【三年经典】全国各地2011-2013年高考英语 试题分类汇编 说明文类

1 三年经典三年经典 2011 2013 2011 2013 年全国各地高考英语试题分类汇编 说明年全国各地高考英语试题分类汇编 说明 文类文类 1 2011 全国 II 完形填空 There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere We can see there is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train on the 21 home from work in the evenings A man will be 22 the newspaper and seconds later it 23 as if he is trying to 24 it Or he will fall asleep on the shoulder of the stranger 25 next to him 26 place where unplanned short sleep 27 is in the lecture hall where a student will start snoring 打鼾 so 28 that the professor has to ask another student to 29 the sleeper awake A more embarrassing 尴尬 situation occurs when a student starts falling into sleep and the 30 of the head pushes the arm off the 31 and the movement carries the 32 of the body along The student wakes up on the floor with no 33 of getting there The worst time to fall asleep is when 34 Police reports are full of 35 that occur when people fall into sleep and go 36 the road If the drivers are 37 they are not seriously hurt One woman s car 38 went into the river She woke up in four feet of 39 and thought it was raining When people are really 40 nothing will stop them from falling asleep no matter where they are 21 A way B track C path D road 22 A buying B folding C delivering D reading 23 A acts B shows C appears D sounds 24 A open B eat C find D finish 25 A lying B waiting C talking D sitting 26 A Next B Every C Another D One 27 A goes on B ends up C lasts D returns 28 A bravely B happily C loudly D carelessly 2 29 A leave B shake C keep D watch 30 A size B shape C weight D strength 31 A cushion B desk C shoulder D book 32 A action B position C rest D side 33 A memory B reason C question D purpose 34 A thinking B working C walking D driving 35 A changes B events C ideas D accidents 36 A up B off C along D down 37 A lucky B awake C calm D strong 38 A in time B at first C as usual D for example 39 A dust B water C grass D bush 40 A tired B drunk C lonely D lazy 21 25ADCBD 26 30 CACBC 31 35BCADD 36 40BADBA 2 2 2011 2011 湖南卷 填空题完形湖南卷 填空题完形 SectionSection C C 1212 marksmarks Directions Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context Does going to college really pay off Certainly I remember taking 48 English class in college on the short story Our first assignment was to read 49 short stones and then discuss which one was better After reading both I wasn t sure Over the 50 several months my professor taught me 51 one story was so much better than the other wan humorous 52 was rich in metaphor 隐喻 and character development while the other was humorous 53 too shallow I couldn t see this at first Yet in a few months my brain got reeducated an 54 could see the difference between good and bad writing and could appreciate literature at a whole new level Going to college helps build a strong mind which leads 55 greater success in one s life 按照 2009 样题及 2010 年真题来推测 填空题完形应该是篇说明文 但今年的填空题 完形文章的体裁有些出人意料 是一篇记叙文 作者通过记录自己在大学的一个片段 得 出大学对于学生的重要作用 48 答案 an 名词前缺少冠词修饰 留意 English 前的冠词应填 an 3 49 答案 two 后文的 better both 以及 the other 均有所提示 50 答案 next 按照记叙文时间发展先后顺序 填 next 此题略有难度 51 答案 why 教授告诉我的是如何判断一个比另一个更好 所以应填 why 52 答案 one 后文 while the other 给与提示 53 答案 but while 前后对比得出答案 54 答案 I 此句缺少主语 容易得出答案 I 55 答案 to 固定搭配 lead to 整体来说 今年湖南高考英语完形部分虽有部分出人意料 填空完形为记叙文 但 从出题点及题目难度来说 与往年真题及样题差别不大 建议考生在今后的练习中多阅读 多背单词 多培养语感 4 quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit 文章大意 本文是一篇说明文 文章介绍了 Honey Lover s Helper 独特的掠食方式 帮助人和动物找 到蜂蜜 待到他们吃掉蜂蜜后 它再吃蜂蜡 科学家们对此也感到迷惑不解 60 Why is it difficult to find a wild bees nest A It s small in size B It s hidden in trees C It s covered with wax D It s hard to recognize 答案 B 解析 根据文章第一段 Often these nests are high up in trees and it is difficult to find them 可知 B 正确 考点定位 考查细节理解 5 61 What do the words the follower in Paragraph 2 refer to A A bee B A bird C A honey seeker D A beekeeper 答案 C 解析 根据文章中 In parts of Africa though people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper 一 a little bird called a honey guide 可推知 跟在 honey guide 后面的是 people and animals 而他们统称为 honey seeker 寻找蜂蜜的人或动物们 考点定位 考查判断推理 62 The honey guide is special in the way A it gets its food B it goes