2011年高考英语 情态动词（教师版） 北师大版

语法专题六 语法专题六 情态动词情态动词 一 综述一 综述 时态往往和语态在出题方面结合比较紧密 而情态动词和虚拟语气也有类似之处 情态动词有一 定到意义 但不能独立作谓语 往往和后面到动词原形一起构成谓语部分 在不同到语境中表达不同到 情感和语气 从而突出语言在交流中到作用和魅力 情态动词在高考中所占的比分也比较大 往往出现在单选 完形以及改错题中 情态动词是每年 高考必出到考点之一 所以 我们需要很好到掌握这方面到语法常识 学习中 我们就结合历年的高考 趋势和方向来学习和掌握情态动词在英语中到应用 二 分类二 分类 一 can can t could couldn t be able to 二 should shouldn t must mustn t have to don t have to ought to ought not to 三 need 也可作实意动词 needn t dare 也可作实意动词 shall 也可作助动词 will 也可作助 动词 would 四 must may might could have done 表示 本 而实际上没有 三 高考试题引入 三 高考试题引入 1 Do you know where David is I couldn t find him anywhere Well hehave gone far his coat s still here A shouldn t B mustn t C can t D wouldn t 答案 C 2 My MP4 player isn t in my bag WhereI have put it A can B must C should D would 答案 A 3 She looks very happy Shehave passed the exam I guess so It s not difficult after all A should B could C mustD might 答案 C 4 May I smoke here If you choose a seat in the smoking section A shouldB could C may D must 答案 D 解析 由本题语境可知 空白处应表示 非得 之意 故须用 must 5 Helengo on the trip with us but she isn t quite sure yet A shallB mustC mayD can 答案 C 6 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone get out A had to B would C was able to D could 四 情态动词详细归纳 一 can could 与 be able to 1 表示能力 e g 我们当中的大部分人都会电脑 但是去年我还不会用 Most of us can use the computer now but I couldn t use it last year e g 他没能爬上山顶 He was not able to climb up on the top of the mountain e g He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain 2 表示客观的可能性 e g 有时候焦作的气温可能会交到零下 10 度 Sometimes the temperature in Jiaozuo can fall to ten degrees below freezing e g 焦作有时容易刮风 尤其在春季 It can be quite windy in Jiaozuo especially in spring 3 表示推测 表示推测时 一般不用于肯定句中 多用于否定句和疑问句中 e g 他不可能是我们的班主任 因为他已经去郑州开会了 He can t be our head teacher as he has gone to Zhengzhou for a meeting 对比 e g He may not our head teacher as he said he has gone to Zhengzhou for a meeting 他可能不是我们的班主任 因为他说他已经去郑州开会了 e g He may well not our head teacher as he said he has gone to Zhengou for a meeting 他很可能不是我们的班主任 因为他说他已经去郑州开会去了 总结 can t 不可能 语气最肯定 well may not 很可能不 语气比较肯定 may not 可能不 语气最不肯定 4 表示惊异或怀疑 常用语疑问语气 e g 那怎么会是真的呢 How can it be true e g 这到底是什么意思 What on earth can this mean 5 表示请求 口语中常常用 could 代替 can 语气更委婉 e g Can I go now Yes you can No you can t e g Could I come to see you tomorrow Yes you can No I m afraid not e g 要钱你能在等几天吗 Could you wait a few days for the money e g 明天早上 8 点你能到这里来吗 Could you be here at eight o clock tomorrow morning 6 在将来时和完成时中只能用 be able to e g 我确信我很快就能得到那份工作 I am sure I will be able to get this job soon e g 他们已经能够按时完成任务了 They have been able to finish the work on time 7 表示经过努力而成功地办到某事 用 be able to 不用 can 或 could 这里 be able to 相当于 succeed in 或 manage to e g 经过几年的努力 他终于通过了考试 After years of hard work he was able to pass the final exam 8 表示一次性的事情 多用 be able to be able to 一般不表示经常性的事件 e g 学完这个公式后 你就能够解出这道数学题了 After studying this formula you will be able to solve the math problem 9 can t wait 表示 急于做某事 相当于 be eager to e g I can t wait to read this story book 我非常渴望读这本故事书 e g I couldn t wait to see her 我渴望见到她 10 can not too 表示 再 也不为过 越 越好 类似的用法还有 can never too can not enough can never enough e g 我们做实验时越细心越好 We can not be too careful in doing experiments e g 饮用水越干净越好 Drinking water can never be clean enough e g 我认为一个人的知识越多越好 I think it right that one can not learn too much knowledge e g 我们无论怎么表扬他也不过分 We can not praise him too much 二 may 与 might 1 表示 允许 可以 e g May I ask you a question Yes please e g May I watch TV after supper Yes you may or No you d better not e g Might I use your telephone 比用 may 语气更婉转 2 表示可能性的推测 含有 或许 大概或可能 的意思 多用于肯定句中 用 might 代替 may 时 语气将显得更 加不肯定 e