巧学情态动词

1 巧学情态动词巧学情态动词 重庆市武隆中学 罗映红重庆市武隆中学 罗映红 情态动词是英语中的一个重要语法项目 也是语言学习中的一个难点 也 是历年高考必考内容 它的考试热点在于情态动词的基本用法 情态动词表示 态度的用法 情态动词表推测的用法以及情态动词在虚拟语气中的运用 因此 如何学好情态动词就成了学生的一个难题 结合本人十多年的教学实践 把情 态动词的用法编成歌决 让学生易学易记 一 shall 的用法 口诀 疑问句中表请求和建议 所用人称第三和第一 陈述句中表决心和命令 还有允诺 警告和强制 条约规章中表规义 shall 用法要牢记 1 在疑问句中表示征求对方的意见和指示可以用于第一 三人称 意思是 要 不要 或者是 好吗 e g Shall we go to the theater tonight Shall he come to see you 2 用语陈述句中表示允诺 命令 警告 决心或强制等 e g You shall get the answer tomorrow 允诺 Then you shall come 命令 Nothing shall stop us from carrying out our plan 决心 He shall be sorry for it one day 警告 3 在条约规章中表规定和义务 e g Passenger shall not talk with the driver when the bus is moving 二 will 的用法 口诀 疑问句中表请求建议 所用人称第二要牢记 陈述句中表愿意 所用人称无限制 若表习惯和倾向 will 用来不必疑 1 疑问句中表示请求和邀请用第二人称 e g Will you come with us 2 陈述句中表意愿人称无限制 2 e g I will never talk about that again If you will allow me I will see you home 3 表某种习惯倾向和习惯性的动作 e g Fish will die out of water Oil and water will not mix 4 表揣测意思是 大概 e g This will be the house that you are looking for That will be the post 三 would 的用法 口诀 would 也表请求和建议 语气委婉更合适 条件句中表虚拟 主句之中构谓语 used to 对比今昔 would 重复如一 1 条件句中表虚拟 在主句中构成谓语 e g If there were an accident we would have to report it Don t bother to read all those papers it would take too long 2 委婉地提出请求 建议或看法 e g Would you like to have a cup of tea Would you mind taking part 3 表过去反复发生的动作或倾向 而 used to 表示过去常干某事而现在不再那 样做了 e g Occasionally she would come to see us Now and then a magpie would call When I was young I used to go swimming in the river 4 表意愿 e g I would do it if you would let me She would never agree 四 can could 的用法 口诀 can could 表能力 否定疑问表猜疑 could have done 本可以 表委婉请求 could 更适宜 be able to 与 can 同义 更多时态后天的努力 1 表能力 e g The nine year old boy can swim across the river 3 Could you follow her talk Two eyes can see more than one 2 表客观可能性 e g Everyone can make a mistake Man can not live without air 3 表征询对方意见和允许 此时 Could 语气更委婉 回答时不能用 could 而要 用 can e g Could I smoke here Yes you can No you can t 4 表惊异 怀疑 不相信等态度 e g Where can could they be now He couldn t can t be over fifty 5 在虚拟条件句中构成谓语 e g I would help you if I could If you had tried hard you could have overcome the difficulties 6 could have done 用于肯定句 表示那时本来可以做某事而实际上又没做 e g We could have solved the problem in a more reasonable fashion 7 be able to 表通过努力才做到 可用于更多的时态如 将来时态 完成时态 等 而 can 只表现在能力 could 表过去某时的能力 e g After finishing his courses he will be able to speak French will I m sorry I haven t been able to answer your letter He was able to take care of himself when he was ten 五 may might 的用法 口诀 may migh 表请求 might 委婉更合意 表揣测常用肯定句 否定句常被 can 代替 目的让步中组成谓语 表祝愿 may 独一 一 may 的用法 1 询问或说明一件事可不可以做 e g May I trouble you with a question Yes you may please certainly No please don t you mustn t 2 表示一件事或许会发生 此时多用于肯定句 否定句中常用 can 来代替 翻译为 也许 e g He may be engaged now She may not be here today 3 在表示目的或让步状语的从句中构成谓语 