高中英语 Unit 5 The power of nature期末知识梳理 新人教版选修6

1 人教新课标版高二选修六人教新课标版高二选修六 UnitUnit 5 5 TheThe powerpower ofof naturenature 期末知识梳期末知识梳 理理 一 训练导入一 训练导入 I I 考纲单词考纲单词 写出下列考纲词汇的词性和汉义 如果不止一个词性学生自行增补词性及相应汉义 1 volcano 2 ash 3 anxious 4 equipment 5 appoint 6 wave 7 absolute 8 suit 9 actual 10 precious 11 fog 12 document 13 rainbow 14 shoot 15 sweat II II 核心短语核心短语 1 be suitable 适合 2 be as 被任命为 3 be about 因 而焦虑 4 from to 由 到 不等 5 one s way to 前往 6 to the ground 全部焚毁 7 be buried under the 被埋在废墟 8 through 匆匆看一遍 9 have a for 有 天赋 10 be about 对 乐观 二 知识精讲二 知识精讲 2 I I 重点词汇重点词汇 1 equipment n U 典例 1 After a fire broke out in the lab a lot of equipment was damaged 实验室发生火灾后 许多设备都毁坏了 2 A good sleeping bag is an essential part of every camper s equipment 一个完好的睡袋是每个露宿者必不可少的装备 重点用法 equip sb sth with sth 用 装备起来 使具备 2 appoint vt 约定 任命 委任 典例 1 He was appointed mayor of the city 他被任命为市长 2 Please appoint a time for the meeting 请你约定开会时间 重点用法 break an one s appointment 违约 失约 have an appointment with sb at 要在某时间和某人有约会 keep an one s appointment 守约 Make fix an appointment with sb 与某人约会 by appointment 按照约定 照章 hold an appointment 担任某职 3 evaluate vt 评估 评价 估计 重点用法 evaluation n C U 评估 评价 评估报告 evaluate one s ability 评估某人的能力 evaluate the value quality of sth 评估某物的价值 质量 典例 1 I cannot evaluate his ability without seeing his work 没见过他的工作 我无法 评估他的能力 2 They made an intensive evaluation of the health care program 他们对医疗保健 计划进行了深入的评估 4 precious adj 贵重的 珍贵的 重点用法 preciously adv 昂贵地 preciousness n 珍贵 3 同义词 expensive adj 花费的 昂贵的 典例 1 You sho uld make good use of every precious minute to study 你应很好利用宝贵的每一分钟去学习 2 That old book is my most precious possession 那本旧书是我最珍贵的财产 3 My time is precious I can only give you a few minutes 我的时间很宝贵 我只 能见你几分钟 5 panic panicked panicked v 惊慌 n 惊慌 恐慌 重点用法 in a panic 感到惊慌 惊恐地 典例 1 The children panicked when the plans flied over the city 当飞机飞过城市的上空 孩子们惊慌失措 2 The thunder panicked the baby 雷声吓坏了婴儿 3 People in panic had nothing to do but wait for death 惊恐万分的人们只好坐以 待毙 6 diverse adj 多种多样的 不同的 典例 1 Her interests are very diverse 她的兴趣非常广泛 2 They are the people from diverse cultures 他们是些有着不同文化背景的人 3 The program deals with subjects as diverse as pop music and Beijing Opera 节目涉及从流行音乐到京剧这样形形色色的题材 重点用法 diversity n 差异 多样性 diversify v 使多样化 作多样性的投资 various adj 不同的 各种各样的 多方面的 多样的 different adj 不同的 7 guarantee vt 保证 担保 n 保证 保证书 保修 重点用法 guarantor 担保人 保证人 stand guarantee for 替 担任保证人 guarantee of sth that 的保证 guarantee sth against sth 许诺 反对 bank guarantee 银行担保 4 offer one s house as a guarantee 以房屋为担保品 典例 1 Blue skies are not always a guarantee of fine weather 蔚兰的天空并不永远保 证晴朗的天气 2 Many shopkeepers guarantee satisfaction to customers 许多店主对顾客保证满意 3 We cannot guarantee the punctual arrival of trains in fogy weather 雾天我们 不能保证火车准时到达 II II 重点词组重点词组 pare with 将 与 比较 强调将两者进行比较 短语归纳 compare A to B 将 比作 强调比喻 compared to with 与 相比较起来 在句中充当状语成分 用过去分词 介词可互换 典例 1 Man s life is often compared to a candle 人生常被喻为蜡烛 2 I compared the copy with the original but there was not much difference 我比较了复印件和原件 但是差别不是很大 3 Compared with to boys girls are