宾语从句讲解及练习

宾语宾语从句 从句 The Object Clause 学学习习宾宾语语从从句句要要抓抓住住三三要要素素 连连接接词词 语语序序和和时时态态 一一 宾语从句的定义宾语从句的定义 宾语从句在复合句中 起宾语的作用 可以作动词的宾语 也可以做介词的宾语 作动词的宾语 I heard that he would come here later on 主语 谓语动词 一个句子作宾语 作介词的宾语 He said nothing about who broke the window last night 主语 谓语动词 代词作动词的宾语 介词 一个句子作介词的宾语 二二 宾语从句中引导词 宾语从句中引导词 连连接接词词 的用法的用法 在复合句中作主句的宾语 引导词有 在复合句中作主句的宾语 引导词有 连词连词 that that 常可省略 whether if 代词代词 who whose what which 副词副词 when where how why 等 连词 He told me that he would go to the college the next year 他告诉我他明年上大学 I don t know if there will be a bus any more 我不知道是否还会有公交车 Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam 没有人知道他是否会通过考试 that 引导的宾语从句 在非正式场合引导的宾语从句 在非正式场合 that 可以省略 可以省略 可跟可跟 that 从句做宾语的动词有 从句做宾语的动词有 say think insist wish hope demand imagine wonder know suppose see believe agree admit deny expect explain order command feel dream suggest hear mean notice prefer request require propose declare report 等 The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets Attention 宾语从句的否定转移 当主句谓语动词是 think believe suppose expect 等词 而宾语从句的意思是否定时 常把否定转移至主句表示 I don t think it is right for him to treat you like that 主句的谓语动词是 think believe imagine suppose consider expect fancy guess 等 并 且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时 从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来 其 反义疑问句 一般与宾语从句一致 I don t believe that man is killed by Jim is he 我认为那个人不是 Jim 所杀的 是不是 I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend won t she he We suppose you have finished the project haven t you 如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词 不包含带有否定前缀的词 如 unhappy unfair dislike 等 其反义疑问句要用肯定形式 We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully does he 我们发现他从不仔细听老师讲课 是不是 当主句的主语是第二 三人称时 其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致 Your sister supposes she needs no help doesn t she You thought they could have completed the project didn t you They don t believe she s an engineer do they She doesn t expect that we are coming so soon does she 练习题练习题 1 I don t think he is right A isn t he B is he C do I D don t I 2 He believes she is right A doesn t he B does he C is she D isn t she 3 I thought that he disliked playing football A didn t he B did he C did I D didn t I 4 I find important that we practice English every day A it B this C that D what 5 You can t imagine when they received the nice gift A how they were excited B how excited they were C how excited were they D they were how excited 在以下情况中在以下情况中 that 不能省略不能省略 1 当句中的动词后接多于两个由 that 引导的宾语从句时 第一个 that 可省 但后面的 that 不可省 I believe that you have done your best and that things will get better 2 当主句的谓语动词与 that 宾语从句之间有插入语时 that 一般不可省 Just then I noticed for the first time that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap 3 当 that 从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时 that 不可省 I can t tell him that his mother died 4 当 it 作形式宾语时 例句 She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him 许多带复合宾语的句子 that 引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部 而用 it 作形式宾语 5 当宾语从句前置时 That our team will win I believe 6 当 that 作 learn suggest explain agree wonder prove mean state feel hold 等动词的宾 语时 由由 whether if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时 用 if 或 whether 引导 意为 是否 如 I don t know if whether he still lives here after so many years 我不知道这么多年后他 是否还住在这儿 但在下列情况下只能用但在下列情况下只能用 whether 不能用 不能用 if 在具有选择意义 又有 or 或 or not 时 尤其是直接与 or not 连用时 往往用 whether if or not 也可以使用 如 Let me know whether if he will come or not Let me know whether or not he will come 让我知道他是否能来 I don t know whether if he does any washing or not I don t know whether or not he does any washing 我不知道他洗不洗衣服 I wonder whether we stay or whether wego 我不知道我们是去还是留 在介词之后用 whether 如 I m interested in whether he likes English 我关心的是他是否喜欢英语 We re thinking about whether we can finish the work on time 我们正在考虑是否能按时 完成这项工作 在不定式前用 whether 如 He hasn t decided whether to visit the old man 他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人 He hasn t decided whether to go by bus or by train 他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火 车去 whether 置于句首时 不能换用 if 如 Whether this is true or not I can