黑龙江省大庆外国语学校高一英语 语法复习 虚拟语气连词

1 黑龙江省大庆外国语学校高一英语黑龙江省大庆外国语学校高一英语 语法复习语法复习 虚拟语气连词虚拟语气连词 虚拟语气一直都被认为是英语学习中的一个难点 因此也便成为了各类考试的热点 现就 虚拟语气的一些问题归纳如下 以帮助解决拟语气这个语法难点 一 动词 wish 后宾语从句中的虚拟语气 1 用 wish 表示现在的祝愿和报歉 其句子结构为 宾语从句的谓语 be 和 were was 实义动词用过去式 例 I wish the were at home this time 2 用 wish 表示对过去事情的遗憾 其句子结构为 宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时或 could 现在完成时 例 I wish I hadn t hurt him so much 3 用 wish 表示对将来事情的愿望 其句子结构为宾语从句的谓语为 would could might 动词原形 例 I wish I might be able to come tomorrow 二 用在一般虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气 一 表示与现在 过去 将来事实相反的假设 1 与现在事实相反的假设 其句子结构为 从句 if 主语 动词的过去式 be 变 were 其他 主句 主语 would should could might 动词原形 其他 例 If I were you I would go with him 2 与过去事实相反的假设 其句子结构为 从句 If 主语 过去完成时 其他 主句 主语 should would could might 现在完成时 其他 例 If you had studied harder last term you could have passed exam 3 表示对将来事实实现的可能性不大的假设 其句子结构为 从句 If 主语 should were to 动词原形 其他 主句 主语 would could should might 动词原形 例 If he were to go tomorrow He might tell you 二 从句和主句要根据各自发所生的时间选用符合具体时间的虚拟语气形式 1 从句表示过去 主句表示现在 If they had stared the early morning yesterday they would be here now 2 从句表示将来 主句表示过去 If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon I would have gone to see the film with you last night 3 从句表示过去 主句表示将来 If we hadn t made adequate preparations we shouldn t dare to do the experiment next week 4 从句表示将来 主句表示现在 If we shouldn t have an exam this afternoon I would go shopping now 三 可以引起与事实相反的方式状语从句 用虚拟语气 由 as if as though 引起的与事实相反的句子 不论主句的谓语是现在时或者说过去 2 时 其谓语表示的时间概念和句子结构 都基本上与 wish 后的宾语从句相同 例 John pretends as if he didn t know the thing at all but in fact he knows it very well 用过去式表示与现在事实相反的假设 The old man looked at the picture he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago 用过去完成式表示与过去相反的事实 They talked and talked as if they would never meet again would 动词原形 表示与将来事实相反 四 在表示建议 命令 要求 忠告等动词的后面 其宾语从句的谓语用 should 动 词原形 表示虚拟语气 常用的此类动词有 表示 要求 的 ask desire request demand require beg 表示 提议 劝告 建议 的 move prpose suggest recommend advise vote 表示 决定 命令 的 decide order 表示 主张 的 maintain urge 表示 同意 坚持 的 consent insist 例 The doctor suggested that he should try to lose his weight He insisted that we should tell him the news 上述动词的名词形式 demand desire requirment advice order decision recommendation suggestion 以及 necessity preference plan motion idea 等名 词 其后的表语从句或同位语从句 也用 should 动词原形 表示虚拟语气 现代英语 特别是美国英语 常省去 should 例 The advice is that we should leave at once He idea that we should visit Great Wall was warmly welcomed 五 在 It is was 形容词 或过去分词 that 结构中 主语从句的谓语也 用 should 原形动词 表虚拟语气 美国英语中省去 should 常用的形容词和过去分词有 表示 要求 的 required demanded requested desired desirabl 表示 建议 的 suggested recommended 表示 迫切 紧近 重要 的 imperative urgent necessary essential important vital 表示 适当 较好 的 appropriate advisable better preferable 表示 可能 的 probable possible 表示 命令 的 ordered 例 It was necessary that we should make everything ready ahead of time It is required that nobody should smoke here 六 由下列名词或短语引导 或含有某些词的从句中应用的虚拟语气 1 Iest 以免 惟恐 引导的从句用 shuld 动词原形 He took a map with him lest he should lose his wag there 2 whether 不管 无论 引导的让步状语从句 有时用动词原形 All things whether you know or don t know exist in the world 3 用 would rather had rather would just as soon 表示 宁愿 但愿 后面 的宾语从句谓语用过去式或动词原形表示对将来的要求 用过去时表示对现在的愿望 用 3 过去完成时表示对过去做的事的懊悔 Don t live in the world I would rather I would just as soon you die I would rather you go tomorrow I would rather everything hadn t happened in the past 4 用 had hoped 表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情 其宾语从句的谓语 用 would 动词原形 I had hoped that she would go to the U S and study there but she said she liked to stay in China 5 在 It is high about time that 引导的定语从句中 定语从句的主谓语用一 般过去时 偶尔也可以用 would 或 should 动词原形 或 had rather would rather 动词原形 It is hihg about time that we left should leave had better leave had rather leave were leaving 注意与 This is the first second time 后从句中用 现在完成时的区别 6 用 without but for in the absence of 表示 要不是 如果没有 相当 于 if it were not for 表示条件时 句中一般用虚拟语气 也可用陈述语气 Without your help I couldn t finish my work on time In the absence of water and air nothing could live 7 由 providing that provided that on condition that in order that 引导的条件从句或目的从句 根据情况 可用虚拟语气 有时也可用陈述语气 They are willing surrender provided they are given free passage 8 在 if 引导的虚拟条件句中 若有 were had should 在书面语中可省去 if 将 were 等提到主语前 形成倒装 Should there be a good film tomorrow I would go to the theatre with you Were it not for your help I wouldn t be succeed 虚拟语气专项练习 1 You didn t let me drive If we in turn you so tired A drove didn t get B drove wouldn t get C were driving wouldn t get D had