more quiet and shy 相比男孩 女孩子要更文静 害羞些 2 burn to the ground 全部烧毁 短语归纳 burn up 因热度过高 烧坏 烧毁 燃得更旺 burn away 继续燃烧 burn down 全部焚毁 火势减弱 burn itself out 烧尽 烧完 burn oneself out 耗尽精力 精疲力竭 burn one s face in the sun 晒黑了脸 burn one s money 把钱挥霍掉 典例 1 Everybody is burning to know the good news 大家都急于想知道这则好消息 2 Don t leave the gas on you might burn the house down 别忘了关煤气炉 不然会 把房子烧掉的 3 The house burnt down in half an hour 那所房子在半小时之内就被焚为平地 5 make one s way 前往 非常艰难地行进 有出息 短语归纳 by the way 顺便说说 by way of 途经 go out of one s way 尽力 mend one s ways 改邪归正 out of the way 反常的 典例 1 If you want to make your way in the world you must learn to work hard while you are still young 你如果想有出息 年轻的时候就要学会勤奋 2 Will you be able to make your way to Taiwan 你能自己去台湾吗 3 She hesitated but made her way forward 她犹豫了一下 还是向前走去 4 The Red Army made their way from the south of China to the northwest which is called the Long March 中国工农红军从中国南方艰难地走到西北 这就叫做长征 3 impress sb with sth 使某人铭记某事 短语归纳 be impressed by 为 所感动 对 有印象 make an impression on sb that 给某人留下 印象 典例 1 The song impresses me with the old days in college 这首歌使我记起了大学里以 往的日子 2 All the tourists are impressed by the amazing sunset 所有的游客都被美妙的日 落景象迷住了 3 His talking and appearance made an impression on us that he had ever received a good education 他的言行举止让我们感觉到他曾经受过很好的教育 III III 重点句型重点句型 1 I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day 我刚要回去再睡 突然我的卧室亮如白昼 解释 be just about to do when 正要做 这时 突然 典例 1 I was just about to go out when the phone rang 我刚要出去这时电话响了 2 I was just about to leave when he came 我刚要离开 他就来了 6 2 It is said that this boy who had a great gift for languages and persuasion is the father of the Manchu people 解释 It is said that 据说 相类似的句型结构 It is proved announced believed expected stated thought reported that 典例 1 It is said that China is going to launch another spaceship this year 据说中国会在今年发射令一个宇宙飞船 2 It has been proved that eating vegetables inchildhood helps to protect you against serious illness in later life 孩童时多吃蔬菜有助于保护你以后免受疾病的困扰已经得到证实 三 语法突破三 语法突破 动词形式动词形式 inging 作状语作状语 现在分词作时间状语 原因状语 伴随状语 条件状语或结果状语 补充说明 方式状语 等来探讨现在分词的用法特点 1 用作表示 原因 分词短语作原因状语时 相当于一个原因状语从 句 常放在句首 例如 Not knowing his address I can t send this book to him 因为不知道他的地址 我 不能把这本书送给他 Many of us being so excited couldn t go to sleep that night 因为非常激动 那 晚我们许多人都没睡着 分词短语作原因状语时 相当于一个原因状语从 句 常放在句首 分词 作状语 前面可加 when while等 如 The poor of the cities having lived such a hard life took up their guns As they had lived such a hard life the poor of the cities Took up their guns 城市贫民由 于过着那样艰苦的生活 所以他们都拿起了武 器 Well known for his expert advice he was able to help a great number of people with their personal affairs 他 在探案方 面 的足智多谋广为人知 因此 他能够帮助 很多人解决私事 2 用作表示 时间状语从句 由于现在分词具有和谓 语动词同时性的特点 Hearing the news When they heard the news they immediately set off for the 7 所以表示时分词所表示 的动词和谓语动词所表 示的动作一般都是同时 或接着发生的 在表示 两个紧接着发生的动作 时其紧凑感常常是用 when while引出 例如 station 他们听到这个消息后 立即出发到车 站了 Seeing those pictures she remembered her childhood 看到那些画 他想起了她的童年 注意 表示与主句中谓 语动词同时性的现在分 词强调时间意义时 分 词前可以加上while when等从属连接词 但 as没有这种用法 如 Don t talk while having dinner 