定语从句学案VIP

1 定语从句讲与练定语从句讲与练 1 定语的概念 定语是用来修饰名词或代词的 我们先试试用横线划出下面短语中的定语 再在后面的括号里注明是什么在作定语 a beautiful girl three boys a shoe factory Jim s father our teacher the man in the car the man standing at the door the man who is talking with Sam 二 定语从句的概念 1 定语从句 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 定语从句 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 2 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词 先行词 定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后 3 引导定语从句的词叫关系词关系词 代替先行词 请划出下列句子中的定语从句 先行词及关系词 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman 定语从句的主要特征 1 关系词要在从句中充当一定的成分 2 what 永远不能引导定语从句 3 翻译时先译从句 翻译成 的 三 定语从句的基本用法 定语从句的引导词 关系代词 6 关系副词 3 1 关系代词引导的定语从句 1 who 指 在定语从句中作 语 有时也作 语 可省略 The boys who are playing football are from Class One 分析 先行词 关系代词 在从句中作 语 who 不能 Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning 分析 先行词 关系代词 在从句中作 语 who 不能 Mr smith who you met yesterday is my friend 分析 先行词 关系代词 在从句中作 语 who 可以 You needn t talk to the people who you don t like talking to 分析 先行词 关系代词 在从句中作 语 who 可以 2 whom 指 在定语从句中做 语 常可省略 2 Mr Liu is the person whom you talked about on the bus 分析 先行词 关系代词 在从句中作 语 可以 Li Ming is just the boy whom I want to see 分析 先行词 关系代词 在从句中作 语 可以 The man whom who you met just now is my old friend 3 whose 通常指 也可指 在定语从句中做 语 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country 分析 先行词 关系代词 在从句中作 语 相当于 I lost the book whose cover was blue 分析 先行词 关系代词 在从句中作 语 相当于 注意 注意 常用下列结构来代替 常用下列结构来代替 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired Do you like the book whose cover is yellow Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow 自己总结一下 在定语从句中 whose 名词 4 which 指 在定语从句中做 语或 语 做 语时常可省略 Football is a game which is liked by most boys 分析 先行词 关系代词 在从句中作 语 省略 The factory which makes computers is far away from here 分析 先行词 关系代词 在从句中作 语 省略 This is the pen which he bought yesterday 分析 先行词 关系代词 在从句中作 语 省略 The film which they went to see last night was not interesting at all 分析 先行词 关系代词 在从句中作 语 省略 5 that 引导定语从句时 既可以指 也可以指 指人时 相当于 who 或 whom 指物时 相 当于 which 在定语从句中作 语或 语 作宾语时常可省略 The number of people that who come to visit this city each year reaches one million 分析 先行词 关系代词 在从句中作 语 省略 Where is the man that whom I saw this morning 分析 先行词 关系代词 在从句中作 语 省略 练习 The person that you introduced to me is very kind The season that comes after spring is summer 2 关系副词引导的定语从句 1 when 指时间 在定语从句中作 常可以用 in on at which 代替 3 I still remember the day when I first came to this school 分析 先行词 关系副词 在从句中作 语 相当于 The time when we got together finally arrived 分析 先行词 关系副词 在从句中作 语 相当于 October 1 1949 was the day when the People s Republic of China was founded 把这个句子改成两个简单句 1 2 Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents 把这个句子改成两个简单句 1 2 2 where 指地点 在定语从句中作 常可用 in on at which 代替 Lanzhou is the city where I was born 分析 先行词 关系副词 在从句中作 语 相当于 把这个句子改成两个简单句 1 2 The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down 分析 先行词 关系副词 在从句中作 语 相当于 把这个句子改成两个简单句 1 2 注意 注意 当先行词是当先行词是 stage situation occasion point 时 且又在从句中作状语时 常用时 且又在从句中作状语时 常用 where 来引导定语从句来引导定语从句 Sometimes you will find yourself in a situation where you felt very embarrassed 尴尬 He has reached a point where nobody can compare with him 3 why 指原因 在定语从句中作 常可用 for which 来代替 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane 分析 先行词 关系副词 在从句中作 语 相当于 把这个句子改成两个简单句 1 2 The reason why he was punished is unknown to us 分析 先行词 关系副词 在从句中作 语 相当于 把这个句子改成两个简单句 1 2 总结 关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用 介词 关系代词 引导的定语从句来表示 如 I will never forget the moment when the blind students moved us Great changes are taking place in the city where they live The reason why he refused the invitation is quite clear 4 4 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句举例 The teacher told me Tom was the only person that I could depend on China is a country which has a long history 非限制性定语从句举例 His mother who loves him very much is strict with him China which was founded in 1949 is becoming more and more powerful Last summer I visited the People s Great Hall in which many important meetings are held every year 注意注意 1 在非限制性定语从句中 有时 which 所指代的先行词是前面的整个句子 Xiao Li came to see me off which was very kind of her He didn t pass the exam which surprised us 注意注意 2 引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用 that 指人时用 who 主语 whom 宾语且不省 指物时须用 which 注意注意 3 as 与与 which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别引导非限制性定语从句的区别 The earth is