driven wouldn t have got 2 When a pencil is partly in a glass of water it looks as if it A breaks B has broken C were broken D had been broken 3 it rain tomorrow we should have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge A Were B Should C Would D Will 4 Jane s face suggested that she ill and her parents suggested that she a medical examination A be should have B was have C should be had D was has 5 Without electricity human life quite different today A is B will be C would have been 4 D would be 6 I told Sally how to get there but perhaps I for her A had to write it out B must have written it out C should have written it out D ought to write it out 7 I didn t see your sister at the meeting If she she would have met my brother A has come B did come C came D had come 8 If he he that food Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately A was warmed would not take B had been warned would not have taken C would be warned had not taken D would have been warned had not taken 9 The two strangers talked as if they friends for years A should be B would be C have been D had been 10 Without the air to hold some of the sun s heat the earth at night too cold for us to live A would be freezing cold B will be freezing coldly C would be frozen cold D can freeze coldly 11 Have you ever been to Beijing No but I wish I A have B will C do D had 12 If only he quietly as the doctor instructed he would not suffer so much now A lies B lay C had lain D should lie 13 If I you I would ask him to stay A was B would be C were D am 14 If it hadn t rained last Sunday we picnicking A could go B could have gone C went D would go 15 Everybody would be very happy if the hot summer tomorrow A should finish B would finish C were to be finished D finishes 16 If only I your advice A had taken B took C would take D have taken 5 17 If it yesterday we could play football on the sports ground now A didn t snow B hasn t snowed C hadn t snowed D weren t snowing 18 If he came here at this moment I him A would criticize B will criticize C shall criticize D were to criticize 19 I wish I the meeting last week A could attend B attended C have attended D could have attended 20 He s always talking like that as if the whole world to him alone A had belonged B belonged C were belonging D were belonged 21 The TV play for tonight won t be interesting Even if it I might not have time for it A would be B be C had been D were 22 Without your help I in my English study A would not have succeeded B hadn t succeeded C will not succeed D won t have succeeded 23 The workers in France demanded that the their pay from the following week on A would be raised B was raised C be raised D raised 24 My suggestion is that we the sports met A would put off B should put off C putted off D be put off 25 The monitor made a proposal that the whole class the matter A discussed B would discuss C be discussed D discuss 26 It is necessary that our drinking water cleaner A should be made B is made C would be made D was made 27 It is high time that our child to do some housework A learned B learn C will learn D would learn 28 They stopped at Hangzhou so that they the West Lake A will visit B can visit C may visit D might visit 29 it for your help I couldn t have make any progress A Were not B Had not been C Should not been D Did be 30 You are late again You here earlier A should come B will come 6 C should have come D will have come 31 Don t come this afternoon I d rather you tomorrow A come B to come C came D will come 32 He took his raincoat with him lest it A rained B should rain C would rain D will rain 33 John was very busy last week otherwise he to attend the meeting A would have come B would come C should come D came 34 I to tell her about it she would be very glad A Should B Would C Were D Might 35 Without sunlight or water or air there no life on the earth A will have B would be C should be D must be 36 It was ordered that no smoking in the library A is allowed B be allowed C should allow D will be allowed 37 I known he was in trouble I might have managed to help him A If B When C Unless D Had 38 You there by taxi yesterday it is not far from here A couldn t have gone B should have gone C needn t have gone D mustn t have gone 39 I would have gone there with you but I too tired then A were B had been C was D have been 40 Did you go to see the football match yesterday No I didn t feel well but I would have gone if I A did B have C would D had 41 the friendship between us last forever A Could B Will C May D