2011年高考英语 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the starsl要点梳理+重点突破 新人教版必修3

必修必修 3 3 UnitUnit 4 4 Astronomy Astronomy thethe sciencescience ofof thethe starsstars 要 点 梳 理高效梳理 知识备考 重点单词 1 astronomy n 天文学 astronomer n 天文学家 2 system n 系统 体系 制度 3 theory n 学说 理论 theoretical adj 理论上的 4 globe n 球体 地球仪 地球 global adj 全球性的 全世界的 5 violent adj 猛烈的 激烈的 强暴的 violence n 暴力 violently adv 猛烈地 6 atmosphere n 大气层 气氛 7 unlike prep 不同 不像 dislike vt 不喜欢 8 presence n 出席 到场 存在 present adj puzzling B puzzling puzzle C puzzling puzzled D puzzled puzzle 答案 C 解析 第一空用 puzzling 令人迷惑的 修饰 news 第二空指 迷惑的 表情 用 puzzled 10 Do you think life on Mars A it exists B there exists C it is existed D there is existed 答案 B 解析 考查 There exists 句式 意为 某地存在某物 exist v 存 在 11 All possible means However nothing can him dying of lung cancer A has tried stop B have tried keep C has been tried prevent D have been tried stop 答案 D 解析 第一空主语 means 是单复数同形的名词 有 all 修饰 谓语用复 数 且为被动语态 第二空 stop 和 prevent 都对 但 keep from 中 from 不能省略 12 I lost heart in English learning but my teacher often said to me Keep on working hard and you ll succeed A At a time in time B At a time on time C At one time in time D At one time on time 答案 C 解析 第一空填 at one time 曾经有一段时间 第二空填 in time 迟早 at a time 一次 on time 按时 13 2010 北京东城期末 Water which seems so simple and common is makes life possible A what B that C which D how 答案 A 解析 考查表语从句 名词性从句的解题原则是 缺什么补什么 此处表 语从句 makes life possible 中缺少 主语 同时 主语 不 表示 人 用 what 表示人时应该选用 who 或者 whom 所以选 A 项 14 you ve passed the final exam you can prepare for the coming holiday A Now that B As soon as C Although D If 答案 A 解析 考查状语从句 now that 可引导原因状语从句 意为 既然 15 Some parts in South China have experienced this year as they did last year A twice as much rain B rain twice as much C as twice much rain D twice rain as much 答案 A 解析 考查倍数比较 twice as much as 阅读理解 A Vincent Van Gogh 30 March 1853 29 July 1890 was a Dutch post Impressionist artist He was considered one of the greatest artists with great influence on 20th century art Van Gogh spent his early adult life working for a firm of art dealers After a brief period as a teacher he became a missionary 传教士 worker in a very poor mining region He did not begin his career as an artist until 1880 however during the last ten years of his life he produced more than 2 000 pieces including around 900 paintings and 1 100 drawings and sketches 素 描 He worked only with sombre 昏暗的 colours until he met Impressionism and neo Impressionism in Paris Van Gogh incorporated 合并 their brighter colours and style of painting into a uniquely recognizable style Most of his best known works were produced during his final two years when he was suffering from serious mental illness In 1890 at the age of 37 Van Gogh shot himself in the chest He died two days later with Theo his brother and his best friend at his side who reported his last words as The sadness will last forever Theo unable to come to terms with his brother s death died 6 months later and was buried next to him It would not take long before his fame grew higher and higher Vincent Van Gogh s mother threw away quite a number of his paintings during Vincent s life and even after his death But she would live long enough to see her son become a world famous painter The only painting he sold during his lifetime The Red Vineyard was created in 1888 It is now on display in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow Russia Several paintings by Van Gogh rank among the most expensive paintings in the world On March 30 1987 Van Gogh s painting Irises was sold for a record 53 9 million at Southeby s New York On May 15 1990 his Portrait of Doctor Gachet was sold for 82 5 million at Christie s thus establishing a new price record 1 What s the right order of Van Gogh s life experience a worked as a teacher b took up drawing c worked in an art firm d worked as a missionary worker A c a b d B c a d b C b c a d D b a c d 答案及解析 1 B 细节题 由第三段可知 B 项正确叙述了梵高的人生经历 2 Which words can best describe