高一定语从句.doc

高一定语从句语法学案 (S1B Unit 3)在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that，as等和关系副词where, when ,why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。第一部分 知识要点：（一）复习：词形先行词从句中成分关系代词that人或物主、宾、表which物主、宾、表who人主、宾、表whom人宾whose（of whom或of which）人或物定as人或物主、宾、表关系副词when(in/on/at+which)时间词状where(in/from/at+which)地点词状why(for which) reason状1. 由who, whom引导的定语从句：这类定语从句中， who用作主语，whom用作宾语This is the man who helped me.The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 2. which引导的定语从句：which在从句中做主语或谓语动词和介词的宾语。This is the book which you want. The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.3. 由that引导的定语从句：that在定语从句中可以指人或物，在从句中做主语、谓语动词或介词的宾语。（但不能直接放在介词后面作介词宾语）Restaurant is a place that people have meals at. at which people have meals. where people have meals.4. whose在定语从句中置于名词之前，充当定语，既可指人，又可指物。whose +n.= the n. of which/whom（=of which/whom the n.） 。Please pass me the dictionary whose cover is black. （指物）=Please pass me the dictionary the cover of which/ of which the cover is black. The doctor, whose name was Johnson, lived in a small town in the north of England. （指人）=The doctor, the name of whom was Johnson, lived in a small town in the north of England.5. 关系代词在从句句子中充当了成分，就代表了先行词的意思，所以在从句中不能出现重复指代问题。（二）确定关系代词和关系副词的步骤1. 先找到先行词。2. 分析从句结构，判断先行词在从句中所充当的成分，以从句主、宾、表、定、状各大成分有无残缺作为结构分析的突破口。3. 看清搭配，看清从句中的谓语动词，如果是及物动词后面无宾语，就要求使用关系代词；如果是不及物动词，则要求使用关系副词。关系副词when/where/why = 介词关系代词when I still remember the day when we first met. (when = on which)I still remember the day (that/which) we spent together.where The city where I was born is very beautiful. (in which)The city (that/which) I visited last year is very beautiful.why This is the reason why he left the company. (for which)This is the reason (that/which) he gave me. EX 1 I like to take my vacation in the mountain _ is quiet and beautiful. I like to take my vacation in the mountain _ there are many plants.2 We will never forget the day _ we worked. We will never forget the day _ we spent together.3 That is the reason _ he gave us for his action. That is the reason _ he did that thing.第二部分 难点辨析难点一关系代词 that、which和who的用法比较注意：在下面几种情况下必须用that而不用which引导定语从句：1. 先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等。All that we have to do is to practise every day.2. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰.The first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten. This is the best film (that) Ive ever seen.3. 先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰。I have read all the books (that) you gave me.4. 先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时.5. 先行词既有人又有物时.They talked of things and persons that they remembered.难点二介词+关系代词的用法1关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which或whom。The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.2但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置。Is this the book (which/that) you are looking for? 3常见的关系词与介词+关系代词之间的转化。when= in/at/on/during which There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.where= in/at/from which Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.why= for which Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?难点三定语从句与状语从句的区别1. 定语从句一定是跟在名词、代词或是一个句子后，起到修饰限定作用；而状语从句则是填补了整个主句所残缺的一部份结构，前面不一定会有一个名词或代词，即使有，两者间也构不成修饰限定关系。You should put the book where you took it. (地点状语从句)The caf is a place where I can relax myself. (定语从句)2. such.as 引导定语从句，as 在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语；such.that引导结果状语从句，that从句中的动词有它自己的宾语。It is such a modern machine that few of the workers know how to operate it. （状语从句）It is such a modern machine as few of the workers know how to operate. （定语从句）难点四定语从句和其它从句的相互转换例如： Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever = anyone who)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. （what = all that） They did what they can to help him. (what = all that)难点五 定语从句中的主谓一致问题主谓一致问题，即先行词在从句中充当主语时，从句谓语动词的数一般由先行词决定。 He is one of the students who/that have passed the English exams. He is the only one of the students who/that has passed the English exams.Exercise: 一用正确的关系代词，介词+关系代词，或者关系副词填空。1. She showed me the book _ she paid 5 dollars.2. He is the only person _ I want to talk to.3. Such people _ were mentioned by him were honest.4. We are in a position _ we may lose a large sum of money.5. The bank _ was opened last week is a very modern one.6. Is this the factory _ workers are working hard in?7. Is this the factory _ the modern cars are produced?8. The palace _ I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.9. This is the best film _ has ever been made.10. Is there anything _ I can do for you?11. The hero _ left leg was lost in the war is well looked after.12. This is the reason _ he left the company13. This is the reason _ he gave us for his action.14. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.15. We are living in an age _ many things are done on computer.16. Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _dont.17. Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago.18. The place _the bridge is supposed to be built should be where the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.19. To save money for my education, mother often takes on more work _ is not good for her health.20. That is the reason _ he doesnt like being in public.二选择题1. In an hour, we can travel to places _ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.A. whereB. whenC. whichD. what2. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _they can talk frequently. A. whoB. asC. about whichD. with whom3. I can think of many cases _ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay.A. whyB. whichC. asD. where4. Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work.A. he explainedB. what he explainedC. how he explainedD. why he explained5. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane.A. whereB. whichC. whileD. why6. The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A. whoB. about whomC. whomD. with whom7. The two things _they felt very proud are Jims gold watch and Dellas hair.A. about whichB. of whichC. in whichD. for which8.“Why does she always ask you for help?”“There is no one else _, is there?”A.who to turn toB.she can turn toC.for whom to turnD.for her to turn9.We shouldnt spend our money testing so many people, most of _ are healthy.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whom 10.These houses are sold at such a low price _ people expected.A.likeB. asC.thatD.which 11.The thought of going back home was _ kept him happy while he was working abroad.A.thatB.all thatC.all whatD.which 12.We went through a period _ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.A.whichB.whoseC.in whichD.with which13.I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A.howB.whichC.whereD.that 14.There was _ time _ I hated to go to school.A.a; thatB.a; whenC.the; thatD.the; when 15. That was the day _ I left Fudan University on.A. on whichB. whenC. in whichD. /16. My home village is no longer the same _ it used to be.A. whichB. asC. whereD. in which17. Mr. Black would never forget the day _ he was bitterly punished.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. when18. Will you tell us the things and people _ you know in your country?A. whichB. whoC. whomD. that19. I dont like such persons _ often lie before your face.A. whatB. thatC. asD. which20. The day will soon come _ man will set foot on another planet.A. whichB. whenC. whyD. where21. I like the garden very much _ there are a lot of beautiful flowers.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. in that22. The police found the knife _ John killed his wife.A. with whichB. whichC. by thatD. that23. This textbook is used by students _ native language is not English.A. whichB. whoC. of whomD. whose24. On the bus I saw a student _ I thought was your brother.A. whoB. whomC. heD. him25. The Civil War broke out on the day _ he was born.A.that B. on whichC. where D. when26. I can still remember the sitting room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. where27. I dont like _ you speak to her.A. the wayB. the way in thatC. the way whichD. the way of which28. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. when29. She is now a hardworking accountant _ she was not shortly after she graduated from the financial school.A. that B. who C. which D. what30. There seem few cities _ the movie superstar wants to go, for he has been to almost every corner of the world.A. that B. which C. whereD. /31. I just want to find out the reason _ she doesnt like me a bit.A. why B. for that