g 我听说可能还留有几本书 I hear there may be a few books left e g 他明天或许会来 He might come tomorrow 3 表示期望或祝愿 e g May you succeed 祝你成功 e g 但愿你有更多像今天这么愉快的日子 May you have more days as happy as this one 三 must 与 have to 1 must 表示 必须 应该 强调主观看法 只有现在时 其否定形式为 must not mustn t 以 must 开头的疑问句 其否定回答用 needn t 或 don t have to e g I must learn another language 主观想法 I want to e g I have to learn another language 客观所需 如 作为一个外交官 e g 你不许在这里抽烟 You must not smoke here e g Must I do it at once No you needn t Yes you must e g The play isn t interesting I really must go now e g I had to work when I was your age 2 must 表示必然的结果 e g 人固有一死 All men must die e g 如果你不快点 你肯定会错过火车的 If you don t hurry you must miss the train 3 must 表示肯定推测 多用于 must be 和 must have done 短语中 e g You re Tom s good friend so you must know what he likes best e g 长途步行之后你一定是饿了 You must be hungry after your long walk e g 你准是把你的包丢在图书馆了 You must have left your bag in the library 4 must 在反义疑问句中的用法 1 must 作 必须 解时 反义疑问句任用 must e g 所有的孩子必须尊敬父母 不是吗 All the children must respect their parents mustn t they 2 must 表示 有必要 的含义时 反义疑问句用 needn t e g We must tell her the news needn t we 3 must be 表示 推测 时 反义疑问句用 be 的适当形式 e g He must be thirsty isn t he 4 must have done 表示 推测 时 用 have 的适当形式 e g He must have finished the work hasn t he 5 must 还可以表示 非要 非得 硬要 偏偏 之意 表示个人的主张 e g If you must go at least wait till the rain stops 如果你非要走的话 至少也得等到雨停了吧 e g 正忙的时候 机器偏偏出毛病了 The machine must beak down at this busy hour 6 have to 一般表示客观原因所引起的 不得不 必须 其后面接动词原形 但是 have to 有人称 单复数及时态的变化 单三形式为 has to 过去式 had to e g We have to clean our classroom this afternoon e g Mr Green has to work on the farm all day e g He had to look after his younger sister yesterday 四 should 与 ought to 1 should 作为情态动词和 ought to 在词义上很接近 但 should 侧重于主观上的 应该 而 ought to 侧重于客观上的 应该 e g 明天你应该去到医院看看你母亲 You ought to go and see your mother in the hospital tomorrow e g 我认为你应该告诉你妈妈那个好消息 I think you should tell your mother the good news 2 should 可以表示语气较强的假设 意思是 万一 此时也可以将 should 至于句首 表示虚拟 语气 e g If anyone should come say I am not at home Should anyone come say I am not at home 万一有人来访 就说我不在家 e g If it should rain tomorrow I wouldn t go Should it rain tomorrow I wouldn t go 万一明天下雨 我就不去了 3 should 可以用来表示 意外 惊喜 不可思议 的事情 尤其在以 why who how 等开头的疑 问句中 常常表示 竟然会 e g How should you be so late today 你今天竟然来得这么晚 e g It is strange that the wheel should turn so fast 真奇怪 这个轮子竟然转的这么快 4 ought to 用于第一人称 表示有责任 有义务或有必要做某事 e g 我们应该尊敬父母 We ought to respect our parents e g 我们应该认真地完成作业 We ought to finish the homework carefully 5 用于第二 三人称 表示建议或劝告 e g 你应该听王老师的话才对 You ought to follow Mr Wang s advice 6 表示对现在或将来某种可能性的推测 e g 亨利应该很快就到了 他 6 点就从家出来了 Henry ought to be here soon because he left home at six 注意 ought to 没有人称和数的变化 后面接动词原形 可以表示现在 过去以及将来 对时态的 表示可以通过时间状语或上下文体现出来 ought to 的否定形式为 ought not to 疑问式需要 将 ought 提到句首即可 e g 他不应该做这件事 He ought not to do it e g 我们应该立即做这件事吗 Ought we to do it at once 五 need 与 dare need 与 dare 两个词既可以用作情态动词也可以用作实义动词 1 情态动词的 need 与 dare 用于疑问句 否定句或条件句中 其形式和其他情态动词一样 没 有人称和数的变化 e g He dare not tell me the bad news 他不敢诉我那个坏消息 e g 他问我是否敢一个人独自去那里 He asked me if I dare go there alone e g 她怎么敢做这样的事情呢 How dare she do such a thing e g you needn t tell him the bad news e g Need he do the homework immediately 2 实义动词 dare 有各种时态形式的变化 第三人称单数现在时要加 s 可以和带 to 或不带 to 的不定式连用 e g 我敢从我们的教学楼顶跳下来 I dare to jump down from the top of our teaching building e g He doesn t dare to tell her the bad news 他不敢告诉她那个坏消息 e g She lied on the bed not daring to make a noise 3 实义动词 need 有各种时态形式的变化 第三人称单数现在时要加 s 常用于 need sth 或 need to do sth 或 need sth to be done 或者 need sth doing 后两者的主语一般都是物 e g 我需要一本词典 因此我要去趟书店 I need a dictionary so I need to go