t say 这是否真的我说不上来 引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用 whether 如 Whether she will come or not is still a question 她是否能来还是个问题 若用 if 会引起歧义时 则用 whether 如 Please let me know if you like the book 可理解为 b If you like the book please let me know 你如果喜欢这本书 请告诉我 只能用只能用 if 不能用不能用 whether 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 1 if 引导条件状语从句 意为 如果 The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny 2 if 引导否定概念的宾语从句时 He asked if I didn t come to school yesterday 3 引导状语从句 even if 即使 和 as if 好象 时 He talks as if he has known all about it 连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的 宾语从句要用陈述句语序 用于 这种结构的动词常常是 see say tell ask answer know decide show find out imagine suggest doubt wonder discover understand inform advise 等 连接代词连接代词 who whom whose which what 在句中担任主语 宾语 定语或者表语 连接代词一般指疑问 但 what whatever 除了指疑问外 也可以指陈述 Do you know who has won Red Alert game 你知道是谁赢得了 红色警报的游戏么 The book will show you what the best CEOs should know 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么 Have you determined whichever you should buy a Motorola or Nokia cell phone 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗 连接副词连接副词有有 when where why how 在句中担任状语的成分 He didn t tell me when we should meet again 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面 Could you please tell me how you use the new panel 你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗 None of us knows where these new parts can be bought 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到 练练习习题题 1 I don t know or not A whether he is at home B if he is at home C that he is at home D whether is he at home 2 This depends on the weather is fine A which B whether C if D that 3 The teacher asked the new student class he was in A which B where C if D that 4 I don t know Mr Green will come to see us He ll help us with our English A why B when C how D where 5 Be careful Don t break the bottles Do you hear I said David Yes Mum A what B that C why D if 6 Do you know Mr Black s address is He may live at NO 18 or No 19 of Bridge Street I m not sure of A where which B where what C what which D what where 7 There is not much difference between the two I really don t know A what should I choose B which I should choose C which should I choose D what I should choose 三三 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即 连接代词 副词 主语 谓语 其他成分 I don t know what they are looking for Could you tell me when the train will leave 练练习习题题 1 Did you find out A she was looking for whose child B whose child was she looking for C whose child she is looking for D whose child she was looking for 2 Are you interested in A how did he do it B he did it how C how he did it D he how did it 3 I don t know Can you tell me A how the two players are old B how old are the two players C the two players are how old D how old the two players are 4 What did the scientist say He said he wondered if into space by spaceship one day A he had to fly B he could fly C can he fly D could he fly 5 Excuse me sir Could you tell me A Where the bank nearest B where is the nearest bank C where the nearest bank is D the nearest bank is where 6 She asked Tom with his car A what the matter was B what the matter is C what was the matter D what is the matter 四四 宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态 时时态态 1 主句是一般现在时 从句根据实际情况使用任何时态 例句例句 The headmaster hopes everything goes well 2 主句是过去时态 从句须用过去时态的某种形式 例句例句 She was sorry that she hadn t finished her work on time 3 当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时 即使主句是过去时 从句也用一般 现在时态 例句例句 The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound 练练习习题题 1 It s 7 30 I can t believe you cooking dinner yet Sally A haven t started B didn t C don t start D hadn t started 2 The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 Christmas Day A is B was C has been D will be 3 The teacher said that the earth round the sun A goes B go C went D will go 4 We d like to tell you that you the exam A have passed B had passed C pass D will pass 5 Could you tell me Yes They to the library A where are the twins have been B where were the twins have been C where the twins