2017年高考英语备考优生百日闯关系列专题11阅读填空(含解析)资料

专题专题 1111 阅读填空阅读填空 方法与技巧方法与技巧 题型特点题型特点 1 文章的篇幅较短 词数多为 280 330 兼顾多种体裁 通常有记叙文 说明文 议 论文 应用文等 要求考生充分利用所给信息 回答文章提出的问题 通常文章难度不大 关键是考查考生高效处理信息的能力 还要求考生对文章有更深层次的理解 但是题目并 不容易 很容易出错 2 考查对文章的结构的了解 把握住全篇的文脉 即句与句 段与段之间的逻辑关系 解题方法解题方法 通过对高考中 七选五 型阅读理原题以及大量同类试题研究可知 此类试题虽然 新颖 但是也有其特有的解题规律 主要注重解题的窍门和方法 成功闯关 选准答案的 难度并不大 将此方法归结为 通读全文 详读段落 定位选项 通读复检 确定排除 五步解题法 以下就此方法进行分析 希望此方法能为同学们的解题提供助力 步骤一 通读全文 对文章进行快速浏览 寻找主题句 抓住文章结构及文章的写作 内容 在阅读过程中 要注意文章的开始与结束段落 尤其是文章的首段及末段末句 因 为 开 门见山 与 结尾总结的写作方式为常见的写作方式 首段的末句一般是是全文的主题所在 说明本文将探讨哪些内容 并简要指出文章的写作思路 有时甚至会以提纲的形式 呈现 首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义 如果它是文章的主题句 就可以使读 者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开 并对文章的写作主题有了整体的 了解 如果末句不是主 题句 则需要继续寻找 这时 可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为 结尾总结 式 如两者均 可排除 则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句 但要注意首段 与末段的提示作用 步骤二 详读段落 在短时间内 找出每段写作内容的关键词 明确各段的主题句或 主旨大意 文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落 各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开 对文章主 体进行的不同方面的描述 找出各个小段落中的关键词 明确其描述内容 为整体试题的 解决做好铺垫 步骤三 定位选项 明确各备选选项的含义 抓住其关键词语 根据文章整体结构与 具体内容 将选项填入文中 填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接 标志词 在定位选项时 要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容 以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的 结构和意义 将所选项放入空白处 看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系 是 否符合该处语境 能否承接前后的写作线索 使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺 一篇文章作为一个整体 是有其写作的线索与思路的 在选项定位中 要尤其注意文 章的写作线索 文章的写作思路的连贯使文章的每个段落 每个句子甚至每个短语均融为 一体 如果带入选项后 发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾 应更换其它选项 步骤四 通读复检 将所选答案代入文中 再次通读全文 重点考查逻辑关系和关联 结构 在完成选项定位后 应通读全文 检查文章内容是否完整 语义是否连贯合理 各段 落内容是否紧扣主题 语篇结构是否通顺连贯 具有一致性 合乎逻辑 写作思路是否清 晰明了 格式以及用语是否恰当贴切 从而判断选择的答案是否正确 同时 我们还应注 意对相近选项的对比分析 个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性 这时就需要我们认真分析 仔细甄别 排除干扰 从而得出正确选项 步骤五 确定排除 研究多余选项 确定排除理由 最终确定答案 在检查后 应再次查看所排除选项 进一步确定排除理由 以防造成易混选项误选 体验高考体验高考 1 2016 全国新课标 I 根据短文内容 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选 项 选项中有两项为多余选项 Secret codes 密码 keep messages private Banks companies and government agencies use secret codes in doing business especially when information is sent by computer People have used secret codes for thousands of years 36 Code breaking never lags 落后 far behind code making The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography There are three main types of cryptography 37 For example the first letters of My elephant eats too many eels Spell out the hidden message Meet me 38 You might represent each letter with a number For example Let s number the letters of the alphabet in order from 1 to 26 If we substitute a number for each letter the message Meet me would read 13 5 20 13 5 A code uses symbols to replace words phrases or sentences To read the message of a real code you must have a code book 39 For example bridge might stand for meet and out might stand for me The message bridge out would actually mean Meet me 40 However it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long So codes must be changed frequently A It is very hard to break a code without the code book B In any language some letters are used more than others C Only people who know the keyword can read the message D As long as there have been codes people have tried to break them E You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out F With a code book you might write down words that would stand for other words G Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters o f the alphabet 答案 36 40 D E G F A 37 E 考查对上下文的理解和判断能力 后面举的例子是来证明人们设置密码时往往会利用 一些单词的第一个字母来作为密码 由此判断 