Wish 42 Where have you been I got caught in traffic I could have been here soon A otherwise B however C though D anyway 43 If my lawyer here last Saturday he me from going A had been would have prevented B had been would prevent C were would prevent D were would have 7 prevented 44 If it for the snow we the mountain yesterday A were not could have climbed B were not could climb C had not been could have climbed D had not been could climb 45 We last night but we went to the concert instead A must have studied B might study C should have studied D would study 46 There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well It a comfortable journey A can t be B shouldn t be C mustn t have been D couldn t have been 47 I was really anxious about you You home without a word A mustn t leave B shouldn t have left C couldn t have left D needn t leave 48 your letter I would have started off two days ago A If I received B Should I receive C If I could have received D Had I received 49 It is strange that she so A think B thinks C will think D thought 50 He suggested that the meeting put off A not be B should not C wouldn t D be not 51 She would rather more money on books on clothes A cost not B to spare don t C pay than D spend than 52 What would have happened if you her child A hadn t helped B couldn t help C wouldn t help D didn t help 53 If I with her last summer I with her now A worked am getting on very well B had worked would get on very well C had worked would have got on very well D had worked will get on very well 54 The old professor gave orders that the experiment before 6 A was finished B will finis C be finished D shall be finished 55 The thief closed his eyes he dying A even if was B though would be C when had been D as if were 56 I wish my uncle yesterday A had met B would met C met D have met 57 Without his help we such rapid progress 8 A don t make B wouldn t make C didn t make D wouldn t have made 58 so busy she would come to help you A Should my daughter B Was my daughter not C If my daughter were not D If my daughter isn t 59 If you any problem please don t hesitate to ask your teacher A have B would have C are going to have D will have 60 What do you think of the suggestion that she at the meeting last week A should make B make C made D A or B 61 If only I to my parents advice A listening B listen C am listening D had listened 62 But for the snow we earlier A will arrive B should have arrived C arrive D arrived 63 Here s an umbrella in case you it A should use B needed C needing D to need 64 It is natural that he his mind A changes B changing C change D to change 65 It is a pity Mr Zhang isn t here If he my parents would be happier A comes B has come C came D had come 66 you succeed and you be healthy A May may B Wish wish C Hope hope D Should may 67 It s high time he home A goes B went C will go D is going to go 68 I hoped my letter A her to answer B that she would answer C that she will answer D her answering 69 I was very busy yesterday otherwise I to the meeting A came B would come C had come D would have come 70 If she knew as much about music as you do my daughter much better A play B must play C will play D would play 71 Jane wants to see you tomorrow I would rather she today than tomorrow A comes B should come C come D came 9 72 The secretary listened carefully he might discover exactly what she wanted A so as that B in case C in order that D providing 73 Supposing the weather bad where would they go A will be B is C were D be 74 Without the leadership of the Party there no New China A would be B has been C was D should be 75 The work would require that at 5 every morning A she has been there B she was there C she be there D she will be there 76 The little hero s pale face suggested he dead A is B was C should be D be 77 Galileo insisted that the earth round the sun A should move B move C moves D A or B 78 The rice if you had been more careful A wouldn t be burning B would not burn C wouldn t have been burnt D would not burnt 79 I known it I should have told him A Have B Had C Having D If 80 If Alice this afternoon the meeting should be put off A would not come B might not come C should not come D could not come 81 If you had gone to a doctor you all right now A are B were C would have been D would be 82 It is necessary that we a foreign language A must master B ought to master C mastered D should master 83 My idea is that we to our plan A must stick B ought to stick C should stick D will stick 84 He into trouble if he had taken our advice