吃饭时 不要说话 When crossing the street do be careful 过马路时要小心 While reading the book he nodded from time to time 他一边看书 一边不时地点头 3 用作表示 伴随状语从句 用现在分词表达和谓语 动词同时进行的动作 谓语动词表示一个重要 动作分词表示一个次要 动作 分词常放在句末 具有一种生动的描绘功 能 例如 They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky 他们在那儿 站了半小时 观察着天上的星星 Following the old man the young people started walking slowly 年轻人跟在老人的后 面开始慢慢地走起来 But later people developed a way of printing using rock 但是以后 人们利用石 块发展印刷术 The man went hunting in the woods his dog following him 那人去森林狩猎 身后跟着一 只狗 4 用作表示 目的状语从句 两句也可用 in order to 或 so as to 来表示 目的 但其效果远不如 用分词表示 Piles of stones lie in a corner of the courtyard waiting to be replaced 院子的 一个角落里放着一堆堆石头准备作更换之用 Most animals will stand away from the lion keeping themselves safe from the danger 大多数动物总是远离狮子 以保护自身 安全免遭危险 8 5 用作表示 补充说明 从例句可以看出有一个 共同的特点 前半部分 都是陈述一件事实或提 出一个看法 而现在分 词短语则辅助一 进一 步的细节 描述来为之 提供情况以增加或完善 句子内容 A satellite has equipment for making electricity from sunshine using very broad sun panels 人造卫星有太阳能发电设备 使用的是很大的太阳能电池板 There will be a writer writing the text for the advertisement and designer who will design it using pictures or photographs and the text 广告词将有专人撰 写广告师 设计师则用图片或照片和广告词来 设计广告 6 用作表示 方式或方法 在分词作方式状语时 可置于句首也可置于句 末 具有很强的描绘色 彩和感情色彩 以第一 句为例 突出表现了画 家用手指 而不是用笔 作画这一与众不同之处 同时也表现了作者的羡 慕和好奇之情 Using his fingers and thumb the painter drew a picture of wood within ten minutes 画家用他的手指和大拇指在十分钟内 画成了一幅森林画 Traveling by train we visit a number of cities 我们坐火车参观了好多城市 The sperm whale therefore has to look for the squid using sound waves 因此巨头鲸必 须用声波去搜寻鱿鱼 7 用作表示 条件状语从句 A person standing at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small 一 个人如站在大山的脚下会发现自己很渺小 注 ing分词 作状语时 它 的逻辑主语就 是整个句子的 主语 上述例句中的现在分词 短语相当于条件句 但 他们比用表示的条件显 得更简洁 值得注意的 是例句2中的分词短语其 逻辑主语并非是句子的 主语 在这句里 分词 短语所表示的是客观或 设想条件 Working diligently you will certainly succeed 只要刻苦学习 你就会成功的 Being more careful you can make fewer mistakes 如果你更细心 你会犯更少的错误 8 用作表示 让步状语从句 Admitting what you say you are still in the wrong Though we admit what you say 9 尽管我们承认你所说的 你仍然是错的 Knowing all this they made me pay for the damage 尽管知道了一切情况 他们还是 要我赔偿损失 9 用作表示 结果状语 The fire lasted nearly a month leaving nothing valuable 大火持续了近一个月 几 乎没剩下什么有用的东西 Football is played in more than 80 countries making it a popular sport 80 多个国家都踢足球 因此足球成了一种很流行 的运动 She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground breaking it into pieces 她 非常生气 把玩具扔在地上 把它摔成了碎片 10 现在分词 可作独立成分 在句中没有逻辑主语 可以独立存在 它们往 往已成为习惯语 generally strictly e tc speaking 一般 严格等 地讲 considering 考 虑 从判断 supposing 假定 Strictly honestly generally speaking this book is not very difficult 总的来说 这书并不难 Judging from what you say he has done a very good job 从你的话来看 他的工作做的 不错 现在分词与过去分词做状语的区别现在分词与过去分词做状语的区别 1 现在分词在句中可作时间 原因 伴随 条件 结果等状语 现在分词作状语具有以下 几个特性 1 时间性 与谓语动作同时发生 用一般时 如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式 having done 2 语态性 与句子的主语之间的关系 是主谓关系或动宾关系 遵循的规则是 主动进行 被动完成 3 人称一致性 分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语 2 过去分词作状语 在句子中也可用作时间 原因 方式或伴随等状语 相当于一个状语 从句 与现在分词不同的是过去分词表示被动关系 所表示的动作一般发生在谓语动作之 前或同时发生 10 Hearing the news