E 选项内容符合语境逻辑 38 G 考查对上下文的理解和判断能力 根据后面的解释内容可以判断这是介绍密码设置的 又一种方法 故 G 选项内容 Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters o f the alphabet 符合语境 39 F 考查对上下文的理解和判断能力 根据后面的举例以及前句中的 a code book 可以判 断该句是介绍密码书的使用 故判断 F 选项 With a code book you might write down words that would stand for other words 可以起到承上启下的作用 40 A 考查对上下文的理解和判断能力 根据空后内容的转折可知尽管利用密码书可以破译 密码 但是一本密码书也不会使用很久的时间 故判断 A 选项 It is very hard to break a code without the code book 符合语境 考点 七选五阅读理解 归纳总结 七选五阅读填空考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理 解和掌握 解题技巧如下 1 注重句式的对接 比如排比句 祈使句等 2 注重词汇的衔 接 也就是利用上下文所重复的关键词 即词的复现原则进行判断 其中包括同义词 原 词和反义词的复现 3 注重举例或解释等 如 37 题和 39 题只需要利用 for example 来进 行解题 2 2016 全国新课标 II 根据短文内容 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选 项 选项中有两项为多余选项 A garden that s just right for you Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum 总和 of its parts 16 But it doesn t happen by accident It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process 17 Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants flowers patterns and masses of color Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers 肥料 18 However there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden One of them comes from our earliest years Recall 回忆 your childhood memories Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood Grandma s rose garden and Dad s vegetable garden might be good or bad but that s not what s important 19 how being in those gardens made us feel If you d like to build a powerful bond with your garden start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth 20 then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown up garden Have fun A Know why you garden B Find a good place for your own garden C It s our experience of the garden that matters D It s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers E Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden too G For each of those gardens writer down the strongest memory you have 答案 16 F 17 A 18 E 19 C 20 G 解析 试题分析 本文属于说明文 美丽的花园能给我们带来美好的视觉享受 文章中给出了两 个自己建设花园的的具体建议 16 F 根据前两句提出 你是否参观过那些让你感觉非常好的花园 你也可以自己搞一个属 于你自己的花园 故 F 项 你也可以把你自己的花园搞得那么美好 符合上下文串联 17 A 根据本段前两句 Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants flowers patterns and masses of color Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers 肥料 可知不 同人对花园有不同的看法 再倒数第二句 然而 有很多能够解释你为什么想做园艺的原 因 可知我们首先要搞清楚为什么要做园艺 故 A 项正确 18 E 本段前两句提出有些人认为花园只是一些花花草草 有些人关心少用水少用废料 本 句仍然在说明人们对园艺的不同看法 故 E 项 还有其他人只是喜欢在户外接触植物 与 上下文一致 也是人们对于园艺的观点 名师点睛 本文属于七选五阅读中最常见的设空在段首的方法 通常是段落主题句 认真阅读后文 内容 根据段落一致性原则 查找同义词或其他相关的词 推断出主题句 本题我们根据 倒数第二句 However there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden 可知我们首先要知道为什么要搞园艺 故 A 项为本段主题句 当七选五阅读设空在句首时 还可能存在以下两种情况 1 属于段落间的过渡句 这时要前瞻后望找启示 即阅读上一段结尾部分 通常正确 答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来 并结合下一段内容 看所选的答案是否将两段内容连 贯起来 2 与后文是并列 转折 因果关系等 着重阅读后文第一两句 锁定线索信号词 然 后在选项中查找相关特征词 通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密 衔接的 因此这两句间会有 某种的衔接手段 尤其当选项是几句话时 比如 如果选项 中出现时间年代时 往往要注意与原文中年代的前后对应关系 考点 考查说明文阅读 3 2016 全国新课标 III 根据短文内容 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳 选项 选项中有两项为多余选项 Everyone knows that fish is good for health 16 But it seems that many people don t cook fish at home Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home Buying storing and cooking fish isn t difficult 17 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way 18 Fresh fish should smell sweet you should feel that you re standing at the ocean s edge Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn t fresh 19 When you have bought a fish and arrive home you d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don