动词不定式的用法

动词不定式的用法动词不定式的用法 在初中时 我们就学过动词不定式 现就其用法归纳如下 动词不定式在句中可充当主语 表语 宾语 宾补 定语和状语等 一 作主语一 作主语 动词不定式作主语可位于句首 例如 To learn a skill is very important for everyone in society 也可使用 it 作形式主语 而将其置于句末 例如 It is necessary for young students to learn a foreign language 动词不定式作主语的常用句型有 1 It is adj n for sb sth to do sth 用于此句型的形容词有 easy hard difficult possible important impossible necessary good bad exciting interesting surprising 等 例如 It is interesting to play this game It is necessary for you to change your job It was impossible for them to complete the task in such a short time 考例 1 Is possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship 88 MET A now B man C that D it 用于此句型的名词有 pity shame pleasure one s duty one s job fun joy good manners bad manners 等 例如 What a pity it is for you to have missed such a wonderful film It is good manners for the young to give their seats to the old 2 It is adj of sb to do sth 该句型中只能使用描述某人的品德 特征的形容词 如 kind nice wise silly polite impolite friendly foolish clever 等 例如 How rude it was of the boy to jump the queue It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel at home in their house How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance 3 It takes sb some time to do sth 该句型意为 做某事花费某人多长时间 例如 It took us half an hour to ride to the town by bike 二 作表语二 作表语 动词不定式作表语常用于以下结构 My wish job aim goal is 及 The next step measure is 等 例如 Your job is to type the papers in the office The next measure is to stop the river from being polluted 三 作宾语三 作宾语 常见的只能使用动词不定式作宾语的动词有 agree choose decide hope fail wish refuse expect manage plan intend pretend promise offer afford demand arrange 等 例如 They decided to build a highway between these two cities She offered to help me when I was in trouble believe think consider feel make 等动词可用于 动词 it adj n to do sth 句型 其中使用 it 作形式宾语 而将真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末 例如 I think it necessary for us to have a good rest after the long work She felt it her duty to help the old woman 四 作宾补四 作宾补 可后接动词不定式作宾补的动词有 advise allow ask hear order see tell want wish watch 等 例如 The doctor advised her no to eat too much sugar I wish you to go to the meeting with me believe consider count declare deny feel find guess imagine judge know prove realize suppose think 等动词后可接 to be 型不定式作宾补 例如 He declared himself to be a college student 他自称是名大学生 The police proved him to be a thief 警察局证实他是小偷 hope demand suggest 等动词不能后接动词不定式作宾补 例如 误 I hope my son to be back soon 正 I hope my son will be back soon 误 She suggests us to have a discussion about it 正 She advises us to have a discussion about it 正 She suggests that we should have a discussion about it 在主动结构中 下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略 to 五看五看 see watch notice observe look at 三使三使 make let have 两听两听 hear listen to 一感觉一感觉 feel 例如 Who made him work all night long 但是 改为被动结构后 应补出省略的 to 例如 He was seen to break the window 五 作定语五 作定语 动词不定式作定语 应位于所修饰词语之后 即 作后置定语 例如 Have you got anything to eat to eat 修饰 anything 位于其后 下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语 ability attempt chance courage decision effort failure promise way wish 等 例如 But she gave up the chance to go abroad 由 only first last next 以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后 也常接不定式作 定语 例如 Who was the last one to leave the classroom last night 六 作状语六 作状语 动词不定式作状语 可表示目的 原因 结果或条件 例如 We went there to see our grandparents 目的 I am very sorry to hear that 原因 She hurried home only to find her father dead 结果 To look at the picture you would like it 条件 作目的状语 还可以使用 in order to 或 so as to 例如 The boy worked so hard in order to make up for the lost time 结果状语还可以使用 enough to too to so as to such as to 等结构 例如 He got up too late to miss the early bus She was in such a hurry as not to notice me 她如此匆忙 以致没有注意到我 以下动词后 只能跟不定式作宾语以下动词后 只能跟不定式作宾语 afford 付得起 agree 同意 aim 力求做到 appear 显得 arrange 安排 ask 要求 attempt 试图 care 想要 choose 决定 claim 声称 condescend 屈尊 consent 准许 decide 决定 demand 要求 determine 决 心 endeavor 竭力 expect 期待 fail 未履行 help 帮助 hesitate 犹豫 hope 希望 learn 学会 manage 设法 neglect 疏忽 offer 主动提出 plan 计划 prepare 准备 pretend 假装 proceed 接着做 promise 答应 prove 证明 refuse 拒绝 resolve 解决 seem 觉得好像