直接引语和间接引语

直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语 直接引用别人所讲的话叫 直接引语 The Direct Speech 通常放在引号内 用自己的话 转述别人所讲的话叫 间接引语 The Indirect Speech 间接引语在大多数情况下构成宾 语从句 直接引语与间接引语之间可以相互转换 转换时通常要注意人称 句式 时态及 状语等各方面的变化 一 人称变化 直接引语转换为间接引语时 人称代词要根据说话人所处的立场而进行适当的改变 如 Uncle Li said I will pick you up after wook this evening Uncle Li said he would pick me up after wook that evening 二 句式变化 1 直接宾语为陈述句时 转化为间接引语要用 that 有时可省略 来引导 如 Tom said My father got home from the park Tom said that his father had got home from the park 2 直接引语为疑问句时 转化时要注意将间接引语中的宾语从句部分改为陈述语序 同时 引导宾语从句的连接词要视情况而定 1 直接引语为一般疑问句时 要用 whether if 来引导 同时要注意如果原句的谓语为 say 时要改为 ask 必要时还可加上一个间接宾语 me him us 等 如 Have you seen her somewhere Anderson said Anderson asked me whether if I had seen her somewhere 2 直接引语为特殊疑问句时 引导词为原句的特殊疑问词 如 What are you doing she shouted at me agrily She asked me what I was doing angrily 3 直接引语是选择疑问句时 转化时间接引语的谓语动词可以选择 wonder ask 等词 宾 语从句由 whether or not 来引导 例如 My grandma said sorrowly Are you leaving today or tomorrow My grandma asked sorrowly whether I was leaving that day or the next day 3 直接引语是祈使句时 转化时多使用一个不定式 谓语可根据语气来定 如 用 ask sb not to do 来表示 请求 用 tell order sb not to do 来表示 命令 三 时态变化 直接引语转化为间接引语时 宾语从句中的谓语一般要转化成与直接引语相对应的过去的 时态 当然 若直接引语使用了过去完成时 转化时就不需要再作改变了 四 状语等其他变化 直接引语改为间接引语时 除以上的人称变化 句式变化 时态变化外 还要注意状语等 其他变化 主要有 1 时间状语变化 如 now then today that day tonight that night yesterday the day before last week the week before tomorrow the next day 等 2 地点状语变化 如 here there 等 3 指示代词变化 如 this that these those 等 4 谓语动词变化 如 come go 等 五 其它需要注意的地方 1 直接引语如果是客观真理或客观事实时 变为间接引语时 时态不变 如 The teacher said The earth goes round the sun The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun 2 直接引语是一般过去时并且和具体时间状语连用时 改为间接引语时 时态一般不变 如 The teaching building was set up in 2004 he said He said that the teaching building was set up in 2004 3 如果在当地转述 那么 here 不必改为 there come 不必改为 go 如果在当天转述 yesterday tomorrow 等时间状语也不必改变 如 Come here at 8 00 tommorrow I said I asked him to come here at 8 00 today but he hasn t appeared until now 同步练习 1 She said Are you from the south She asked I from the south 2 Mom said to me Don t tell a lie Mom me tell a lie 3 Susan said to me We visited the Red Star Farm last week Susan told me that the Red Star Farm 4 Mr Paul said to us Light travels faster than sound Mr Paul us that light faster than sound 5 Go and post the letters the manager said to him The manager him and post the letters 单项选择 1 Where was Alice s sister I don t know where A was Alice s sister B Alice s sister was C is Alice s sister D Alice s sister is 2 What did he say I don t know what A did he say B he says C he has said D he said 3 I don t know A the reason why can be B why the reason may be C what the reason can be D what the reason may be 4 I wonder which of the following is not the right choice A whether she will be fit for the job or not B whether or not she will be fit for the job C if she will be fit for the job D what she will be fit for the job 5 Is Mr Wu from Beijing I don t know A where does he come from B from where does he come C which city he comes from D what city he comes from 6 Can you make sure A that he will come here today B when he will come here today C will he come here today D whether will he come here today 7 Do you happen to know A where is her address B in which place is her address C what her address is D the place her address is 8 Excuse me but can you tell me A where can I get to the library B where I can get to the library C how can I get to the library D how I can get to the library 9 John asked me to visit his uncle s farm with him A how would I like B if or not would I like