round which is known to everyone 译 The earth is round as is known to everyone 译 总结 1 意义不同 2 Which 引导的非限定从句只能放在主句后 而 as 引导的非限定从句 5 定语从句考查重点 一 先行词是物时 定语从句在下列情况下只能用 一 先行词是物时 定语从句在下列情况下只能用 that 而不能用 而不能用 which Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world All that can be done has been done 5 There is little that I can do for you He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed 总结 1 当先行词是 词 everything anything nothing something all none few little some much 等代词时 或当先行词被 every any all some no little few much 等代词修饰时 This is the best film that I have ever seen The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben 总结 2 当先行词被 修饰时 This is the very dictionary that I want to buy After the fire in his house the old car is the only thing that he owns 总结 3 当先行词被 the same the last 修饰时 They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street 总结 4 当先行词既有 又有 时 Who is the man that is standing by the gate Which is the T shirt that fits me most 口诀记忆法 口诀记忆法 总结 在 who 或 which 引导的 问中 思考 什么时候只能思考 什么时候只能 which 而不能用而不能用 that 呢 呢 1 在 中 2 在 之后 二 二 介词介词 关系代词关系代词 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时 从句常常由 介词 关系代词 引出 The school which that he once studied in is very famous The school he once studied is very famous This is the boy whom who that I played tennis with yesterday This is the boy I played tennis yesterday We ll go to hear the famous singer whom who that we have often talked about We ll go to hear the famous singer we have often talked The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions The manager I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions 注意 注意 含有介词的固定短语动词一般不拆开 介词仍放在短语动词的后面 含有介词的固定短语动词一般不拆开 介词仍放在短语动词的后面 如 look for look after take care of give up 等 This is the watch which that I am looking for 正 This is the watch for which I am looking 误 The babies whom who that the nurse is looking after are very healthy 6 The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy 若介词放在关系代词前 指人时只可用 若介词放在关系代词前 指人时只可用 whom 指物时只可用 指物时只可用 which The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour 正 The man with that who you talked just now is my neighbour 误 The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable 有时介词前有 有时介词前有 some any none all both neither many most each few 等词 等词 He loves his parents deeply both of whom are very kind to him In the basket there are quite many apples some of which have gone bad There are forty students in our class in all most of whom are from big cities Up to now he has written ten stories three of which are about country life 4 当先行词被当先行词被 one of 和和 the only one of 修饰时的区别修饰时的区别 He is one of the students who never late 译 He is the only one of the students who never late 译 5 当先行词是当先行词是 when where why 时的正确使用 时的正确使用 I will never forget the days we climbed the mountain together I will never forget the days we spent together We visited the house Lu Xun used to live We visited the house Lu Xun used to live in This is the reason he was unhappy This is the reason he explained to me 6 当先行词被当先行词被 such the same 修饰时 关系词常用修饰时 关系词常用 as I ve never heard such stories as he tells 我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事 He is not such a fool as he looks 他可不象他看上去的那样傻 This is the same dictionary as I lost last week 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样 注意区别 注意区别 She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary s wedding 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙 She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙 7 当先行词为当先行词为 the way 时 通常由时 通常由 in which 或或 that 引导 也可省略 引导 也可省略 The way he answered the questions was surprising I don t like the way you laugh at her 7 提升练习 1 After the flooding people were suffering in that area urgently needed clean water A which B Who C where D what 2 It is the third time that she has won the race has surprised us all A That B Where C which D what 3 The prize will go to the writer story shows the most imagination A That B Which C whose D what 4 By 16 30 was almost closing time nearly all the paintings had been sold A Which B When C what D that 5 We live in an age more information is available to everyone A Why B When C to whom D on which 6 Sales director is a position communication ability is just as important as sales A Which B That C when D where 7 2012 山东高考 Maria has written two novels both of have been made into television series A Them B That C which D what 8 2012 四川高考 In o