t cook it immediately but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two Frozen fish isn t as tasty as the fresh one There are many common methods used to cook fish 20 First lean it and season it with your choice of spices 调料 Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes i f it weighs about one pound A larger one will take more time Then it s ready to serve A Do not buy it B The easiest is to steam it C This is how you can do it D It just requires a little knowledge E The fish will go bad within hours F When buying fish you should first smell it G The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease 答案 16 G 17 D 18 F 19 A 20 B 17 D 考查上下文串联 题目前一句 Buying storing and cooking fish isn t difficult 可知 购买 存放和烧鱼并非难事 再根据后面一句可知 文章主要介绍了 买鱼和烧鱼的简单知识 D 项 这仅仅需要一点知识 符合语境 此题容易与 C 项混淆 C 项后面应该直接跟烧鱼的方法 即 C 项与后一句重复 故选 D 18 F 考查上下文串联 根据 Fresh fish should smell sweet 可知 本段讲的是买 鱼的时候要闻一下鱼的气味 故选 F 19 A 考查上下文串联 根据前一句 Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn t fresh 可知 带有强烈的味道的鱼都不是新鲜的 不应该买这样的鱼 A 项与后 句联系紧密 故选 A 20 B 考查上下文串联 根据 Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot 可知 本段介绍的是 蒸鱼的方法 故选 B 考点 生活类短文阅读 名师点睛 高考七选五解题方法 1 通读全文 了解文章大意 这是一个泛读的过程 目的是了解文章大意 为以后的理 解做铺垫 2 分析句型 了解语法构成 3 当我们了解了文章大意后 要明确每一个空是填一个整句子还是半个句子 这一点十 分重要 它能够帮助我们迅速确定某些空的选项范围 比如 有一个空的结尾处没有标点 符号 后文紧跟着一个句子的后半部分 很显然这时我们需要填的是半个句子 这时便可 以在七个选项中找到是半个句子的选项 从而缩小选择范围 4 明确关联关系 任何句子都是要么和上文有联系 要么和下文有联系 要么和上下文 都有联系 例如第 16 空 第 19 空和第 20 空都与它们的前一句有联系 5 带入通读 复查 做完题目切忌直接离开 这是我们很有必要将自己修正好的文章通读一遍 将其看做一 片行文通顺语意连贯的文章来读 这是如果感到有含义不连贯的地方 很有可能是我们填 错了空 就要复查了 注意 七选五的特点在于 错一道 往往还会错另外的一道或几道 我们叫做 连错 所以当你发现自己有一处填的有问题时 一定要同时检查其它空 4 2016 北京 根据短文内容 从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处 选 项中有两项为多余选项 The Science of Risk Seeking Sometimes We decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward the risk seems worth taking 71 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us Why Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans Risk takers were better at hunting fighting or exploring 72 As the quality of Risk taking was passed from on ration to the next humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk So why aren t we all jumping out of airplanes then Well even 200 000 years ago too much risk taking could get one Killed A few daring survived though along with a few stay in the cave types As a result humans developed a range of character types that still exists today So maybe you love car racing or maybe you hate it 73 No matter where you are on the risk seeking range scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years 74 To help you do that your brain increases your hunger for new experiences New experiences often mean taking some risks so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well Mean taking some risks so your brain raisers your tolerance for risk as well 75 For the risk seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active while for the rest of us a part of the brain related to fear becomes active As experts continue to study the science of risk seeking we ll continue to hit the mountains the waves or the shallow end of the pool A It all depends on your character B Those are the risks you should jump to take C Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival D Thus these well equipped people survived because they were the fittest E This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world F However we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards G New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation 答案 71 F72 C73 A74 E75 G 解析 试题分析 文章从科学上对追求冒险和刺激进行了解释 冒险行为与大脑的工作机制有关 当大脑的快乐中枢被激活时 人们就会采取冒险行为 