中考英语 阅读理解分类训练--科学小品篇素材 牛津版

1 SectionSection IIIIII 科学小品篇科学小品篇 Passage 23 Researchers 研究者 have announced 宣布 the result of two studies on the health effects of the drug aspirin 阿斯匹林 One study shows aspirin can sharply reduce the chance that a healthy older man will suffer from a heart attack 心脏病 The study offered two new results from earlier findings It said taking one aspirin pill every other day helped only healthy men over the age of fifty It also said aspirin gave the greatest protection against heart attacks to men with low blood cholesterol 胆固醇 levels Earlier in the United States began a major aspirin study in the early 1980s It included 22 000 healthy men doctors All were between the ages of forty and eighty four More than 11 000 of the doctors took a harmless pill that contained no drug The men did not know which kind of pill they were taking The doctors who took aspirin suffered 44 fewer heart attacks than those taking the harmless pill 139 men who took aspirin suffered from heart attacks Ten of them died 239 men who did not take aspirin suffered from heart attacks Twenty six of them died The researchers said the doctors study provides clear proof that taking aspirin can prevent a first heart attack in healthy older men They said however the result does not mean every man over the age of fifty should take aspirin They said aspirin couldn t help men who do not eat healthy foods who smoke cigarettes and who are fat The researchers said men who think they would be helped by taking aspirin should talk with their doctors first 1 The passage tells us that the new use of aspirin is A to treat heart disease B to reduce pain while one suffers from a heart attack C to help old people to be more healthy D to reduce the chance of a heart attack in old men 2 Aspirin can help those who A work as doctors B are under 40 years old C are fat and smoke cigarettes D are older and healthy 3 At last the researchers advised us to take aspirin A with care B as much as we like C every day D only considering the age 4 From the experiment we can conclude that about of people who suffered from heart attacks without aspirin died A 7 B 11 C 19 D 44 Passage 24 It seems to be strange to you there is a blind spot 盲点 on the eyes Here is an interesting experiment 实验 that can make something disappear when one eye is open Make a card about the size of a postcard and write two English letters L and R on it L on the left and R on the right First hold the card about 80 2 cm away and you see both the letters Then close your right eye and look at the letter R only with your left eye And now as you move the card slowly towards you you ll find the letter L disappearing But if you move the card nearer to your face the letter will be seen again Now do the same experiment with your left eye closed you ll find the letter R disappearing Why does the letter disappear It is because there is a blind spot on the eye When the image 影像 of the letter falls on the blind spot it won t be seen That is why either of the letters disappears 1 The writer of the passage thinks that there is a blind spot on the eye A few people know B no one knows C most people know D all the people know 2 The word disappear in the passage means in Chinese A 驱散 B 消散 C 消失 D 遗失 3 You fail to see the letter L in the experiment because A your eyes are poor B its image falls on the blind spot D your left eye is not open C you move it close to your eye 4 In which order 顺序 should you do the experiment Hold the card Move the card nearer Close your right eye Write two English letters Look at the letter R Make a card A B C D 5 The passage mainly 主要 tells us A how to find the blind spot B an interesting experiment C where the blind spot is D there is blind spot on the eye Passage 25 Different weather makes people feel different It influences 影响 health intelligence 智力 and feelings In August it is very hot and wet in the southern part of the United States People there have heart trouble and other kinds of health problems during this month In the Northeast and the Middle West it is very hot at some times and every cold at other times People in these states have more heart trouble after the weather changes in February or March The weather can also influence intelligence For example in a 1983 report by scientists IQ 智商 of a group students were very high when a very strong wind came but after the strong wind their IQ was 10 below The wind can help people have more intelligence Very hot weather on the other hand 