八年级英语寒假专题——过去进行时沈阳牛津版

用心 爱心 专心 初二英语寒假专题初二英语寒假专题 过去进行时沈阳牛津版过去进行时沈阳牛津版 本讲教育信息本讲教育信息 一 教学内容 寒假专题 过去进行时 过去进行时态表示的是过去某个时间正在进行或发生的动作 其构成形式为 主语 was were 现在分词 构成 一般情况下 过去进行时态有一些提示性词语 如 at this time yesterday at that time 或由 when 引导的时间状语从句 过去进行时态用法简单列举如 下 1 肯定句式 过去进行时态的肯定句式一般体现为 主语 was were 现在分词 其 他 构成 其中凡是在主语是单数人称情况下一律用 was 但不包括 you 做主语 复数人 称情况下用 were 如 I was working We were working 2 否定句式 过去进行时态的否定句式构成形式为 主语 was were not 现在分词 其他 构成 was were 的用法与肯定句式的用法相似 如 I was not working We were not working 3 疑问句式 过去进行时态的疑问句式只需把 was were 提前放在句首即可 其构成形式 为 was were 主语 not 现在分词 其他 构成 如 Was she working Were they working 其简略回答形式用 Yes 主语 动词 或 No 主语 动词 not 如 Yes she was No she was not 其中 过去进行时态的现在分词构成规则与现在进行时态的现在分词是相同的 用法 一 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景 一个长动作发生的时候 另一个短 动作发生 常用的时间状语 this morning the whole morning all day yesterday from nine to ten last evening when while 例如 We were watching TV from seven to nine last night 昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视 What was he researching all day last Sunday 上周日他一整天都在研究什么 My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself 我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来 受伤了 It was raining when they left the station 他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨 When I got to the top of the mountain the sun was shining 当我到达山顶的时候 阳光灿烂 二 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情 时间点可以用介词短语 副词或 用心 爱心 专心 从句来表示 如 What was she doing at nine o clock yesterday 昨天晚上九点她在做什么 介词短语表示时间点 When I saw him he was decorating his room 当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间 when 从句表示时间点 三 在复合句中 如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的 那么主从句的动词 都可用过去进行时 例如 While he was waiting for the bus he was reading a newspaper 他边等车边看报 两个动作都是延续的 He was cleaning his car while I was cooking 他擦车时我在做饭 两个动作同时进行 四 通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有 agree be believe belong care forget hate have 拥有 hear know like love mean mind notice own remember seem suppose understand want wish 等 例如 误 I was knowing the answer 正 I knew the answer 我知道答案 误 I wasn t understanding him 正 I didn t understand him 我不明白他的意思 一般过去时 The past Indefinite tense 一般过去时 简单地说是表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态 我们首先来看看一般现 在时的构成 一般现在时的构成 a be 动词过去式的句式 否定句是在 was were 后面加 not was not wasn t were not weren t 一般疑问句是把 was were 提前并放到句首 要求首字母要大写 b 实义动词过去式的句式 肯定式 主语 动词过去式 其它 如 They had a good time yesterday 否定式 主语 did not didn t 动词原形 其它 如 They didn t watch TV last night 一般疑问句 Did 主语 动词原形 其它 肯定回答 Yes 主语 did 否定回答 No 主语 didn t 如 Did they have a meeting two days ago Yes they did No they didn t 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 did 主语 动词原形 其它 如 What time did you finish your homework 知道了一般现在时的构成 我们在看看在什么情况下 我们才能使用它 一般过去时的用法 一般过去时的基本用法 a 表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态 He suddenly fell ill yesterday 昨天他突然生病了 The engine stopped because the fuel was used up 发动机因燃料用光而停机了 用心 爱心 专心 b 表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态 I wrote home once a week at college 我上大学时每周给家里写一封信 He was already in the habit of reading widely in his boyhood 他童年时就养成了广泛阅读的习惯 注 表示过去的习惯性动作 除了用过去时外 还可以用 used to 或 would 来表示 She used to study late into the night when she was in Senior Three 她上高三时经常学习到深夜 He would sit for hours doing nothing 过去他常常一坐几个钟头什么事也不做 c 表示过去连续发生的一系列动作 She entered the room picked up a magazine and looked through it carefully 她走进房间 拿起一本杂志 认真地翻阅了起来 The students got up early in the morning did morning exercises and then read English aloud in the open air 学生们很早起床 做早操 然后在室外朗读英语 d 在时间 条件状语从句中表示过去将要发生的动作 We would not leave until the teacher came back 老师回来我们才会离开 She told me she would not go if it rained the next day 她告诉我如果第二天下雨的话 她就不去了 一般过去时的特殊用法 a 在虚拟语气中表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态 It s time we went 该是我们走的时候了 I wish I were twenty years younger 但愿我年轻 20 岁 I would rather you didn t do anything for the time being 我宁愿你暂时先不要采取什么措施 b 在口语中 一般过去时往往显示委婉客气 I wondered if you could give me a hand 我想请你帮个忙 Might I come and see you tonight 我想今晚来看你 好吗 一般过去时的时间状语有 a moment ago 刚才 yesterday morning last night week the day before yesterday 前天 just now 刚才 等 我们在前面讲过一般现在时 那一般现在时和一般过去时有什么不同点呢 下面我们 来看看两者之间的区别 一般现在时和一般过去时的比较 一般现在时要和现在的时间相联系 而一般过去时和说话的 现在 没有联系 His father is a film