When they heard the news they all jumped with joy Given better attention If the plants were given better attention the plants could grow better 考题印证考题印证 1 2012 江西卷 35 John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter him it A offeredB offeringC to offerD to be offered 解析 B 非谓语动词 offer 的逻辑主语为空格前名词 letter 根据句意 两者语态为 主动关系 且表伴随 故选 B 2 2012 重庆卷 23 to work overtime that evening I missed a wonderful film A Having been asked B To ask C Having asked D To be asked 解析 A 非谓语动词用法 逗号前为原因状语 空白处与句子的主语为逻辑上的动宾关 系 由此可排除表示主动关系的 B 和 C 选项 D 选项常作目的和结果状语 不作原因状语 也可排除 而 A 选项为现在分词完成式的被动形式 可作时间状语 原因状语 结果状语 伴随状语等 因此 正确答案为 A 选项 3 2012 陕西卷 15 in a long queue we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad A Standing B To stand C StoodD Stand 解析 A 考查非谓语动词 非谓语动词短语后有逗号 说明非谓语动词做题干的状语 逻辑主语是句子的主语 we 非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系 且其动作与谓语动词 wait 的动作同时进行 用动词 v ing 的一般式 选 A 真题体验真题体验 1 2012 全国新课程 28 The party will be held in the garden weather A permitting B to permit C permitted D permit 2 2012 江苏卷 31 an important decision more on emotion than on reason you will regret it sooner or later A BasedB BasingC BaseD To base 3 2011 全国卷 II 18 Sarah pretended to be cheerful nothing about the argument A says B said C to say D saying 11 4 2011 北京卷 33 Sit down Emma You will only make yourself more tired on you feet A to keep B keeping C having kept D to have kept 5 2011 上海春招 34 Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house newly cleaned and polished A lookedB to lookC lookingD to be looking 6 2011 浙江卷 3 Bats are surprsingly long lived creatures some a life span of around 20 years A having B had C have D to have 7 2011 陕西卷 20 More highways have been built in China it much easier for people to travel form one place to another A making B made C to make D having made 8 2011 湖南卷 29 Do you wake up every morning energetic and ready to start a new day A feel B to feel C feeling D felt 9 2011 辽宁卷 30 around the fire the tourists danced with the local people A Gather B To gather C Gathering D To be gathering 10 2009 年辽宁卷 When we visited my old family home memory came back A flooding B to flood C flood D flooded 答案解析答案解析 1 解析 A 考查现在分词的独立主格结构 句意 如果天气允许 聚会将在花园举行 此处主句的主语 party 和 weather 不一致 所以 weather 保留 作 permitting 的逻辑主 语 构成独立主格结构 另外 weather 与 permit 之间是主动关系 故用现在分词 2 解析 B 非谓语动词 动词现在分词做状语动词base与逻辑主语you之间构成主谓关 系 所以用现在分词作状语 故选B项 3 解析 D 考查非谓语动词 句意为 Sarah 假装开心 对那次争论什么也没说 A 和 B 项是谓语动词形式 句中没有连词 故排除 C 项是作目的状语 而句中是伴随状态 故 选 D 4 解析 B 考查非谓语动词 句意为 Emma 你坐下吧 老这么站着你会累的 A 项 to keep 是表示将来 C 项 having kept 和 D 项 to have kept 表示动作先发生 make yourself more tired 与 keeping on you feet 同时进行 故选 B 12 5 解析 C 考查非谓语动词 句意为 Mike 在他屋子外的大街上发现了他丢失的汽车 看上去刚擦得干干净净 还打过腊 A 项looked 是谓语形式 但句中没有连词 B 项不 定式 to look 和 D 项 to be looking 如果都表结果 那只能由 Mike 执行这个动作 与题意 不符 C 项 looking 表明车子的特性 作伴随状语 故选 C 6 解析 A 考查独立主格结构 句意为 令人惊讶的是 蝙蝠是长寿的动物 有些能活 20 年左右 had 和 have 是谓语动词形式 题中没有连词 无法并存两个句子 to have 表将来 having 表伴随 因此 选 A 7 解析 A 考查非谓语动词 句意为 中国修建了越来越多的高速公路 人们更加方便 从一个地点到另外一个地点 空格后面是 it 说明是主动关系 排除 B 不能选择 C 的 原因是 to do 做目的状语 不符合句意 答案选择 A 表示结果 8 解析 