另一方面 can make it lower Students in many schools of the United States often get worse on exams in the hot months of the year July and August Weather also has a strong influence on people s feelings Winter may be a bad time for thin people They usually feel cold during these months They might feel unhappy during cold weather But fat people may have a hard time in hot summer At about 18C people become stronger Low air pressure 气压 may make people forgetful People leave more bags on buses and in shops on low pressure days There are a good weather for 3 word and health People feel best at a temperature of about 18 centigrade 摄 氏度 Are you feeling sad tired forgetful or unhappy today It may be the weather s problem 1 can have a bad effect 作用 on health A Hot and wet weather B Good weather C Warm weather D High intelligence 2 People may have more intelligence when comes A a rain B very hot weather C a strong wind D low air pressure 3 Low air pressure may make people A forgetful B sad C angry D tired 4 In good weather of 18 centigrade A people are very forgetful B people can t do their work well C thin people feel cold D people are in better health 5 The writer wants to tell us that A hot and cold weather influences all people in the same way B weather influences people s lives C IQ never changes during weather changes D There is a good kind of weather for people s work and health Passage 26 Now satellites are helping to forecast 预报 the weather They are in space and they can reach any part of the world The satellites take pictures of the atmosphere 大气 because this is where the weather forms 形成 They send these pictures to the weather stations So meteorologists 气象学家 can see the weather of any part of the world From the pictures the scientists can often say how the weather will change Today nearly five hundred weather stations in sixty countries receive satellite pictures When they receive new pictures the meteorologists compare them with earlier ones Perhaps they may find that the clouds have changed during the last few hours This may mean that the weather on the ground may soon change too In their next weather forecast the meteorologists can say this So the weather satellites are a great help to the meteorologists Before satellites were invented the scientists could forecast the weather for about 24or 48 hours Now they can make good forecasts for three or five days Soon perhaps they may be able to forecast the weather for a week or more ahead 提前 1 Satellites travel A in space B above space C above the ground D in the atmosphere 2 Why do we use the weather satellites to take pictures of the atmosphere Because A clouds form there B the weather forms there C the weather satellites can do it easily D the pictures can forecast the weather 3 Meteorologists forecast the weather 4 A without studying satellite pictures B before they receive satellite pictures C when they have received satellite pictures D after they have compared the new satellite pictures with the earlier ones 4 Maybe we ll soon be able to forecast the weather for A one day B two days C five days D seven days or even longer 5 The main idea of this passage is that satellites are now used in A taking pictures of the earth B receiving pictures of the atmosphere C weather forecasting D doing other work in many ways Passage 27 Paragraph 1 Scientists have learned a lot about the kinds of people need They say that there are several kinds of food that people should eat every day they are 1 green and yellow vegetables of all kinds 2 citrus 柑桔 fruits and tomatoes 3 potatoes and other fruits and vegetables 94 meat of all kinds fish and eggs 5 milk and foods made from milk 6 bread or cereal 谷类 rice is also in this kind of food 7 butter or something like butter Paragraph 2 People in different countries and different places of the world eat different kinds of things Foods are cooked and eaten in many different kinds of ways People in different countries eat at different times of the day In some places people eat once or twice a day in other countries people eat three or four times a day Scientists say that none of the differences is really important It doesn t matter whether foods are eaten raw or cooked canned 罐装的 or frozen 冷冻的 It doesn t matter if a person eats dinner at 4 o clock in the afternoon or at eleven o clock at night The important thing is what you eat every day Paragraph 3 There are two problems then in feeding the large number of people on the earth The first is to find some