to the bookstore e g We need to tell him the truth 我们需要告诉他真相 e g My car needs repairing 我的汽车需要修理 4 dare not 和 do not dare to 同义 都表示 不敢 之意 前者是书面用语 后者是口头用语 在 现代英语中 缩略后一般都用 He doesn t dare to go 的句式 而不用 He daren t go 的句型 e g 5 didn t need to 与 needn t have done didn t need to 表示没有必要做 实际上也没有作 needn t have done 表示本没有必要做 而实际上做过了 e g They didn t need to come here 他们不必来这里 实际也没有来 e g They needn t have come here 他们本没有必要来 实际上已经来了 e g You such a long essay the teacher only asked for 300 words but you have written 600 words A mustn t have written B needn t have written C didn t have to write D didn t need to write 六 shall will 与 would 1 shall 有 应该 必须 可以 可以表示说话人的 意志 警告 命令 允许 等语气 e g You shall fail if you don t work hard 警告警告 e g He shall have the book when I finish it 允诺允诺 e g Shall we start the meeting now 2 shall 还可以表示决心或决定 e g I shall go there along 我决定要自己去那里 3 will 和 would 可以表示 意愿 愿意 或 决心 e g I will do my best to help you e g They said that they would help us e g I will never do that again 4 表示估计估计和猜想猜想 e g It would be about ten o clock when she left home 5 表示向对方提出委婉的请求时 用 would 要比 will 在语气上显得婉转 e g Will you please tell me the way to the station 语气不婉转 e g Would you please tell me the way to the station 语气比较婉转 e g Would you mind telling me the way to the station 语气最婉转 6 will 和 would 还可以表示性惯性的动作或行为 意思为 总是 e g He will talk for hours if you give him the chance e g Everyday she would get up at six o clock e g The peasants often work by the light of the moon at night when I was in the countryside A used to B would C will D shall 七 情态动词 have done 结构的用法 1 can could have done 在肯定句肯定句中表示 本来可以做而实际上能做某事 是虚拟语气虚拟语气 在 疑问句疑问句或否定句否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定 表示推测推测 e g You could have done better but you didn t try your best 虚拟语气 虚拟语气 e g He can t have finished his homework 推测推测 e g Can he have got the book 推测推测 2 may might have done 表示对过去行为的推测推测 不能用于疑问句疑问句中 没有虚拟语气虚拟语气的用 法 Might 所表示的可能性比 may 小 e g He may not have finished the work e g If we had taken the other road we might have arrived earlier 3 must have done 用于肯定句肯定句中 表示对过去行为的推测推测 意为 一定 想必 其疑问 疑问 否定否定形式用 can can t 代替 参看 1 can could have done 表示推测推测 e g You must have seen the film Titanic e g He must have been to Shanghai 4 should have done 用于肯定句肯定句中 表示对过去行为的推测推测 本应该本应该 而实际上没有而实际上没有 其否 定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了本不该发生却发生了 可以与 ought to 不定式完成式 不定式完成式 have done 互换 e g He should have finished the work by now e g You ought to should have helped him but you didn t e g She shouldn t have taken away my dictionary for I wanted to use it 5 needn t have done 表示 本来不必做而实际上做了某事 e g You needn t have watered the flowers for it is going to rain 6 will have done 主要用于第二 三人称 表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测推测 e g He will have arrived by now 情态动词巩固练习 一 情态动词巩固练习 一 情态动词巩固练习 一 情态动词巩固练习 一 1 There s no light on they be at home A can t B mustn t C needn t D shouldn t 2 We hope that as many people as possible join us for the picnic tomorrow A need B must C should D can 3 What s the name Khulaifi I spell that for you A Shall B Would C Can D Might 4 We have proved great adventurers but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years A needn t B may not C shouldn t D mustn t 5 Black holes mot be seen directly so determining the number of them is a tough task A can B should C must D need 6 I think I ll give Bob a ring You You haven t been in touch with him for ages A will B may C have to D should 7 Could I have a work with you mum Oh dear if you A can B must C may D should 8 If it were not for the fact that she sing I would invite her to the party A couldn t B shouldn