director 他父亲是电影导演 他现在还是 His father was a film director 他父亲曾是电影导演 他现在不是 用心 爱心 专心 How do you like the novel 你觉得这部小说怎么样 还在看小说 How did you like the novel 你觉得这部小说怎么样 已看完小说 讲了关于一般现在时的这么多方面 还有一个非常重要的知识我们必须学会 就是动 词的一般过去式 因为英语的不同时态主要是通过动词和时间状语来实现的 动词一般过去式的构成 a 规则动词过去式的变化可速记为直 去 双 改四字诀 一般情况下在动词原形后直接加 ed 如 wanted played 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词 去掉 e 再加 ed 如 hoped lived 重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加 ed 如 stopped 以辅音字母 y 结尾的动词变 y 为 i 再加 ed 如 studied worried 规则动词过去式的读音也有规律可循 请记住 清后 t 元浊 d t d 之后读 Id 清辅音 p k f s 等后 ed 要读 t 如 worked finished 元音或浊辅音 b g v z m 等后 ed 要读 d 如 lived called t 或 d 后 ed 读 id 如 started needed b 不规则动词变化 要逐一熟记 be 动词过去式有两种形式 主语是第一 三人称单 数形式使用 was 其他人称用 were 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或情况 一般过去时用动词过去式表示 动词过 去式按其构成形式有规则和不规则变化两种情况 规则动词的过去式一般直接在词尾加 ed 即 动词原形 ed 无规则变化的需要边学边记 其用法简单列举如下 1 肯定句式 一般过去时的肯定句式由 主语 动词过去式 其他 构成 be 作为主要 动词应用时 在主语是第一人称单数和第三人称单数的情况下 用过去式 was 其余人称 情况下 用过去式 were 如 She worked here She was here 2 否定句式 一般过去时的否定句式由 主语 动词过去式 not 其他 构成 be 在不同的人称形式下 变化与在肯定句式下相似 如 I did not work here We were not here 3 疑问句式 一般过去时的疑问句式把动词 be 放在句首或在句首加助动词 did 构成 be 在不同的人称形式下 变化与在肯定句式下相似 如 Did you work here Was he here 其简略回答形式用 Yes 主语 动词 或 No 主语 动词 not 如 Yes I did No I did not 一般过去时最明显的现象就是常由表达过去时间的副词或副词短语来修饰它 如各例 句的斜体字部分 这些常用于修饰一般过去时的副词有 yesterday yesterday morning afternoon evening just now 刚才 before 以前 then at that time 当时 last 时间 如 last week month year Monday January spring etc that 时间 如 that day afternoon summer etc 时间 ago 如 a few minutes ago two weeks ago years ago etc 过去 的概念并不是只指如 yesterday last week 等 实际上 与现在对立 用心 爱心 专心 的过去 亦即 非现在的以前 哪怕是 过了说话时间的几分钟之前 只要所要表 达的时间与说话时的 现在 形成对立 就必须使用一般过去时来表达 例如 He was here only a few minutes ago 仅仅几分钟前他还在这里 I came home just now 我刚回到家 在 A 项我们说明了 this 时间 today etc 的时间副词常用于修饰一般现在时 但 是实际上只要是 与说话时的现在 对立 就必须使用一般过去时 例如 I got up very early this morning 今天早晨我起床很早 He was late for school again today 今天他又迟到了 Drilling Square 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 A 进行时表某一行为的 片断 一般时表示行为的 整体 和存在的状态 I was reading the book at that time 未读完 读 的片段 I read the book yesterday 已读完 表整个 读 B 一般持续时间状语多与进行时连用 It was raining all night 优先用 was raining rained 为持续动词 故也可使用 He was writing a letter the whole of afternoon 短暂动词与持续时间连用 表反复 连 续发生 不可用一般过去时 C while 时间状语从句中用短暂动词时只能用进行时 例 He broke a chair while he was jumping up and down D while 所在主从句动作大致持续相等时主从句一般都用进行时 但若是持续动词可 都用一般过去时 两个动作一长一短时短的用一般时 长的用进行时 I was cooking the dinner while he was playing the piano 平行 I cooked the dinner while he played the piano I saw him while I was walking to the station 英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时 不用现在进行时和过去进行时 1 表心理状态 情感的动词 如 love hate like care respect please prefer know 等 若用进行时则词意改变 I m forgetting it beginning to forget 2 表存在 状态的动词 如 appear exist lie remain stand seem 等 3 表感觉的动词 如 see hear feel smell sound taste 等 4 表一时性的动词 如 accept allow admit decide end refuse permit promise 等 典型例题典型例题 考题考题 1 As she the newspaper Granny asleep 95 A read was falling B was reading fell C was reading was falling D read fell 分析 分析 时间从句的动作长 而 入睡 动作短 故前者用过去进行时 而较短动词用 一般过去时 选 B 用心 爱心 专心 考题考题 2 Tom into the house when no one A slipped was looking B had slipped looked C slipped had looked D was slipping looked 分析 分析 此题先要理解好 when 表 此时 说明主句中 slipped 是较短行为 而 look 是较长行为的片断 即汤姆溜进房子 此时没人瞧见 故选 A 为正确 模拟试题模拟试题 答题时间 45 分钟 一 仿照例句用所给的词汇造句 1 I see him he cross the street I saw him while he was crossing the street He was crossing the street when I saw him A the sun shine we come out B she study at college the war break out C she work in a factory the city be liberated 解放 D he lose his pen he go sightseeing in the city 2 I do my homework last night I was doing my homework last night A they have a dress rehearsal yesterday evening B my grandma visit my family half an hour ago C I travel in the south at this time last year D they build a power station at that time 3 she not at home that evening she look after her sick child in hospital She wasn t at home that evening She was looking after her sick child in hospital A it rather chilly yesterday the sun not shine B she ill that day she suffer from a severe headache C I not say anything but a struggle 斗争 go on in my mind D We be rather busy then we make preparation for the journey 4 war go on during