way to feed the world s population so that no one is hungry The second is to make sure that people everywhere have the right kinds of food to make them grow to be strong and healthy 1 According to 依据 the scientists which of the following groups of food is the healthiest for your lunch A Chicken apples cereal and cabbages B Potatoes carrots rice and bread C Oranges bananas fish and tomatoes D Beef pork fish and milk 2 It is important for people to eat A three times a day B dinner at twelve o clock C cooked food all the time D something from each of the seven kinds of food every day 3 People in different countries and different places of the world 5 A have the right kinds of food to eat B cook their food in the same way C have their meals at the same time D eat food in different ways 4 Which of the following is not true A People in some places don t have enough to eat B There are too many people in the world C One of the problems is that no one is hungry D The scientists are trying to make people grow to be strong and healthy 5 If there is Paragraph 段落 4 what do you think is going to be talked about A When people eat their lunch B What to do with the two problems C How to cook food in different ways D Why people eat different kinds of food Passage 28 What do Napoleon Clinton and Wang Nan have in common They are all left handed Today about 15 of the number of people is left handed But why are people left handed The answer is the way the brain 大脑 works The brain has two halves the right half controls the left side of the body and the left controls the right side of the body So right handed people have a strong left brain and left handed people have a strong right brain The two halves of he brain are about the same size But each side controls different things The left side controls language math and logical 逻辑的 When you remember new words or when you put things in order you use your left side The right side of the brain controls your love of art colors and music It is also good at recognizing 识别 faces This does not mean that all artists are left handed and all accountants 会计 are right handed Some right handers have a strong right brain and some left handers have a strong left brain 1 The phrase in common in the first sentence means A the same B different C strange D interesting 2 People who are right handed or left handed are mostly decided by A their parents B their minds C the way the brain works D the way the head works 3 Each side of the brain A likes music and math B controls different things C controls the same thing D has two halves 4 When you are singing you are using your A logic thinking B heart C left brain D right brain Passage 29 Before you use your new microwave oven read the instructions carefully Each oven has its own control panel 控制板 but most microwave ovens operate in a similar way Look at the control panel shown here It shows the time at the top of the panel Under the time are the different functions 功能 6 You can press 按 Defrost Cook Clock or Power You can also warm food by pressing Reheat Times Under the functions are the numbers These numbers are shown as on telephone from zero through nine You can press the numbers to set the cooking time in seconds or minutes Under the numbers are Start and Clear A microwave oven will automatically 自动的 cook on HIGH power level 10 unless you enter a lower power level Suppose 假设 you want to cook a serving of broccoli for two minutes and forty five seconds on MEDIUM power level 5 First press the numbers 2 4 and 5 two minutes forty five seconds Then press Power Next press the number 5 At last press Start to begin cooking If you make a mistake press Clear This will clear the display and allow you to start over again 阅读短文 然后根据其内容回答下列问题 1 What is the main idea of the passage 2 What functions does a microwave oven have 3 How would you cook green beans for two minutes and thirty seconds at power level 7 4 What is the last function you press each time you set the controls 5 What does Clear allow you to do when you press it Passage 30 No one knows why we sleep but it s certain that we need to People who are prevented from sleeping begin to suffer obvious effects after a few days they think less clearly and they fall asleep during the working hours There are no rules about sleep Generally speaking grown ups sleep about 7 and a half hours each night and probably more than 60 percent get between seven and eight hours But perhaps eight percent are quite happy with 5 hours or less and four