are have gone D where the twins were have gone 6 Our father said that he a new computer next week A will buy B have bought C would buy D buys 7 I hear that he to Beijing yesterday A goes B will go C went D have gone 注意 注意 运运用用虚虚拟拟语语气气的的情情况况 在表示在表示 建议建议 suggestsuggest adviseadvise propose propose 要求要求 demanddemand desiredesire requestrequest 决决定定 decide 命命令令 order command require 坚坚决决主主张张 insist 等等动动词词后后跟跟宾宾语语从从句句 用用 should v 虚虚拟拟语语气气 Eg I suggested that you should study hard He ordered that we should go out at once 虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气的用法 虚拟语气是一种动词形式 表示说话人的一种愿望 假设 怀疑 猜测 建议等含义 虚 拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实 虚拟语气的用法 1 虚拟语气用在简单句中 表示祝愿 命令 如 May you be happy 祝你幸福 May you have a good time 祝愿你玩得痛快 May the friendship between us last long 祝愿我们的友情天长地久 Have a good journey 祝愿你旅途愉快 You go out 你出去 2 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中 动词 wish suggest order insist propose 等词后面的宾语 从句表示的是一种虚拟语气 宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望 要求 如 I wish she would be on my side 我希望她能站在我一边 I wish I could help him 我希望我能帮助他 He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means 他坚持要我们大家想尽 办法按时去那儿 动词 demand suggest order insist propose 后面的从句中 should 可以省略 如 The teacher suggested that we should clean the blackboard after class 老师建议我们 课后把黑板擦了 He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves 他要求学生每 周都要自己洗衣服 3 虚拟语气用在主语从句中 在句型 It is important necessary strange natural that 中 that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用 should 动词原形 如 It s necessary that we should have a walk now 我们有必要出去散散步 It s natural that she should do so 她这样做是很自然的 It s important that we should take good care of the patient 重要的是我们要照顾好病人 4 虚拟语气用在状语从句中 虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的从句 中 在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时 动词有三种时态形式 即现在 过去和将来 A 与现在事实相反的 If I we you he they 动词过去式 if I he she were I we should 动词原形 He you they would 动词原形 B 与过去事实相反的 If I we you he they had 过去分词 I we should have 过 去分词 He you they would have 过去分词 If I were you I should buy it 如果我是你 我就买了它 If I had time I would study French 如果我有时间 我会学习法语的 If she knew English she would not ask me for help 如果她懂英语的话 她不会找我帮忙 的 If you had got up earlier you could have caught the train 如果你早一点起床 就会赶上 火车的 If it were fine tomorrow I would go shopping 如果明天天气好 我就去买东西 明白了虚拟语气的用法就会明白什么时候需要用虚拟语气了 在表示说话人的一种愿望 假设 怀疑 猜测 建议等含义 或表示的含义不是客观存在的事实时需要用虚拟语气 简化宾语从句的方法简化宾语从句的方法 方法一方法一 当主句谓语动词是 hope decide wish choose agree promise 等 且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时 宾语从句可简化为不定式结构 例如 Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon Li Ming hopes to be back very soon We decided that we would help him We decided to help him 方法二方法二 当主句谓语动词是 know learn remember forget tell 等动词 且主句 主语与从句主语一致时 宾语从句可简化为 疑问词 不定式 结构 例如 She has forgotten how she can open the window She has forgotten how to open the window 注 当主句谓语动词是 tell ask show teach 等动词 且后带双宾语 从句主语 和间接宾语一致时 宾语从句可简化为 疑问词 不定式 结构 例如 Could you tell me how I can get to the station Could you tell me how to get to the station 方法三方法三 当主句的谓语动词是 order 命令 require 需要 等时 如果主句和从句 的主语不一致 宾语从句可简化为 名词 代词 不定式 结构 例如 The headmaster ordered that we should start at once The headmaster ordered us to start at once 方法四方法四 某些动词后的宾语从句 可以用介词加动名词 短语 等其他形式简化 例 如 He insisted that he should go with us He insisted on going with us The poor boy doesn t know when and where he was born The poor boy doesn t know the time and the place of his birth 方法五方法五 某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为 宾语 V ing 形式 作宾语补足语 结 构 例如 Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground 方法六方法六 动词 seem 后的宾语从句 也可以用不定式 短语 来简化 但句型需要进 行适当的变化 例如 It seemed that the boys were going to win The boys seemed to win 除上述方法外 还有一些特殊句式的转化 如 I found that it was difficult to learn English well I found it difficult to learn English well Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow They found that the box was very heavy They found the box very heavy 宾语从句练习宾语从句练习 1 1 The girls asked if they some food and drink with them A can take B would take C takes D will take 2 Catherine said that she to Guangzhou