Van Gogh s later years A Sad and boring B Normal and peaceful C Happy but fruitless D Painful but productive 答案解析 D 推断题 根据文章可知 梵高晚年患有严重的精神疾病 serious mental illness 而他的大部分著名作品创造于生命的最后两 年 由此可以判断他的晚年是 痛苦而又多产的 3 Why did Van Gogh kill himself A Because he was a failure as an artist B Because he had an unhappy family C Because he lost his beloved brother D Because he was suffering from mental illness 答案解析 D 细节题 第二段结尾告诉我们 梵高晚年患有严重的精神疾 病 第 dg 段开头接着说梵高自杀 由此可知 D 项正确 4 What can we learn from the passage A Van Gogh didn t become famous until he died B Van Gogh drew and sold many paintings in his life C Van Gogh achieved great success during his lifetime D Van Gogh drew most of his paintings between 1888 and 1890 4 答案解析 A 推断题 结合最后一段开头 The only painting he sold during his lifetime 和第三段结尾 It would not take long before his fame grew higher and higher 可以判断梵高生前并不辉煌 只是死 后才声名大噪 故 A 项正确 本文是一篇对比文 特点是平行论述 没有主次之分 作者不发表态度 和结论 一般两种观点的开头可当做文章主旨 B Some futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge 剧增 of women in the workforce may portend a rejection of marriage Many women according to this hypothesis would rather work than marry The converse 反面 of this concern is that the prospects of becoming a multi paycheck household could encourage marriage In the past only the earnings and financial prospects of the man counted in the marriage decision Now however the earning ability of a woman can make her more attractive as a marriage partner Data show that economic downturns tend to putting off marriage because the parties cannot afford to establish a family or are concerned about rainy days ahead As the economy comes to life the number of marriages also rises The increase in divorce rates follows to the increase in women working outside the home Yet it may be wrong to jump to any simple cause and effect conclusions The impact of a wife s work on divorce is no less cloudy than its impact on marriage decisions The realization that she can be a good provider may increase the chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfactory marriage But the reverse is equally plausible 似是而非的 Tensions grounded in financial problems often play a key role in ending a marriage By raising a family s standard of living a working wife may strengthen her family s financial and emotional stability Psychological factors also should be considered For example a wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the house She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce On the other hand if she can find fulfillment through work outside the home work and marriage can go together to create a stronger and more stable union Also a major part of women s inequality in marriage has been due to the fact that in most cases men have remained the main breadwinners A working wife may rob a husband of being the master of the house Depending upon how the couple reacts to these new conditions it could create a stronger equal partnership or it could create new insecurities 5 The word portend line 2 para 1 is closest in meaning to A defy B signal C suffer from D result from 答案解析 B 词义题 根据句意不难理解 portend 是 预示 的意思 signal 也有 显示 的意思 defy 不服从 反抗 suffer from 忍受 遭 受 result from 由 产生 6 It is said in the passage that when the economy slides A men would choose working women as their marriage partners B more women would get married to seek financial security C even working women would worry about their marriages D more people would prefer to remain single for the time being 6 答案解析 D 细节题 题干的 the economy slides 等于原文的 economic downturns 第一段提到经济低迷时期人们倾向推迟婚姻 因为 双方不能承担一个家庭或者担心更窘迫的日子 D 符合原文意思 7 If women find fulfillment through work outside the home A they are more likely to dominate their marriage partners B their husbands are expected to do more housework C their marriage ties can be strengthened D they tend to put their career before marriage 答案解析 C 细节题 第三段最后一句可知选项 C 正确 8 One reason why women with no career may seek a divorce is that A they feel that they have been ro