C 考查非谓语动词 句意为 每天早上醒来后 你是否感到精力充沛 并为新的 一天作好了准备 wake up 作句子的谓语 句中没有连词 排除谓语动词 feel to feel 表将来 与 wake up 组成一先一后的动作关系 felt 作为过去分词表被动 与 you 这个 逻辑主语矛盾 故选 C feeling 作伴随状语 9 解析 C 考查非谓语动词 句意为 游客们围绕在火堆旁边 与当地人一起跳舞 gather 的动作由 the tourists 执行 用主动形式 并与 dance 同时进行 故选 C 表示伴随 情况 10 解析 A 句意为 当我们参观我的老家时 记忆又涌上心头 现在分词作方式状语 四 单元自测四 单元自测 第一节 单项选择 1 Although different in many ways the British and the Americans many of the same customs A make B take C share D give 2 Dark glasses are sometimes worn to the eyes from strong sunlight A prevent B care C defend D protect 3 Always acting in a strange manner Einstein must have to people around to be mad A appeared B showed C thought D imagined 4 Though the girl to learn Japanese she couldn t catch up with her classmates A made effort B made all her efforts 13 C took every effort D gave her efforts 5 Do you think that prices of vegetables will A rise up B bring down C go up D raise 6 More and more people choose to shop in the supermarket for they are especially interested in the of goods on offer A price B variety C value D amount 7 Hibernating animals have stored fat in their bodies during the summer and autumn A a good many B supplies of C a large quantities of D a few 8 It is known that the weight of an object from place to place on the earth A exchanges B varies C translates D ranges 9 Cleverness is not always a of high grades in exams You d better learn knowledge carefully and practice more A result B record C guarantee D reaction 10 We can see monuments here and there Those who have made great to human beings and society will never be forgotten A advance B effort C contributions D achievements 11 Did you listen to the lecture Yes I have never heard a one A more exciting B more excited C most exciting D most excited 12 I don t think possible to master a foreign language without much memory work A this B that C its D it 13 People who do not smoke have less of suffering from lung cancer than those who do so A potential B cause C hope D choice 14 The patient was warned oily food after the operation 14 A to eat not B eating not C not to eat D not eating 15 People should stop using their cars and start using public transport The roads are too crowded as it is A All right B Exactly C Go ahead D Fine 第二节第二节完形填空 共完形填空 共 2020 小题 每小题小题 每小题 1 51 5 分 满分分 满分 3030 分 分 阅读下面的短文 从短文后所给各题的四个选项 A B C 和 D 中 选出可以填入 空白处的最佳选项 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑 I have never had the opportunity to see myself because of being blind from birth and have been completely dependent on the image I create in the eyes of others There are those who believe that 1 I can t see I obviously also cannot 2 Very often people will talk with me at the top of their voices Conversely to this people will also often 3 believing that since my eyes don t work my ears don t either For example when I go to the airport and ask the ticket agent for 4 to the plane he or she will always pick up the phone and call a ground hostess in a very low voice Hi Jane we ve got a 76 here I have concluded