2012届高考英语一轮 常用结构汇总复习讲义（三）

用心 爱心 专心1 20122012 届高考英语一轮常用结构汇总复习讲义 三 届高考英语一轮常用结构汇总复习讲义 三 1 besides except except for except that 1 except 将一个或几个人或物从同一类或普通的种类中除外 意为 除 之外 指 不包括 其后可接名词 代词 副词 介词短语 动词不定式或 wh 从句 except 和 but 都表示 除了 之外 没有 二者大多数情况下可以互换 但在 no all nobody nothing no one 等词后多用 but 2 except for 说明整个基本情况后 对细节加以纠正 后接名词 3 except that 的用法基本同 except for 但其后必须句子 它用来表示理由或细节 修下前 面所说的情况 Everybody except John was able to answer the question 除了约翰之外 每个人都回答出了问题 The room is empty except for a broken chair 前后的名词不同类 这个房间空空的 只不过有把破椅子 I know nothing about him except that he is from Japan 我对他一无所知 只是知道他来自日本 She goes to school by bike except when it rains 她骑自行车去上学 除了下雨时不骑 4 besides prep 除 之外还有 besides 意为 除 之外 尚有 或外 加 句中常含有 more another else 等暗示词 Besides tennis he also plays basketball and football 除了网球之外 他还打篮球和踢足球 I have three other dictionaries besides this one 除了这本词典 我还有三本别的词典 5 in addition to 除 之外还有 等于 besides 做介词的用法 In addition to French he has to study Japanese 除了法语外 他还得学日语 7 apart from apart from 其含义主要依据上下文而定 有时可与 except 换用 有时可代 替 besides Apart from the coat the hat doesn t suit me 除价钱太贵 这帽子也不适合我戴 Apart from a few scratches the car was undamaged 除了几处刮痕外 汽车没有什么损坏 注意 1 besides adv 此外 而且 I haven t time to see the film besides it s had dreadful reviews 我没有时间去看这部影片 再说 影评也诸多贬斥 I am too busy to go for a walk besides it is late 我太忙不去散步了 而且时候已晚了 2 but 和 except 做 除了 讲时如果前面有 do 的适当形式 but 和 except 后面的不定式不带 to 如果没有 do 的适当形式 but 和 except 后面的不定式带 to He could do nothing except walk home except 前若有实义动词 do 则后面接不带 to 的不定式 他只好走着回家了 He had no choice but to walk home except 前若没有实义动词 do 则后面接带 to 的不定式 用心 爱心 专心2 3 in addition besides 此外 而且 They eat a great deal of fruit in addition 他们还吃大量的水果 I am too busy to go for a walk in addition it is late 我太忙不去散步了 而且时候已晚了 强化练习 1 Snow was falling when they went along a mountain path to the front A to lead B led C leading D being led 变式 1 They set up an table in a small temple to operate on the soldiers A operating wounded B Operated wounding C operated wounded D operating wounding 变式 2 Betty still excited took away the box with birthday presents for her A looked filledB looked fillingC looking filledD looking filling 变式 3 This is an early church from the ninth century which was rebuilt under the direction of San Carlo Borromeo A dated B being dated C dating D dates 变式 4 The problem now must be kept secret A being discussed B discussed C to be discussed D having been discussed 解析 1 据题意提干前有一个名词 path 其后是介词组 to the front 即要求一个现在分词 和 to the front 连成现在分词短语修饰名词 path 作定语 path 名词虽表示物不能使用过去分 词 是小路本身延伸到前线的 所以选 变式 1 据题意在第一个提干里应使用动名词作 tale 的名词的定语 修饰 table 说明战士是 被枪击伤的即受伤的士兵 表被动完成的动作 所以选 变式 2 look 是系动词没有被动语态 Betty 与 look 之间是主动关系所以要用现在分词 做定语 Wound 与 soldiers 之间是被动和动作已经完成的关系所以要用过 去分词做定语 变式 3 church 与 date from 之间是主动关系 所以要用现在分词做定语 变式 4 the problem 与 discuss 之间是被动和动作已经完成的关系所以要用 being discussed 总结 通过对以上习题的分析可以知道分词做定语的用法可以灵活设题是高考重要的考察 点 2 With a lot of different problems the newly elected president is having a hard time A settled B settling C to settle D being settled 变式 1 time going on the old man s friends died off A As B With C For D As with 变式 2 time went on the old man s friends died off A As B With C For D As with 变式 3 The famous scientist died of heart attack the experiment left undone A with B for