A has never gone B had never gone C has never been D had never been 3 The students want to know whether they dictation today A had B has C will have D are 4 She asked Linda if go and get some A could she B she could C she can D she may 5 Linda said the moon round the earth A travelled B has travelled C travells D had travelled 宾语从句练习宾语从句练习 2 1 Can you tell me you were born Betty A who B what C when D that 2 I don t know they have passed the exam A what B if C when D where 3 I hardly understand he has told me A that B what C which D who 4 She didn t know back soon A whether he would be B if would he be C he will be 5 I don t know he still lives here after so many years A whether B where C what D when 6 Do you know they listened to yesterday evening A what B when C why D how 7 He asked me told me the accident A whom B which C who D whose 宾语从句练习宾语从句练习 3 1 They don t know their parents are A that B what C why D which 2 Please tell me what last year A where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked 3 She asked me if I knew A whose pen is it B whose pen it was C whose pen it is D whose pen was it 4 You must remember A what your mother said B what did your mother say C your mother said what D what has your mother said 5 Did you know A who he was looking after B who was he looking for C who he is looking for D who he is looking after 6 Could you tell me A when will they leave Beijing B when would they leave Beijing C when they will leave Beijing D when did they leave Beijing 宾语从句练习宾语从句练习 4 1 I don t know he will come tomorrow he comes I ll tell you A if Whether B whether Whether C if That D if If 2 I don t know the day after tomorrow A when does he come B how will he come C if he comes D whether he ll come 3 Could you tell me the radio without any help A how did he mend B what did he mend C how he mended D what he mended 4 I want to know A whom is she looking after B whom she is looking C whom is she looking D whom she is looking after 5 Do you know where now A he lives B does he live C he lived D did he live 6 Do you know what time A the train leave B does the train leave C will the train leave D the train leaves 7 I don t know Can you tell me please A how the two players are old B how old are the two players C the two players are how old D how old the two players are 8 The small children don t know A what is their stockings in B what is in their stockings C where is their stockings in D what in their stockings 9 I can t understand A what does Christmas mean B what Christmas does mean C what mean Christmas does D what Christmas means Exercises 用所给的单词将下列句子连成一句用所给的单词将下列句子连成一句 1 What is her name I don t know 2 Where does Doctor Liu Live Do you know 3 What did he lose at the railway station Would you tell me 4 Why is the cinema closed I wonder 5 When did the accident happen Please go and find out 6 What foreign language can you speak I want to know 7 Whose box is it on the floor I m not sure 8 How much did you pay for the dictionary Please tell me 9 She is a teacher I hear 10 Does her aunt live in Paris I m not sure 11 Is Mrs Lee in the classroom I asked 12 Who will come to join us Do you know 13 My son is having a cold she said 14 Will it rain again tomorrow I don t know 一一 选择题选择题 1 Do you know how much hot water A Mum is needed B does Mum need C Mum needs D did Mum need 2 Can you tell me A where he is B where is he C he is where D what is he 3 I didn t know how to London A would they go B are they going C they would go D they are going 4 I want to know how long A has he been back B has he come back C he has been back D he has come back 5 Do you know A what the news are B what is the news C what the news is D what are the news 6 He said he would help me with my maths if he free A was B will be C would be D is 7 He will write to you as soon as he to Shanghai A gets B is getting C will get D shall get 8 Father music when he young A liked was B liked is C likes was D likes is 9 I liked sports I was young A so much as B so much that C very much when D very much because 10 mother got home I was tidying my room A After B When C As soon as D Before 11 The tea