all those years War was going on during all those years A a cold rain drizzle down all day yesterday B the whole night the wind howl like mad C in all those days they struggle heroically against the fascists 法西斯主义者 D for three weeks our forces push forward at a great speed 二 用动词的适当形式填空 1 While we wait for the bus a girl run up to us 2 I telephone a friend when Bob come in 3 Jim jump on the bus as it move away 4 We test the new machine when the electricity go off 5 She not want to stay in bed while the others all work in the fields 6 While mother put Cathy to bed the door bell ring 7 As I walk in the park it begin to rain 8 Even when she be a child she already think of 用心 爱心 专心 becoming a ballerina 芭蕾舞演员 9 It was quite late at night George read and Amy ply her needle when they hear a knock at the door 10 There be a group round the fire when they reach it An old woman sit on the ground near the kettle two small children lie near her a donkey bend his head over a tall girl 三 用括号里的动词的适当形式填空 1 There be some glasses on it 2 He go to the park every day 3 My uncle live in Nanjing now 4 Lucy and Lily like China 5 Li Lei not like to drink orange soda 6 The girl go home at 4 30 in the afternoon 7 Kate speak French Yes she does 8 Jim not ride his bike often 9 If he be free tomorrow he go with us 10 As soon as they get there next month he call me 11 Li Ming s father have his lunch at home 12 Tom not do the morning exercises often 13 I be hungry and my sister be thirsty 14 The baby have curly hair 15 Everybody have a chance to win 16 I clean my room once a week 17 Nobody tell them anything 18 There be a lot of chicken on the plate 19 Mr Li teach the second grade 20 The boy watch TV every evening 21 Mary play the violin quite well 22 David study Chinese and I study English 23 The game be interesting 24 Many children be on the playground 25 He have a good time at your party 26 I have a new bicycle 四 用所给词的适当形式填空 1 Tom and his father swim now 2 Look They run along the street 3 We practice hard these days because we will have a big match next month 4 What he do at nine o clock last night 5 They listen to the music at that time 6 When the headmaster came in the students read the text 7 We watch TV when suddenly the telephone rang 8 She make the paper flowers the whole night 用心 爱心 专心 9 A you studying English B Yes I am 10 Let s go out It not rain now 11 Hurry up Everybody wait for you 12 A you listen to the radio B No You can turn it off 13 I watch TV at seven o clock yesterday evening 14 A What you look for B I look for my wallet There is something important in it 15 Look It rain hard We ll get wet if we go out 五 选词填空 一 选词填空 1 I am is was were busy last week 2 Tom and I am are was were late for school yesterday 3 I walk walks walked walking to school the other day 4 Rose does not didn t has been has to visit her uncle the month before last month 5 There is was are were a lot of people in this village ten years ago 6 Mother am is was were ill in bed last night 7 It rain rains rained raining a lot last year 二 用括号中动词的适当形式填空 1 My uncle in London send a birthday present to me yesterday 2 When be you born 3 As soon as he arrived in the country he phone me 4 When I knock at his door he was cooking 5 We were watching TV when the light go out 6 He said he not like maths at all 三 用括当的词完成下列句子 1 you make this cake last night Yes I did I it for you 2 Did Tom home at five yesterday No he He came home at six 3 What you at the store I bought a camera 4 Were you at home yesterday Yes I 5 Where did you catch the fish I it in the river near my house 用心 爱心 专心 试题答案试题答案 一 1 A The sun was shining when we came out While sun was shining we came out B She was studying at college when the war broke out While she was studying at college the war broke out C She was working in a factory when the city was liberated While she was working in a factory the city was liberated D He lost his pen while he was going sightseeing in the city When he lost his pen he was going sightseeing in the city 2 A They were having a dress rehearsal yesterday evening B My grandma was visiting my family half an hour ago C I was traveling in the south at this time last year D They were building a power station at that time 3 A It was rather chilly yesterday The sun was not sh