to church C it sings in the forest D it reaches into bees nests 答案 A 解析 根据文章的最后一段可知 Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax but it is very determined in its efforts to get it 科学家 们都不知道为什么 honey guide 对蜂蜡感兴趣 当然他们获得蜂蜡的方式也更加特别 考点定位 考查判断推理 63 What can be the best title for the text A Wild Bees C Beekeeping in Africa B Wax and Honey D Honey Lover s Helper 答案 D 解析 文章通篇都在叙述有关 Honey Lover s Helper 的事情 第一段通过叙述引出 Honey Lover s Helper 中心词 第二段叙述 Honey Lover s Helper 获取蜂蜡是过程 第 三段科学家们对 Honey Lover s Helper 的感到迷惑 考点定位 考查文章的标题总结 2 2012 全国 II 6 A Cold weather can be hard on pets just like it can be hard on people Sometimes owners forget that their cats are just as used to the warm shelter 住所 as they are Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors This can put their pets in danger of serious illness There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad If you have to take them out stay outside with them When you re cold enough to go inside they probably are too If you must leave them outside for a long time make sure they have a warm solid shelter against the wind thick bedding and plenty of non frozen water If left alone outside dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere Watch them closely when they are left outdoors and provide them with shelter of good quality Keep an eye on your pet s water Sometimes owners don t realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet can t get anything to drink Animals that don t have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside which may contain something unhealthy for them 7 解析 根据第二段中的 If you have to take them out stay outside with them When you re cold enough to go inside they probably are too 可知 当你感到冷 的时候就会进房间 它们也是如此 所以 A 正确 考点定位 考查细节理解 43 If pets are left on their own outdoors in cold weather they may A run short of clean water B dig deep holes for fun C dirty the snow nearbyD get lost in the wild 答案 A 解析 根据文章第三段中的 a water bowl has frozen and their pet can t get anything to drink 可知 当水盆被冻之后 宠物就可能找不到干净的水喝 故选 A 考点定位 考查细节理解 44 What is the purpose of this text A To solve a problem B To give practical advice C To tell an interesting story D To present a research result 8 答案 B 解析 根据第一段的中心句 There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe 可知 这是一篇说明文 其目的是为了给养宠物的人们一些实用的建议 考点定位 考查作者的写作意图 B You may think that sailing is a difficult sport but it is really not hard to learn it You do not need to be strong But you need to be quick And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind First you must ask yourself Where is the wind coming from Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side You must think about this all the time on the boat The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail Let s start with the wind blowing from the behind This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat It should be at a 90 angle 角度 to the boat Then it will catch the wind best If the wind is blowing from the side it is blowing across the boat In this case you must keep the sail half way outside the boat It should be at a 45 angle to the boat It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind but it shouldn t flap 摆动 It shouldn t look like on a flagpole If it is flapping it is probably out too far and the boat will slow down Sailing into the wind is not possible If you try the sail will flap and the boat will stop You may want to go in that direction It is possible but you can t go in a straight line You must go first in one direction and then in another This is called tacking When you are tacking you must always keep the sail inside the boat 文章大意 本文是一篇说明文 文章介绍了帆船运动的一些常识 进行帆船运动必须掌握风向 风向 决定着帆船的运动速度 后文分别就顺风行驶 侧风行驶和逆风行驶进行了阐述 45 What should you consider first while sailing 9 A Sailors strength B Wave levels C Wind directions D Size of sails 答案 C 解析 根据第二段中的 First you must ask yourself Where is the wind coming from Is it com 48 Where can you probably find the text A In a popular magazine B In a tourist guidebook C In a physics textbook D In an official report 答案 A 解析 帆船运动是普通的一种体育运动 因此 本文很可能从流行杂志中节选 考点定位 考查推理判断 3 2012 陕西卷 C C Eating too much fatty food exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease