主语是第三人称单数时 当主语是第三人称单数时 hashas beenbeen 动词的现在分词动词的现在分词 现在完成进行时的用法 现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在 动作仍在继续进行 例句 The young man hashas beenbeen writingwriting for more than three hours 那个年轻人已经写作了三个多小时了 We havehave beenbeen tryingtrying to be the first one 我们一直在争做第一名 用适当时态填空 1 When I arrived the supper already begin 2 They not catch the thief yet 3 By the time he came I complete the work 4 I not see him lately 5 I listen to the radio since this morning 6 I lose the pen which I buy the day before 7 By next Sunday she stay with us for three weeks 8 I felt much better after I take the medicine 9 He ll go out when he do with this book 10 I m tired of rain It rain since last Sunday 用心 爱心 专心14 初中时态综述及各时态的练习 时态是动词的一种形式 它包含两方面的意思 一方面表示行为或动作发生的时间 即所谓 时 另方面表示行为或动作进行的情况 即所谓 体 在不同的时间以不同的 方式发生的动作或存在的情况 英语要用不同的时态来表示 从行为或动作发生的时间来看 英语动词用四种时态 现在时态 过去时态 将来时 态和过去将来时态 从动作进行或完成的情况来看 每个时态又有四种式 一般式 进行 式 完成式和完成进行式 因此 英语动词共有十六种时态 现将初中阶段所学的九种时 态列表如下 时时 体体 一般一般 进行进行 完成完成 完成进行完成进行 现在 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 过去 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 将来 一般将来时 过去将来 过去将来时 我们已学过动词的九种时态 在这些时态中 我们一般是依 时 定 态 时 指 时间 即现在 将来还是过去 态 指 形态 或 形式 即一般 进行 还是 完成等 也就是根据动作发生的时间 确定动词所需的形式 例如 我们每天上一节英语课 We have 态 an English class every day 时 一般现在时 现在我们正在上英语课 We are having 态 an English class now 时 现在进行时 昨天上午我们上了一节英语课 We had 态 an English class yesterday morning 时 一般过去时 明天下午我们要上一节英语课 We will have 态 an English class tomorrow afternoon 时 一般将来时 昨晚八点钟我正在做作业 I was doing 态 my homework at eight last night 时 过去进行时 at eight 时间点加 last night 表示过去时间的状语 那个男孩收集邮票已经 10 年了 That boy has been collecting 态 stamps for ten years 时 现在完成进行时 动作仍在继续进行 各时态的练习 1 Mr Zhang is an English teacher He English well A teach B taught C teaches D has taught 2 Tom with other boys to go and the game A want watch B wants watches C wants watch D want to watch 3 Young man If you late again you ll lose your job A will be B were C are D have been 用心 爱心 专心15 4 If he harder he will catch up with us soon A study B studies C will study D studied 5 I ll go to the zoo if it tomorrow A won t rain B will rain C doesn t rain D rains 6 Shall we go shopping now Sorry I can t I my shirts A was n B washes C washes D am washing 7 you TV at the moment No you can turn it off A Did watch B Are watching C Do watch D Have watched 8 Look The sun down A go B goes C is going D going 9 Please tell me when we an English party Next Sunday A are going to have B had C have D have had 10 Look at those black clouds It rain Let s hurry A maybe B will C has D is going to 11 There a football match on TV this evening A will have B is going to be C has D is going to have 12 Jimmy is leaving for a holiday Really Where he A has gone B will go C did go D does go 13 Our country hold the 2008 Olympic Games in A will be Beijing B will Shanghai C is Shanghai D will Beijing 14 If you have any trouble be sure to call me A I am glad to hear that B I will Thank you very much C I have no trouble D I will think it over 15 Don t be late for class again Tommy Sorry I A don t B am not C didn t D won t 16 I called you last night but nobody answered the phone A Sorry I was out last night B Can I take a message for you C All right See you then D It doesn t matter 17 Well I found this I think it must be yours My watch Thank you Where it 用心 爱心 专心16 A do you find B have you found C were you finding D did you find 18 They said the eighteenth and last lesson quite easy A is B was C are D were 19 Someone at the door when Tom was having his supper A had knocked B has knocked C knocked D knocking 20 How was your weekend on the farm Great We with the farmers A enjoy ourselves B went fishing C will work D make friends 21 When the teacher came in the students about the new film A are talking B were talking C talked D talks 22 I called you yesterday evening but there was no answer Oh I am sorry I dinner at my friend s home A have B had C was having D have had 23 Rick Your jacket is wet through Didn t you listen to the weather report this morning No I didn t I was in a hurry Besides it when I left A hadn t rained B would rain C rained D wasn t raining 24 Some passengers were walking through one of the big halls at Charles De Gaulle Airport the whole roof fell down A while B as soon as C when D after 25 I didn t see you at the meeting yesterday Why I for a long distance call from my daughter in Canada then A waited B have waited C was waiting D will wait 26 Mum may I go out to play football you your homework yet A Have finished B Do finish C Are finishing D Did finish 27 What are you going to do this Saturday I yet A haven t decided B won t decide C am not decided D didn t decide 28 Mr Green in China since five years ago A lived B has lived C lives D is going to live 29 How time flies Ten years passed A have B has C is D are 30 You don t have to describe her I her several times A had met B have met C met D meet 31 Where is my pen I it here but now I can t find it 用心 爱心 专心17 A put B have just put C was putting D has just put 32 Tina Your aunt has you a box of chocolate A carried B brought C found D taken 33 It s 7 30 I can t believe you cooking dinner yet Sally A haven t started B didn t start C don t start D hadn t started 34 Sorry Mr Hu My father can t come to the parents meeting He Hainan A goes to B has been to C has gone to D went to 35 David Shanghai for more than three months A came to B has been to C has been in D has come to 36 you ever to the United States Yes twice A Have gone B Have been C Do go D Were going 37 What a nice bike How long you it Just two weeks A will buy B did buy C are having D have had 38 Anna could you lend me this book please I m sorry but I it for only two days I haven t finished it yet A have bought B have had C bought D had 39 Dongdong has Greener China for two months A joined B taken part in C been D been a member of 40 The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer for half an hour A has left B has gone C has been away D has gone away 41 The train is leaving right now but David hasn t arrived yet Well he said he here on time A came B will be C would come D can be 42 Why didn t you go to the movie yesterday Because I it before A had watched B