A would have not got B Had not got C wouldn t have got D didn t get 85 I didn t see her in the meeting room this morning She at the meeting A mustn t have spoken B shouldn t have spoken 10 C needn t have spoken D couldn t have spoken 86 One ought for what one hasn t done A not to be punished B to not be punished C to not punished D not be punished 87 If you really want yourself to be in good health you must always so much A not be smoking B not have smoked C not to smoke D be not smoking 88 With so much work on hand you to see the game last night A mustn t go B shouldn t go C couldn t have gone D shouldn t have gone 89 Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party They say that it better organized A had been B had to be C must have been D could have been 90 I m surprised that he in the exam A should fail B would have failed C may have failed D should have failed 1 10 DCBBD CDBDA 11 20 DCCBA ACADB 21 30 DACBD AADBC 31 40 CBACB BDCCD 41 50 CAACC DBDAA 51 60 DABCD ADCAC 61 70 DBACD ABBDD 71 80 DCCAC BCCBC 81 90 DDCCD AADDD 高中语法 虚拟语气专项练习 1 If there were no subjunctive mood English much easier A will be B would have been C could have been D would be 2 If she had worked harder she A would succeed B had succeeded C should succeed D would have succeeded 3 If he he that food Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately A was warned would not take B had been warned would not have taken C would be warned had not taken D would have been warned had not taken 4 If he me his telephone number yesterday I able to ring him up now A told would be B had told would be C had told would have been D told am 5 If I you I to Australia with Mr Smith A had been would go B were had gone C were would have gone D am will go 6 Without electricity human life quite different today A is B will be C would have been D would be 7 Our monitor was absent Otherwise I the chair 11 A would not take B didn t take C hadn t taken D wouldn t have taken 8 The experiment has failed I suggest that you again A try B trying C will try D would try 9 His silence at the meeting suggested that he to your plan A didn t agree B hadn t agreed C wouldn t agree D not agree 10 The father insisted his daughter a rich man A would be engaged to B be engaged to C should engage to D must be engaged to 11 She insisted that she ill of him behind him but he didn t believe A hadn t spoken B shouldn t speak C wouldn t speak D not speak 12 I stayed at a hotel while in New York Oh did you You with Barbara A could have stayed B could stay C would stay D must have stayed 13 I was really anxious about you You home without a word A mustn t leave B shouldn t have left C couldn t have left D needn t leave 14 There was plenty of time She A mustn t have hurried B needn t have hurried C must not hurry D couldn t have hurried 15 I wish I you yesterday A seen B did see C had seen D were to see 16 If my lawyer here last Saturday he me from going A had been would have prevented B had been would prevent C were would prevent D were would have prevented 17 He you more help even though he was very busy A might have given B might give C may have given D may give 18 If it for the snow we the mountain yesterday A were not could have climbed B were not could climb C had not been could have climbed D had not been could climb 19 I told Sally how to get there but perhaps I for her A had to write it out B must have written it out C should have written it out D ought to write it out 20 I didn t see your sister at the meeting If she she would have met my brother A has come B did come C came D had come 21 When a pencil is partly in a glass of water it looks as if it A breaks B has broken C were broken D had been broken 22 You didn t let me drive If we in turn you so tired 12 A drove didn t get B drove wouldn t get C were driving wouldn t get D had driven wouldn t have got 23 She couldn t have answered the question if she a few books on world history A hadn t read B hasn t read C wouldn t read D didn t read 24 If it so hard we d go to town A isn t raining B weren t raining C doesn t rain D has rained 25 Our former math teacher died of cancer last term otherwise he A will still work B should still work C would still have worked D would still be working 26 The soldier died in the hospital He if the doctor on him two hours earlier A might be saved operated B could be saved had operated C could have been saved had operated D had been saved was operated 27 It s time that you home and I d rather you again tomorrow A are going will com