But there is another factor that can cause 10 your heart problems more immediately the air you breathe Previous studies have linked high exposure 暴露 to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problem but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke 中风 within as little as a few hours after exposure In one review of the research scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants 污染物 were up to 5 more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U S Environmental Protection Agency EPA considers to be of moderate 良好 quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34 within 12 to 14 hours of exposure The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure However it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health 53 The text mainly discusses the relationship between A heart problems and air quality B heart problems and exercising C heart problems and smoking D heart problems and fatty food 54 The underlined word modest in Paragraph 3 most probably means A relatively high B extremely low C relatively low D extremely high 55 What can we learn from the text A Eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart B The EPA conducted many studies on air quality C Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking D Stricter regulations on pollutants should be made 56 The author s purpose of writing the text is most likely to 11 A inform B persuade C describe D entertain C C8 2012 陕西卷 要点综述 众所周知 摄入过多脂肪 缺乏锻炼以及长期吸烟会增加患心脏病的风险 但最新的研究表明 另外一项我们平时不注意的东西更使我们患心脏病的风险大大增加 那就是我们所呼吸的空气 53 答案与解析 A 主旨大意题 根据本文主题句 第一自然段的最后一句可知本 文大意是说明空气质量和心脏病发病率之间的关系 选 A 54 答案与解析 C 词义猜测题 modest 原意是 谦虚的 温和的 由此可以推断出 本文中其意思是 相对较低的 选 C 55 答案与解析 D 事实细节题 根据最后一句可知本题选 D 56 答案与解析 A 写作意图题 本文是一篇说明文 主要意思是说明人们所呼吸的 空气和心脏病的发病率之间的关系 由此可知作者的写作目的是告知人们一个事实 故本题选 A 4 2012 四川卷 E E Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted 预测 in reaction to climate change which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world changing some living patterns scientists say Increased carbon dioxide CO2 in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth Predicting species reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology said the researches of several U S universities They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services The study published on the Nature website uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1 634 species It found that some experiments had underestimated 低估 the speed of flowering by 8 5 times and leafing by 4 times Across all species the experiments under predicted the speed of the advance for both leafing and flowering that results from temperature 12 increases the study said The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change it said Plants are necessary for life on the Earth They are the base of the food chain using photosynthesis 光合作用 to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet Scientists believe the world s average temperature has risen by about 0 8 since 1900 and nearly 0 2 every ten years since 1979 So far efforts to cut emissions 排放 of planet warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2 this century a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common leading to drought floods crop failures and rising sea levels 57 What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1 A Plants reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystem B The increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists expectation C Climate change leads to the change of food production patterns D Food chains have been seriously damaged because of weather 58 We can learn from the study published on the Nature website that A plants flowering is 8 5 times faster than leafing B there are 1 634 plant species on the four continents C scientists should improve the design of the experiments D the experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change 59 Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because A they can prove the climate change clearly B they are very important in the food chains C they play a leading role in reducing global warming D they are growing