【志鸿优化设计】2014届高考英语第一轮复习 （归纳拓展+巩固提升）语法专题九 省略句和强调句（含解析） 译林牛津版

1 语法专题九语法专题九 省略句和强调句省略句和强调句 一 省略 考点一 不定式中的省略 1 感官动词或使役动词 feel notice see hear let make have 等 后接不 定式作宾语补足语时常省略 to I heard my father sing in the kitchen 2 在由 and 或 or 连接的并列不定式结构中常省略后面的 to I want to finish my homework and go home 3 在某些形容词 如 glad happy pleased 等 后面时常保留 to 而省略上文已提 到的动词原形 Will you join us in the game I d be glad to 4 在 do nothing but can t help but why not would rather than had better 等句型中省略 to The little boy could do nothing but cry 5 to 后的内容常承前省略 只保留 to 即可 但如果承前省略的不定式中有 have 或 be 的任何形式 后应该保留原形 be 或 have Susan is not what she used to be 考点二 定语从句中的省略 1 在限制性定语从句中 如果关系代词 that which whom 作从句中的宾语 可将关 系代词省略 Do you know the man whom our teacher spoke to 2 先行词 the way 关系词作状语 time 次数 后的定语从句常省略关系词 I don t like the way in which that he spoke to others I can t remember how many times that I have failed 考点三 状语从句中的省略 1 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句谓语动词含有 be 时 可省略状语从句 的主语和 be 动词 When he was young he helped his parents do a lot of housework 2 当从句的主语是 it 谓语动词是 be 动词时 可以把 it 和 be 一起省略 此时构成 连词 if unless when whenever 形容词 的结构 Though it was cold he still wore a shirt Please call me if it is necessary 3 if so not 省略句式中 用 so not 代替上文的内容 Get up early tomorrow If not If you don t get up early you will miss the early bus 二 强调 考点一 强调句型的基本结构 1 强调句型 It is was 被强调的成分 that who 其他成分 用来强调主语 宾 语和状语等除谓语之外的成分 it 在句中无意义 只起引出被强调部分的作用 被强调的 部分指人时 除可用 that 外 还可换用 who 强调宾语指人时也可用 whom 其他情况一 律用 that 强调主语时 that 后的谓语动词必须与被强调的主语在人称和数上保持一致 It is I who that am from America 2 强调主语时 that 或 who 后面的谓语动词的形式仍然取决于原句中的主语 be 的 变化只有 is 和 was 两种形式 如果要表示现在时 将来时的其他各种形式时 就用 It is 表达过去时的各种形式时 用 It was It was him that I met on the street yesterday 考点二 强调句型的特殊结构 2 1 一般疑问句 Is Was it 被强调部分 that who 其他部分 用陈述语序 Was it Tom that won the first prize 2 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 is was it that 该句的其余部分 that 后只能使 用陈述语序 When was it that you met the pop star 3 在 not until 强调结构中 由 until 所引导的短语或从句作时间状语时 要 用固定的强调句型 It is was not until that 该句的其余部分 that 所引导的 从句中的谓语动词用肯定式 It was not until you came back that I finished the work 考点三 强调句与定语从句 主语从句 宾语从句的区别 强调句型要注意和 it 代表时间 距离 温度 自然现象 具体事物或人物等时所构成 的各种句型的区别 判断是否是强调句 可采用 还原法 即把 It is was that who 去掉 如果还原为一般句式后 句子各种成分完整 则是强调句 否 则不是 1 强调句与定语从句的区别 定语从句中 that 是充当从句的成分的 而在强调结构中 that 无任何意义 It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday 强调句 that 无意义 It was the street that he took a photo of 定语从句 that 充当从句中 of 的 宾语 2 强调句与主语从句的区别 主语从句中 it 作形式主语 that 引导真正的主语从句 去掉 it be 和 that 句式不完 整 若为强调句式 去掉之后句式完整 It is a fact that he is an honest man 主语从句 It is he that is an honest man 强调句 3 强调句与状语从句的区别 尤其出现 it be 时间 时 一定要区分是强调句还是时间状语从句 It was eight o clock when he came back 时间状语从句 It was at eight o clock that he came back 强调句 考点四 do 表强调 1 在一般句型中 do does did 常用来强调谓语动词的语气 在句中要重读 且 需符合下列两个条件 一是句子是肯定句 二是句子中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般过 去时 此时的 do 可译为 真的 果真 的确 确实 等 You do look nice today 你今天看起来真的很漂亮 2 在祈使句中 do 表示强烈的请求 而不是命令 有时它可以使对对方的邀请更加 客气 热情 友好 亲切 此时的 do 可译为 务 务必 等 Please do sit down 务请坐下 1 2012 上海高考 Was it by cutting down staff she saved the firm No it was by improving work efficiency A when B what C how D that 2 2012 重庆高考 It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic Zheng He had sailed to East Africa A when B that C after D since 3 2012 湖南高考 It was not until I came here I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather A who B that C where D before 4 2011 陕西高考 It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do benefits our work most A who B which C that D what 3 5 2011 重庆高考 Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree Of course I have It was in our village it was made A that B where C when D which 6 2011 湖南高考 It s not what we do once in a while shapes our lives but what we do consistently A which B that C how D when 7 2011 全国高考 It was a nice meal a little expensive A though B whether C as D since 8 2011 江苏高考 It sounds like something is wrong with the car s engine we d better take it to the garage immediately A Otherwise B If not C But for that D If so 9 2013 河北保定八校联考 You ought to have thought of that but you A haven t B didn t C don t D can t 10 2013 成都高新区统一测试 I saw your uncle take a taxi to the airport Why didn t you drive him there I But my car A would was fixed B would have was fixed C would have was being fixed D did was being fixed 11 Have you been to the Great Wall Perhaps not in my memory it might have been during my early childhood A If any B If ever C If not D If possible 12 2013 辽宁鞍山模拟 In summer food will go bad if in room temperature A leaving B left C being left D having left 13 2013 北京朝阳期中 He didn t feel a bit nervous when No He d spent a lot of time preparing for it after all A interviewing B interviewed C having interviewed D to be interviewed 14 2013 福建三明期中 you write so well By reading and keeping diaries every day A How is it B What is it C How is it that D What is it that 15 2013 山西山大附中期中 Will you go to see the movie A Simple Noodle Story tomorrow evening No I am going to a lecture or at least I am planning A to B so C go D that 16 2013 甘肃天水模拟 Can you tell me it was your brother s cell phone was lost A where that B which that C that where D where which 17 2013 河北邯郸质检 Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday Yes I m going to visit an old friend in the city A If ever B If busy C If anything D If possible 18 2013 四川成都外国语学校月考 Having an outdoor meal is always fun but it can also be damaging to the planet if 4 A planned not carefully B not planning carefully C not planned carefully D not to be planned carefully 19 Why was that the old woman was sent to prison A he B it C that D what 20 2013 江西师大附中英语月考 Mr Green didn t understand made his daughter so absent minded this morning A how that was B what was it C why it was that D what it was that 21 2013 云南玉溪一中英语月考 I would have paid a visit to you possible A if it were B would it be C had it been D should it have been 5 参考答案参考答案 1 D 从句意的连贯看 本空所在问句是强调句的一般疑问句 陈述句的表达是 It was by cutting down staff that she saved the firm 她通过裁减员工挽救了公司 因此本空选 D 项 2 B 强调的是时间状语 故用 that 来引导 句意 是在克里斯托弗 哥伦布横渡大 西洋 80 年前 郑和就已经航海到了非洲东部 故选 B 项 3 B 句意 我直到来到这儿才意识到此处出名的不仅是它的美而且还有这里的天气 判断强调句式的方法是将 it is was that 去掉时句式是否完整 不难看出此处是强调 not until 引导的时间状语 故 B 项正确 4 C 句意 不是我们做了多少而是我们在所做的事情中投入了多少爱对我们的工作 最有益 该强调句型强调的是句子的主语 主语是 not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do 5 A 句意 你看过 山楂树之恋 这部电影吗 当然了 这部电影就是在 我们村子里拍摄的 根据句意和句子结构可知 in our village 在句中作状语 故用 that 构成强调句型 6 B 分析句子结构可知 该句是强调句型 强调主语 not but 连接两个并列 主语 句意 决定我们的生活的不是我们偶尔做的事情 而是我们一贯做的事情 故选 B 项 7 A 句意 那是一顿不错的饭 尽管有点贵 though 尽管 引导让步状语从句 该句是省略句 补全后为 though it was a little expensive 注意 as 也可以表示 尽管 但 as 作 尽管 讲时 必须使用倒装结构 whether 是否 与 since 因为 自从 不符合语境 8 D 句意 听起来车的发动机好像有问题 如果是那样的话 我们最好立刻把它弄 到汽修厂去 otherwise 否则 要不然 if not 要不 不然 but for that 若不是 因为那件事 if so 若是这样 9 B 句意 你本来应该想到的 但你没有 后面的句子是省略句 补充完整为 but you didn t think of that 10 C 句意 我看见你叔叔乘出租车去飞机场了 你为什么不开车送他呢 我本来应该去的 但我的车子正在修理 第一个空是省略的形式 补充完整为 I would have driven him there fix 和 my car 之间为动宾关系 而且表示被动的动作正进行 故选 C 项 11 B if ever 是 if I have ever been to the Great Wall 的省略 12 B 将从句补充完整为 if it is left in room temperature 从句主语与主句 主语一致 且从句谓语动词为 be 的形式