71 F 考查上下文串联 前一句提到了 weigh the risk and the reward F 项 然而 并不是所有人都使用同样的参考标准来权衡风险和回报 符合语境 故选 F 考点 科研类短文阅读 名师点睛 1 先看选项 跟完形填空不一样 七选五的答案选项较少 并且给出的都是句子 因此 我们可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的位置 另外 通过阅读选项 有可能找出跟其他选项表达完全不同意思的句子 这样的话我们就 可以直接将该选项排除 2 再看空前空后 由于七选五空出的是整个句子 而这些句子与句子之间 必然有一 种联系 因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确 定这两个句子之间有一种关联性 从而选择正确的答案 3 注意代词或定冠词 在做这类题目的时候 一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者 指示代词 因为我们知道 代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的 然后通过代词在句子中 所做的成分我们可以推断出它指代的句子的类型 我们要做的就是从选项中找这类句型就 可以了 4 注意一些特殊疑问词 如果选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词 一定要把这句话仔细读 几遍 因为对于不同特殊疑问词的回答方式是不一样的 比如对 why 的回答 后面要有 because 等表原因的词 对 when 的回答 后面要有表时间的状语 对 where 的回答 后面 要有表地点的名词 对 how 的回答 后面要有方式状语等 5 注意一些连词 如一些表示转折的连词 but However yet though nevertheless 等 另外还有一些表示并列关系的连词如 and also aswellas neithernor eitheror notonly butalso ononehand onth eotherhand 等 因为这些连词可以表现句子与句子之间的关系 通过不同的连词我们可以 推知句子与句子之间不同的关系 5 2016 四川 根据短文内容 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项 选项 中有两项为多余选项 Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries 16 In general they can expect to live six or seven years more than men One reason for this is biological One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women 17 Between the ages of about 12 and 50 women produce hormones that are involved in fertility 生育能力 These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow In fact women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks 18 They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections Thi s means that women generally ger sick less often and less seriously than men T he common cold is a good example women on average get fewer colds than men 1 9 Scientists are still not exactly sure how influence aging but they believ e that they do Some think that a woman s body cells have a tendency 向 to age more slowly than a man s Others think that a man s body cells have a tendency to age more quickly 20 A However women on average live longer B The biological factor plays an important part C Women are also helped by their female genes D The female hormones also protect the body in another way E Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities F Therefore women are more healthy than men and can live a better life G Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control carious bod y functions 答案 16 A 17 G 18 D 19 C 20 E 18 D 根据下句 它们帮助身体本身抵抗各种感染 可知此空的意思是 女性荷尔蒙也用另 一种方式保护身体 故选 D 19 C 根据下句 科学家仍然没有确切地表明基因怎样影响年龄 但是他们认为基因却是在 影响年龄 可知上句 女性基因也在帮助女性 20 E 根据空格前两句 一些人认为女性身体细胞有一个比男性老化慢的倾向 另一些人认 为男性身体细胞有一个老化快的倾向 可知 E 项符合题意 最近研究似乎支持这两种可能 故选 E 名师点睛 在做七选五时一定要注意空格前后句子的暗示词 可以准确确定空格上的选项 比如第 20 小题 Some think that a woman s body cells have a tendency 向 to age more slowly than a man s Others think that a man s body cells have a tendency to age more quickly 20 句中的 Some Others 是关键词 从这里 知道这是两种观点 根据空格前两句 一些人认为女性身体细胞有一个比男性老化慢的倾 向 另一些人认为男性身体细胞有一个老化快的倾向 可知 E 项符合题意 最近研究似乎 支持这两种可能 故选 E 考点 考查信息匹配 模拟新题精选模拟新题精选 1 河北省廊坊市 2017 届高三上学期期末 根据短文内容 从短文后的选项中选出能填入 空白处的最佳选项 选项中有两项为多余选项 When it comes to physical activity the more you do the more you can do 36 However most of us don t get the necessary amount and we re paying for that in countless physiological and psychological ways Many of us are ageing faster than we should because of poor diets and exercise habits 37 But we don t have to accept it There are many easy and enjoyable ways for those sitting in the office and the benefits of doing so are enormous Here are some ways to make exercise your daily habits 1 Start slow Overdoing it at the beginning is the