t C can t D night not 9 Some aspects of a pilot s job be boring and pilots often work at inconvenient hours A can have to B may can C have to may D ought to must 10 Must he come to sign this paper himself Yes he A need B must C may D will 11 My I some here If you choose a seat in the smoking section A should B could C may D must 12 Tom you leave all your clothes on the floor like this A wouldn t B mustn t C needn t D may not 13 John look at the time you play the piano at such a late hour A Must B Can C May D Need 14 He have completed his work otherwise he wouldn t be enjoying himself by the seaside A should B must C wouldn t D can t 15 I have been more than six years old when the accident happened A shouldn t B couldn t C mustn t D needn t 情态动词巩固练习 二 情态动词巩固练习 二 情态动词巩固练习 二 情态动词巩固练习 二 1 There be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school A mustn t B shan t C shouldn t D needn t 2 This cake is very sweet You a lot of sugar in it A should put B could have put C might put D must have put 3 The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wile animals for 13 years before she returned Oh dear She a lot of difficulties A may go through B might go through C ought to have gone through D must have gone through 4 The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it be very slow A should B must C will D can 5 Catherine I have cleaned the room for you Thanks You it I could mange it myself A needn t do B needn t have done C mustn t do D shouldn t have done 6 Do you know where David is I couldn t find him anywhere Well He have gone far his coat s still here A shouldn t B mustn t C can t D wouldn t 7 Lucy doesn t mind lending you her dictionary She I ve already borrow one A can t B mustn t C needn t D shouldn t 8 I ve taken someone else s green sweater by mistake It Harry s he always wears green A has to be B will be C mustn t be D could be 9 I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car They at least 150 kilometers an hour A should have been doing B must have been doing C could have done D would have done 10 He paid for a seat when he have entered free A could B would C must D need 11 Helen go on the trip with us but she isn t quite sure yet A shall B must C may D can 12 I often see lights in that empty house Do you think I report it to the police A should B may C will D can 13 You be tired you ve only been working for an hour A must not B won t C can t D may not 14 Who is the girl standing over there Well if you know her name is Mabel A may B can C must D shall 15 Mum I ve been studying English since 8 o clock I go out and play with Tom for a while No I m afraid not Besides it s raining outside now A Can t B Wouldn t C May not D Won t 高考链接高考链接高考链接高考链接 2007 2007 2007 年高考情态动词试题汇总年高考情态动词试题汇总年高考情态动词试题汇总年高考情态动词试题汇总 1 2007 全国卷 How s your tour around the North Lake Is it beautiful It be but it is now heavily polluted A will B would C should D must 2 2007 北京卷 In crowded places like airports and railway stations you take care of your luggage A can B may C must D will 3 2007 上海卷 Guess what I have got A for my term paper Great You read widely and put a lot of work into it A must B should C must have D should have 4 2007 辽宁卷 Turn off the TV jack your homework now Mum just ten more minutes please A Should you be doing B Shouldn t you be doing C Couldn t you be doing D Will you be doing 5 2007 江苏卷 She looks very happy She have passed the exam I guess so It s not difficult after all A should B could C must D might 6 2007 浙江卷 My cat s really fat You have given her so much food A wouldn t B couldn t C shouldn t D mustn t 7 2007 福建卷 My MP4 