that the word 5 is not used because they are unwilling to inform me of my condition of which I may not have been previously 6 On the other hand others know that of course I can hear but believe that I can t talk Once I became ill and was hospitalized Immediately after I was 7 I was wheeled down to the X ray room Just at the door an elderly woman judging from her voice asked the orderly 护工 who had been wheeling me What is your name What s your name the orderly 8 to me Harold Krents I replied Harold Krents he repeated When was he born When were you born This continued for about five minutes before I finally interrupted Look this is absolutely 9 OK I can t see but it s going to become pretty 10 to both of you that I don t need an interpreter He says he doesn t need an interpreter the orderly repeated to the woman The 11 misconception 误解 of all is the view that because I can t see I can t 12 I was turned down by over forty law firms 13 my qualifications included a cum laude degree 优异的成绩毕业 from Harvard Law 15 School The 14 to find jobs the continuous 15 of being told that it was impossible for a blind person to 16 law the rejection letter not based on my lack of 17 but rather on my disability will always remain one of the most upsetting experiences of my life 18 the Department of Labor issued laws that demand equal 19 opportunities for the disabled The business community s response has been enthusiastic The 20 towards the disabled is beginning to change 1 A on condition that B once C even if D since 2 A hear B talk C feel D care 3 A shout B laugh C whisper D cry 4 A welcome B permission C advice D help 5 A passenger B blind C trouble D situation 6 A afraid B aware C curious D desperate 7 A invited B released C included D admitted 8 A asked B responded C repeated D exchanged 9 A cheerful B ridiculous C charming D disgusting 10 A clear B easy C confusing D doubtful 11 A earliest B slightest C latest D toughest 12 A think B study C work D understand 13 A as if B even though C now that D in case 14 A attempt B duty C mistake D success 15 A disappointment B relief C envy D effort 16 A disobey B challenge C practice D make 17 A confidence B luck C ability D ambition 16 18 A Regretfully B Deliberately C Exactly D Fortunately 19 A flight B employment C learning D traveling 20 A attitude B theory C spirit D tendency 第三节 第三节 阅读理解阅读理解 A Lisa was running late She had a lot to do at work plus visitors on the way her parents were coming in for Thanksgiving from her hometown But as she hurried down the subway stairs she started to feel uncomfortably warm By the time she got to the platform Lisa felt weak and tired maybe it hadn t been a good idea to give blood the night before she thought She rested herself against a post close to the tracks Several yards away Frank 43 and his girlfriend Jennifer found a spot close to where the front of the train would stop They were deep in discussion about a house they were thinking of buying But when he heard the scream followed by someone yelling Oh my God