and flowering much faster than before 60 What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the world s 13 temperature A It has risen nearly 0 2 since 1979 B Its change will lead to weather extremes C It is 0 8 higher in 1979 than that of 1990 D It needs to be controlled within 2 in this century 5 2012 重庆卷 C C There is no better way to enjoy Scottish traditions than going fishing and tasting a little whisky 威士忌 at a quiet place like the Inverlochy Castle When Queen Victoria visited the in 1873 she wrote in her diary I never saw a lovelier spot And she didn t even go fishing Scotland is not easily defined In certain moments this quiet land of lakes and grass mountains changes before your very eyes When evening gently sweeps the hillside into orange the rivers teeming with fish can turn into streams of gold As you settle down with just a people and a basket on the bank of River Orchy near the Inverlochy castle any frustration will float away as gently as the circling water It s just you and purple pink white flowers a perfect harmony If you are a new comer to fishing Learning the basics form a fishing leave you with a lifetime s fun Four many fishing is more than a sport it is an art Scotland offers interesting place where you can rest after a long day s fishing Set wild mountain and hidden behind woodland the beautiful Inverlochy Castle Hotel below the a perfect place to see the beauty of Scotland s 14 mountains Ben Nevis is the highest of mountains and reaching its 1342 metre top is a challenge But it s not just what goes matters what comes down is unique More than 900 metres high on the mountain s north an all important source of pure water Its name comes form the Gaelic language usqueba water of life And it is the single most important ingredient 原料 in Scotland s best know whisky 考点 说明文 文章大意 短文介绍了苏格兰是一个好地方 是一个著名的旅游胜地 漂亮的城堡 美 丽的河流等会令人流连忘返 64 The story of Queen Victoria is to show that A the queen is rich in tour experience B the Castle is a good place to go in Scotland C tasting whisky is better than going fishing D 1873 is a special year for the queen 64 答案 B 试题解析 短文第 1 段提到 I never saw a lovelier spot And she didn t even go fishing 由此结合上下文可知 苏格兰的这座城堡是值得去的好地方 在四个 选项中 B 选项内容与此相符 因此 正确答案为 B 选项 难度 一般 65 How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed A By giving descriptions B By flowering time order C By analyzing causes D By making comparisons 65 答案 A 试题解析 浏览短文第 2 段 会发现作者以描写的方式来展开内容要点的 由此可知 A 选项符合题意 因此 正确答案为 A 选项 难度 一般 66 What is Ben Nevis special for A The Inverlochy Castle Hotel B The beauty of its surroundings C The water from the mountain D The challenge up to its top 66 答案 C 试题解析 短文最后一段提到 Ben Nevis is the highest of mountains And it is 15 the single most important ingredient 原料 in Scotland s best know whisky 由此可知 Ben Nevis 的特别之处在于它的水纯正 是生产威士忌的最重要原料 在选项 中 C 选项内容与此相符 因此 正确答案为 C 选项 难度 一般 67 What is the main purpose of the passage A To introduce Scottish traditions to tourists B To show the attractions of Scotland to readers C To explore geographical characteristics of Scotland 67 答案 B 试题解析 浏览全文 不难发现短文的主要目的是想向读者展示苏格兰的这座胜地 由 此可知 C 选项符合题意 因此 正确答案为 C 选项 难度 一般 6 2012 辽宁卷 B Astronauts on shorter shuttle missions 使命 often work very long days Tasks are scheduled so tightly that break times are often used to finish the day s work This type of schedute is far too demanding for long missions on the Internaitional Space Sttation ISS ISS crewmembers usually live in space for at least a quarter of a year They work five days on and two days off to mimic the normal way they do things on Earth as much as possible Weekends give the crew valuable Weekends give the crew valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework They can communicate with family and friends by email isternet phone and throhgh Private video conferenes While astronauts cannot go to a baseball game or a movie in orbit there are many familiar activetics that they can stil enjoy Before a mission The family and friends of each ISS crewmember put together a collection of family photos messages videos and reading material for The astromauts to look at when they will be floating 370 kilometers above the Earth During ther m