e g Write to him at once so that he may know in time Come what may we ll always stand together 4 4 表祝愿 e g May you succeed May you enjoy yourself 二 might 的用法 1 询问或说明一件事可不可以做 比 may 语气更委婉 e g Might I ask for a photo of your baby 2 表示一件事或许会发生 此时多用于肯定句 只是可能性要比 may 弱 翻译为 大概 e g You might have a fever The paper says that it might rain tomorrow 3 在表示在表示目的或让步状语的从句中构成谓语 e g He died so that the others might live 4 在虚拟条件句中构成谓语 e g If she had made better use of her time she might have leant more 六 must have to 的用法 口诀 Must 主观表必须 否定句中表禁止 肯定句中表猜疑 表示某事 一定是 反意问句要留意 must 后动词是依据 have to 客观事 更多时态能用之 1 must 表示必须要做的事 强调主观意愿 用于否定句时意思是 不允许 禁止 要注意 must 的一般问句的肯定和否定回答 e g We must do everything step by step We mustn t smoke here Must I do it at once Yes you must No you needn t you don t have to 2 表必然的结果 e g All men must die 3 表猜测 只用于肯定句 此时 must 意思是 某事一定是 比 may might 要肯定得多 它的反意问句要与 must 后的动词和时态保持一致 1 对此时的情况或将要发生的动作进行猜测 用 must 动词原形 e g This must be your room isn t it 2 对正在发生的动作进行猜测 用 must be doing e g He must be having lunch now isn t he 3 对过去发生的动作或已经发生的动作进行猜测 用 must have done 有明确的过去时间 反意问句用一般过去时 否则用现在完成时 5 e g It must have rained last night didn t it They must have missed the train haven t they 4 have to 强调客观需要 比 must 有更多的时态 e g Her mother was ill she had to look after her We ll have to reconsider the whole thing 七 should ought to 的用法 口诀 should ought to 都表责任和道义 词义 应该 要牢记 Should 常用于虚拟 ought to 常强于语气 接 have done 应该而未做之事 接 not have done 不该做而做之 一 should 的用法 1 should 常用于虚拟语气中 1 用在条件句的主句或从句中 e g What should we do if they should fail to carry out the plan Let me know if you should hear more news 2 用在 lest for fear that in case 等表目的的状语从句中 e g Remind me of it in case I should forget it She took her raincoat for fear that she should be caught in the rain 3 用在表示命令 请求 建议等的名词性从句中 e g His suggestion that you should go home is right They moved that you should be made a member of the committee 4 用在表示惊异 赞叹 不满等情绪的句子中 e g It s unfair that so many people should lost their jobs It s strange that he should have failed in the final exam 2 构成复合谓语 表示应该做或发生的事 e g We shouldn t throw cold water on him We should always bear this in mind 3 表示猜测 Should have done 表示应该做而又没做 Shouldn t have done 表示不应该做而又做了 e g I should have thought of that They shouldn t have left so soon 二 Ought 的用法 1 表示应该做的事情 语气比 should 重 e g We ought to help each other in our work You ought not to write so carelessly 6 2 表示非常可能 e g Lao Zhang ought to know her address 3 ought to have done should have done Ought not to have done should not have done e g We ought to have given you more help You ought not to have done that 八 need dare 的用法 口诀 Need dare 真奇诡 既情态又行为 是行为把 to 随 是情态把 to 退 若 need 主语是物 doing to be done 跟得对 一 need 的用法 1 作为情态动词 只用于否定句和疑问句 此时没有人称和数的变化 接不带 to 的动词不定式 e g You needn t call him Need I stay here this evening Yes you must No you needn t 2 作为实义动词可以