player isn t in my bag Where I have put it A can B must C should D would 8 2007 湖南卷 The biggest problem for most plants which just get up and run away when threatened is that animals like to eat them A shan t B can t C needn t D mustn t 9 2007 重庆卷 What do you think we can do for our aged parents You do anything except to be with them and be yourself A don t have to B oughtn t to C mustn t D can t 10 2007 江西卷 Where is my dictionary I remember I put it here yesterday You it in the wrong place A must put B should have put C might put D might have put 11 2007 安徽卷 The teacher have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn t have wasted time on him I suppose A should B can C would D must 12 2007 四川卷 What does the sign over there read No person smoke or carry a lighted cigarette cigar or pipe in this area A will B may C shall D must 13 2007 陕西卷 I told your friend how to get to the hotel but perhaps I have driven her there A could B must C might D shouldn t 高考链接高考链接高考链接高考链接 2008 2008 2008 年高考情态动词试题汇总年高考情态动词试题汇总年高考情态动词试题汇总年高考情态动词试题汇总 1 2008 江苏卷 I m sorry I at you the other day Forget it I was a bit out of control myself A shouldn t shout B shouldn t have shouted C mustn t shout D mustn t have shouted 2 2008 全国卷 Liza well not want to go on the trip she hates traveling A will B can C must D may 3 2008 北京卷 John promised his doctor he not smoke and he has never smoked ever since A might B should C could D would 4 2008 天津卷 She have left school for her bike is still here A can t B wouldn t C shouldn t D needn t 5 2008 上海卷 According to the air traffic rules you switch off your mobile phone before boarding A may B can C would D should 6 2008 辽宁卷 Peter be really difficult at times even though he s a nice person in general A shall B should C can D must 7 2008 浙江卷 You be hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago A wouldn t B can t C mustn t D needn t 8 2008 福建卷 It is usually warm in my hometown in March but it be rather cold sometime A must B can C should D would 9 2008 湖南卷 You don t have to know the name of the author to find a book You find the book by the title A must B need C can D would 10 2008 重庆卷 I can t find my purse anywhere You have lost it while shopping A may B can C should D would 11 2008 江西卷 What a pit Considering his ability and experience he better A need have done B must have done C can have done D might have done 12 2008 四川卷 Although this sound like a simple task great care is needed A must B may C shall D should 13 2008 四川卷 We had to make the corrections by hand as the computer do them for us A mightn t B needn t C shouldn t D wouldn t 14 2008 陕西卷 What sort of house do you want to have Something big Well it be big that s not important A mustn t B needn t C can t D won t 高考链接高考链接高考链接高考链接 2009 2009 2009 年高考情态动词试题汇总年高考情态动词试题汇总年高考情态动词试题汇总年高考情态动词试题汇总 1 2009 全国卷 What do you mean there are only ten tickets There be twelve A should B would C will D shall 2 2009 全国卷 I can t leave She told me that I stay here until she comes back A can B must C will D may 3 2009 江苏卷 He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently A could express B would express C could have expressed D must have expressed 4 2009 天津卷 This printer is of good quality If it break down within the first year we would repair it at our expense A would B should C could D might 5 2009 辽宁卷 The traffic is heavy these days I arrive a bit late so could you save me a place A can B must C need D might 6 2009 浙江卷 The doctor recommended that you swim after eating a large meal A wouldn t B couldn t C needn t D shouldn t 7 2009 安徽卷 Some people who don t like to talk muc