C because D because of 解析 该题考查 with 名词 代词 不定式 其中不定式表示将要发生的动作 由此可知答案 C 变式 1 该题考查 with 名词 代词 现在分词这一结构中介词 with 的运用 不能选 as 因为 as 要引导时间状语从句 变式 2 该题考查 as 引导时间状语从句 as 可以译为 随着 用心 爱心 专心3 变式 3 该题考查 with 名词 代词 过去分词这一结构中介词 with 的运用 该结构在本句中 做状语表示伴随 总结 通过对以上例题的分析可以知道对 with 复合结构 的考查集中在两个方面 一是 考查宾补的适当形式 二是考查介词 with 该知识点仍旧是命题的重点 3 The discussion filled with arguments lasted two days no conclusion A reached B would reach C to reach D reaching 变式 1 He went abroad in 1998 never A returning B to return C returned D having returned 变式 2 The discussion filled with arguments lasted two days with no conclusion A reached B would reach C to reach D reaching 解析 2 B C 是谓语动词 在此不可用 D 项 to make 或表目的 或表 将要使得 这都不 合题干情景 只有 A making 可作状语 表结果 D 变式 1 该句意思是 他在 1998 年出国了 结果再也没有回来 由此可知要用不定 式做状语表结果 指出人意料的结果 强调意想不到 变式 2 该题是考查 with 名词 代词 过去分词 做状语表结果 Conclusion 与 reach 之间是被动关系 并且动作已经发生 总结 以上题例表明 现在分词做状语表结果与不定式做状语表结果 的区别是一个很重 要的知识点 结果发生的偶然性与否是掌握这一知识的关键 4 There was no one in the bus a dog A except B besides C but D except for 变式 1 The weather is bad I have no money on me A except B besides C but D except for 变式 2 Five more students passed the exam Tom A in addition B besides C but D except for 变式 3 the people on the list many more people will attend the party A In addition to B Except for C But D Except 解析 4 except for 说明整个基本情况后 对细节加以纠正 答案 D 变式 1 besides 可以做副词意思是 此外 而且 表示并列关系 答案 B 变式 2 besides prep 除 之外还有 besides 意为 除 之外 尚有 或外 加 句中常含有 more another else 等暗示词 答案 B 变式 3 该题意思是 除了名单上的人之外还有很多人要参加这次舞会 in addition to 除 之外还有 等于 besides 做介词的用法 答案 A 总结 以上以上题例表明 besides except except for except that 的区别是一个很重要的知 识点在掌握该知识点时一定要体会出是指 排除 或是指 包含 等方面的用法 5 You can t imagine what difficulty trouble we had home in the snowstorm A walked B walk C to walk D walking 变式 1 Do you have any difficulty your work A in B on C with D for 变式 2 Thank you for the trouble you have taken me with my English A to help B helping C help D helped 解析 5 we had home in the snowstorm 是定语从句 had 的宾语是省略的关系代词 恢复后可以看出是考查 have some difficulty in doing sth 这一知识点的 答案 D 变式 1 考查 have some difficulty with sth 这一知识点 答案 C 变式 2 you have taken me with my English 是定语从句 have taken 的宾语是省略的关 用心 爱心 专心4 系代词 恢复后可以看出是考查 take trouble to do sth 这一知识点的 答案 A 总结 通过对以上习题的分析可以知道与 difficulty 相关的短语的用法是高考重要的考察点 可以据此灵活设题 6 I push the window hard but it close A won t B can t C shall not D mustn t 变式 1 If you listen to me you get a new bike A will will B shall will C shall shall D will shall 变式 2 What can I do for you My radio work A won t B can t C doesn t D mustn t 解析 6 考查 will 表示现在的意愿 有拟人化的修辞手法在内 答案 A 变式 1 第一个空格是 will 可以表示意愿这时可以用于条件状语从句中 第二个空格是 shall 表示 承诺 的用法 答案 D 变式 2 doesn t do 表示客观陈述 不包含任何感情色彩 答案 C 7 the news so far has been good there may be days ahead when it is bad A While B When C As D Since 变式 1 you have got your license why not drive the car yourself A Ever sinceB Now that C Even thoughD As long as 变式 2 The vase cost me almost 100 yuan Well it was crazy of you to spend so much money you could buy a much cheaper one A while B if C because D when 解析 7 考查 while 用作从属连词 引导让步状语从句 意为 although 答案 A 变式 1 now that since now 都可以引导从句译为 既然 主从句之间是因果关系 答案 B 变式 2 考查 when 用作从属连词 引导让步状语从句 意为 既然 答案 D 总结 通过对以上习题的分析可以知道 while now that since now when 这三个词是意 思相近但用法不同的非常重要的词语 自测试题 1 with the size of the whole earth the bigge