major reason why people give up 38 If it hurts or makes you dizzy don t do it 2 Make it a habit Establish a routine Keep exercising three to four days a week for a few months The practice will become second nature you may even look forward to it 3 Manage expectations The objective is not to look in the mirror and see the person you were 20 years ago 39 You won t drop 20 kg in a few weeks at the gym this is a long term project 4 40 Having a little company can be inspiring and make things a lot more fun There are groups offering almost everything you can imagine from cycling to hiking and bird watching A Consider working with a personal trainer B Tam up with others C We re also getting sick more often and for longer periods D We knew we need exercise to remain healthy E Over time the benefits of running will reveal themselves F You need to imagine the best person you can be right now G Pay attention to signals your body is sending you 文章大意 文章介绍如何正确地锻炼能对身体有好处 38 G 根据下文 If it hurts or makes you dizzy don t do it 可知 这些都是身 体发出的信号 故选 G 39 F 根据上文 The objective is not to look in the mirror and see the person you were 20 years ago 目标不是看着镜子 看到 20 年前的你 接下来应该是 你需要 想象你现在能成为最好的人 故选 F 40 B 根据下文 Having a little company can be inspiring and make things a lot more fun 可知 这段主要介绍要和别人合作 故选 B 2 广东省肇庆市 2017 届高三第二次模拟 根据短文内容 从短文后的选项中选出能填入 空白处的最佳选项 选项中有两项为多余选项 It is very common for you to find yourself in an unfamiliar situation 36 Yes everyone tells you to stand on your own two feet and take responsibility for your action but if you haven t experienced a situation before how can you know what to do We usually try our best to do everything on our own and not to rely on others but at certain times calling for help is the best way forward You can picture the scene of the man it is usually a man driving blindly around an unfamiliar town looking for an address he doesn t know 37 And he could get to his appointment on time It is obvious to everybody in such a case that asking for help is not a sign of weakness but rather the sensible thing to do 38 For example you are looking for a new job and need to write your resume 简历 If your pride prevents you from getting help and you just do the writing yourself it may well cost the opportunity you are seeking Similarly when you just started a new job you often don t want to admit that you haven t got the knowledge to finish a particular task so you keep going and eventually make things worse than they were This may lead to a diminishing 贬低 of you in the eyes of the boss 39 Now you can see that asking for help is not a sign of weakness but is the sensible and mature thing to do 40 Making your life easier by asking for and using knowledgeable help is not a sign of weakness but is actually quite a clever thing to do A What s worse you are most likely to lose the new job B Actually speaking asking for help is not a sign of weakness C There are times when you know you don t have the relevant experience D If only he would stop and ask for directions he could save lots of time E However many people tend to make mistakes over and over when help is available F You will also recognize expert help would save your time energy and money G You can accustom yourself to asking for help sooner or later 答案 36 B 37 D 38 C 39 A 40 F 37 D 根据上文的 looking for an address he doesn t know 问路 所以作者在此要 抛出一个实际例子来证明他的观点 即帮助路人 可以帮助他省去很多时间 选择 D 项 38 C 该空位于句首 所以是概整段文章大意的 又根据后面的具体例子 可以推断出概括 应该是介绍人们做一些不拿手或不经常做的事情 所以选 C 39 A 根据上文的 make things worse than they were 可以看出如果在某些情况下不想他 人寻求帮助 就会搞砸一些事情 该段是在论述不向他人寻求帮助的弊端 所以选择 A 40 F 根据后文的 Making your life easier 使你的生活跟容易 所以这句是在向别人 寻求帮助的时候你