高中英语 话题导入（Module 6　Why Do We Need Dictionaries）教学素材 外研版选修9

1 ModuleModule 6 6 WhyWhy DoDo WeWe NeedNeed Dictionaries Dictionaries 话题导入话题导入 英语词汇起源及妙记英语词汇起源及妙记 School 学校学校 School 这个词是从希腊语 schole 一词来的 意思是 闲暇 在古希腊人看来 那些从 事战争和搞政治的人是辛苦的 而只有 闲暇 的人才有时间读书学习 后来 古希腊的哲 学家亚里士多德 柏拉图给青年讲课的地方就被称作 schole 这个词以后转成拉丁语词 school 后又被英语借用 和 school 密切相关的还有一个词 scholar 学者 同样道理 这个词是指那些有 闲 暇 时间读书 研究 构思以及进行学术讨论的人 背景知识背景知识 第一本英语词典是仅有 120 多页的一本小书 编者是一个叫罗伯特 考德雷的人 于 1604 年出版 书名为 词汇表 塞缪尔 约翰逊博士于 1746 年 6 月 18 日在早餐时 同出版商罗伯特 多德斯莱签署了 出版一本词典的合同 他的酬金是 1575 英镑 分期付款 他从中拿出钱来支付了高夫广场 17 号的租金 在这儿他设立了他的词典作坊 他的传记作者詹姆斯 博斯威尔形容约翰逊工作的阁楼 装置得像一间存账室 一张长 桌放在正中 抄写文员在桌边站着工作 约翰逊本人则在一张 很旧的摇摇晃晃的松木桌 旁置身在一把东倒西歪的椅子里 周围是乱糟糟的借来的书籍 他有 6 个助手帮忙 5 个苏 格兰人 其中一个是 下等黑话片语 的专家 以及 1 个英国人 其中有两个人在 词典 仍处于筹备期间就死了 他的工作量极其巨大 约翰逊写作用了大约 80 多本大号笔记本 写了四万多词条的定 义 从伊丽莎白时代的作家到他本人时代的有关所有主题的英语作品中引用了 11 4 万条引 文 以说明这些词条的意思 他并不指望达到完全的独创 为了赶截止期 他不得不从以 前的词典中撷精取华 把他的作品变成了一种具有英雄胆略的集大成之作 事实上他的成 果远不止于此 约翰逊与他之前的词典编纂者不同 他以实事求是的态度来对待英语 把 它当成一种活的语言 认为英语有着许多不同层次上的意义 他采纳的词条定义均基于英 国普通法的原则一一根据惯例 他的 词典 出版之后 一个多世纪里没有劲敌与之相匹 配 而且其中有些词条的定义一直十分 有名 约翰逊因其 词典 和其他作品而成名并受到景仰 他的朋友最后说服乔治三世 给 了他一笔养老金 从此 他就不用为生计担忧了 塞缪尔 约翰逊死于 1784 年 12 月 13 日 死后葬于威斯敏斯特大教堂 1791 年 他的 朋友兼学生博斯威尔 Boswell 出版了他的传记 后来成为经典 引入型阅读引入型阅读 Electronic Dictionaries The concept of high tech is not just for rocket scientists anymore It is trickling down to 2 everyday usage and serving a useful purpose for humanity The electronic dictionary also known as had held translator or pocket translator is an effective learning tool that captures students interest and does much more than just translate Idioms antonyms synonyms irregular verbs can be used interchangeably The class time is not wasted on the flip flip flip of dictionary pages any more This machine shortens much of the distance between English and Chinese speakers Students can be shown how to use the dictionary with little technical direction Using the dictionary removes the responsibility of the students who even don t know a word Beginners gain a feeling of control over their learning environment and learning process Even the most negative students lose their hatred of English by having a tool that simplifies and speeds up the learning process It s fast and easy Best of all not everyone has to have their own machines These can be shared The next obvious concern is which electronic dictionary to purchase There are many different ones on the market The credit card size ones do not have a large enough memory to be useful At least 20 megabytes are necessary If there are too many buttons in a small space the machine becomes boring to use The screen should be large enough so the user can easily read it Most electronic dictionaries also feature items such as a calendar or an appointment book a calculator or an alarm watch An honest evaluation of the user s needs should be considered True of False 1 An electronic dictionary can only be used as a translator 2 Beginners can gain much confidence by using this machine 3 When buying an electronic dictionary we should choose one with small size fashion style and many different functions 答案 答案 1 3 F T F 课前导引课前导引 一 词汇扫描一 词汇扫描 根据句意及各题括号中所给的汉语意思 从下面的方框中选择合适的单词 用其适当 形式填空 compile quotation fault comprehensive prolific abstract complexity arguable embarrassment immense faculty ample 1 There was 足够的 time to get to the airport 2 We are trying to 编制 a list of suitable people for the job 3 She retained her mental 官能 天赋 until the day she died 4 The book began with a 引语 from Goethe 5 There is still an 极大的 amount of work to be done 6 They were 彻底的 beaten in the final 7 I nearly died of 难堪 when he said that 8 That was one of the most 多产的 periods in her career 9 It is 有论据的 that giving too much detail may actually be confusing 10 The research shows that pre school children are capable of thinking in 抽象的 terms 11 I was astonished by the size and 复杂性 of the problem 12 It was his 过错 that we were late 答案 答案 1 ample pile 3 faculties 4 quotation 5 immense prehensively 7 embarrassment 8 prolific 9 arguable 10 abstract plexity 12 fault 二 句型聚焦二 句型聚焦 3 观察下列句子 试着归纳其划线部分所包含的句型结构 1 Work started on the second edition of the dictionary in 1957 and it took 29 years to complete 答案 答案 sth take s took 时间 to do 干某事花费多少时间 2 Christmas or birthday presents or to spend on our summer holidays and the only way to get it was to sort slips 答案 答案 the only way to do is was to do 做某事的惟一方式 方法是做 三 语法平台三 语法平台 观察下列句子中的画线部分并将其译成汉语 1 I can t understand why English is so complicated 答案 答案 为何 2 I do enjoy reading about history 答案 答案 的确 3 She wants me to h