percent or so find that they want ten hours or more If you feel all right you re probably getting enough sleep The important thing is not to worry how much other people get their needs may be different Exercise doesn t seem to increase the need for sleep office workers for example sleep for about as long as people doing physically active work Children sleep more than grown ups perhaps 14 to 18 hours soon after birth going down to grown up levels by early teenage 青少年 Sleep patterns also tend 倾向 to be different in the old people who may sleep less at night than they did when younger find sleep getting more broken and often make it a rule to sleep during the daytime 1 Some people can t think clearly because A they have bad memory B they feel sleepy during the working hours C they don t have enough sleep D they are certain to be kept from going to bed 7 2 Whether you have got enough sleep is judged 判断 by A how many hours you have slept B how many hours you need to sleep C if you do exercise and physical work D if you feel fresh energetic 3 According to the passage a boy of 14 years old sleeps A as long hours as a grown up B much longer hours than a grown up C for 14 hours each night D for less than 8 hours each night 4 Which of the following is True A All grown ups much have at least eight hour sleep B Most of grown ups sleep for seven or eight hours C Quite a few people need only 5 hours or less for them to sleep D No grown ups sleep more than ten hours Passage 31 Some people want to be sent into space after their death others want to lie deep under the sea But most people want to go into the freezer 冷藏库 These are believers in cryogenics 低温冷冻学 Now some diseases can t be cured but they may be cured sometime in the future So some people hope that their bodies can be frozen after they die When a cure is found warm up his or her body bring it back to life and take the cure Once the body is frozen it is kept in liquid nitrogen 液态氮 at a temperature of 328 degrees below zero Now around a thousand people are going to take cryogenic treatment 处理 though most scientists say it won t work If we freeze huge creatures 生物 like humans every one of their cells 细胞 will be broken Can they be brought back to life in the future 阅读短文 然后根据其内容回答下列问题 1 Where do most people hope that their bodies are kept after their death 2 Why do they want the world to keep their bodies well 3 How do scientists usually keep a dead man s body 4 How many people are going to take cryogenic treatment after they die 5 Can a man who died of cancer come back to life in the future if his body is frozen Why SectionSection IIIIII 科普小品篇答案与解析科普小品篇答案与解析 Passage 23 答案与解析 本文介绍了科学家对阿斯匹林的研究成果 实验表 明 阿斯匹林可以预防或削弱老年人患心脏病的危险 但实际的效果和服用者的饮食有 一定的关系 研究人员说 服用可药品要遵医嘱 1 D 短文首段的末句 sharply reduce the chance that a healthy older man will suffer from a heart attack 即是本题答案的出处 2 D 注意 reduce the chance that a healthy older man will suffer from a heart attack 本句中的 healthy older 这两个词 即可得出答案 3 A 文章最后一段是说 尽管的这种新用途对病人很有帮助 但患者在使用时必须 格外小心 一定要严遵医嘱 4 B 根据 239 men who did not take aspirin suffered from heart attacks Twenty six of them died 一句中的 239 和 26 这两个数字即可算出 8 Passage 24 答案与解析 这篇科普说明文通过一个简易的小实验 证实了人 的眼睛里有一个盲点 当外界物体的影像落在盲点上时 人就看不见该物体了 1 A 仔细品读文章首句的意思 可知答案只能是 A 2 C But if you move the card nearer to your face the letter will be seen again 由这几个句子的意思可知字母 L 在眼睛中消失了 注意消失和消散的区 别 3 B 答案在 When the image of the letter falls on the blind spot it won t be seen 中 4 D 根据第二段的意思可知 此实验的顺序是 先制作一张卡片 在上面写上两个 字母 拿起卡片 闭上右眼 看到字母 R 让卡片离眼睛再近些 故答案是 D 5 D 通篇考虑短文 可知 D 为最佳答案 这由文首一句及 It is because there is a blind spot on the eye 也可得出 Passage 25 答案与解析 这篇短文告诉我们的是 天气的冷热干湿对人体健 康有很大的影响 比如心脏病高发区所在地往往是严寒或酷热 大风或炎热天气里 人 的智商会降低 瘦人怕冷天 而炎炎夏日对胖人又不利 此外 低气压还能导致健忘 1 A 根据文章第二自然段的描述可知 冷湿天气对人的健康是有害的 2 C 第三段的首句 The weather can also influence intelligence 说的就是 这个意思 3 A 本题属表层理解题 答案就在 Low air pressure may make people forgetful 中 4 D 由 People feel best at a temperature of about 18 centigrade 一句 可知 5 B 根据文章最后的 Are you feeling sad tired forgetful or unhappy today It may be the weather s problem 这一句 我们可以推测出作者的写作意图 Passage 26 答案与解析 这篇阅读材料向我们介绍了气象卫星在预报天气中 所发挥的重要作用 如今 许多国家的气象站都是在接收到卫星云图后 由气象学家进 行研究分析 然后预报天气的 在卫星的帮助下 人们可以预测未来三五天或更长时间 内的天气状况 1 A 本题属表层理解题 短文首句即是答案之所在 2 D From the pictures the scientists can often say how the weather will change 是该小题答案的出处 3 D 答案就在 the meteorologists compare them with earlier ones Perhaps they may find that the clouds have changed during the last few hours This may mean that the weather on the ground may soon change too 中 4 D 文章结尾的 Soo