要求背诵的常用常考知识点

要求背诵的常用常考知识点归纳要求背诵的常用常考知识点归纳 请同学们一定要背好记好请同学们一定要背好记好 在考试中才能夺取高分在考试中才能夺取高分 一一 后跟后跟doing的有的有 Like doing sth 喜欢做某事 Spend in doing sth 花费时间 金钱做某事 Stop from doing sth 阻止 做某事 Enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事 After doing sth 做某事之后 Finish doing sth 完成做某事 Have fun in doing sth 开心做某事 Mind doing sth 介意做某事 Practise doing sth 练习做某事 Suggest sb doing sth 建议某人做某事 Keep doing sth 一直做某事 Go on doing sth 继续做某事 What about doing sth 做某事好吗 How about doing sth 做某事好吗 Instead of doing sth 代替做某事 Thank you for doing sth 谢谢做某事 Thanks for doing sth 谢谢做某事 Be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 Look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事 Be good at doing sth 擅长于做某事 Be good bad for doing sth 做某事对 有好 坏 处 Be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事 Be interested in doing sth 对做某事感兴趣 Think of doing sth consider doing sth 考虑做某事 Be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 Make a contribution to doing sth 为做某事做贡献 Do the washing and cooking 洗衣服 做饭 Do some washing cooking reading shopping cleaning 洗衣服 做饭 读书 购物 打扫 Go shopping swimming fishing 购物 游泳 钓鱼 二二 后跟后跟to do的有的有 Tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事 Ask sb to do sth 要求某人做某事 Want to do sth 想做某事 Plan to do sth 计划做某事 Hope to do sth 希望做某事 Decide to do sth 决定做某事 Try to do sth 尝试做某事 Teach sb to do sth 教某人做某事 Allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 Encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 Would like to do sth 想做某事 Be happy pleased glad to do sth 乐于做某事 Be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 Take sb some time to do sth 花费某人一些时间做某事 It s time to do sth 该做某事的时候了 It s for sb to do sth 做某事对某人来说怎么样 另 What where when how why to do sth 注意 如果是否定句直接在 to 前 not 三三 后跟后跟do的有的有 Let sb do sth 让某人做某事 Can do sth 能 会做某事 Be able to do sth 能 会做某事 Should do sth 应该做某事 Must do sth 必须做某事 Have to do sth 必须 不得不做某事 Shall do sth 将要做某事 专用于第一人称 Will would do sth 将要做某事 Why not do sth 为什么不做某事 Why don t you do sth 为什么不做某事 Had d better not do sth 最好做某事 Make sb do sth 使某人做某事 May do sth 可以做某事 Used to do sth 过去常常做某事 Be suppose to do sth 应该做某事 另外 助动词 do does did 后面的动词要用原形 四 后跟四 后跟to do 或或doing的有的有 stop to do sth 停下来去做某事 stop doing sth 停止做某事 Start begin to do sth 开始做某事 Start begin doing sth 开始做某事 Forget doing sth 忘记已经做的事 Forget to do sth 忘记做某事 Remember to do sth 记得要做某事 Remember doing sth 记得已经做的事 五 后跟五 后跟do或或doing的有的有 see hear watch do sth 看见 听见 观看 经常做某事 see hear watch doing sth 看见 听见 观看 正在做某事 六 后跟六 后跟do或或to do的有的有 help to do sth 帮助某人做某事 need to do sth 需要做某事 做行为动词时 need do sth 需要做某事 做情带动词时 七 星期七 星期 Monday 星期一 Tuesday 星期二 Wednesday 星期三 Thursday 星期四 Friday 星期五 Saturday 星期六 Sunday 星期日 注意注意 一周的第一天是 sunday 最后一天 suturday 八 月份八 月份 January 一月 February 二月 March 三月 April 四月 May 五月 June 六月 July 七月 August 八月 September 九月 October 十月 November 十一月 December 十二月 九 季节九 季节 spring 春天 summer 夏天 autumn 秋天 winter 冬天 十 方位十 方位 east eastern 东 south southern 南 west western 西 north northern 北 十一 天气十一 天气 sun sunny 晴朗 cloud cloudy 阴天 rain rainy 下雨 wind windy 刮风 snow snowy 下雪 fog foggy 多雾 十二 数词 基数词十二 数词 基数词 序数词序数词 one first 一 two second 二 three third 三 four fourth 四 five fifth 五 six sixth 六 seven seventh 七 eight eighth 八 nine ninth 九 ten tenth 十 eleven eleventh 十一 twelve twelfth 十二 thirteen thirteenth 十三 twenty twentieth 二十 thirty one thirty first 三十一 十三 可数名词十三 可数名词 单数变为复数 动词第三人称单数的规则 1 以 s x sh ch 结尾的加 es Bus box watch wish dish 等 es 2 以 o 结尾的 有生命的加 es 无生命的加 s potato tomato hero es radio zoo piano photo s 3 以 f fe 结尾的 先把 f fe 改为 v 再加 es Knife thief leaf life shelf 4 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的 先把 y 改为 i 再 es City family country factory baby story 5 不符合以上情况的直接加 s 不规则 1 单复数同形的 sheep people deer Chinese Japanese 2 a 改为 e 的 man woman policeman Englishman Frenchman 但 Germans Americans 3 把 oo 改为 ee 的 foot tooth goose 4 无规律的 mouse mice child children 5 只能用复数的 shoes trousers pants glasses 十四十四 名词所有格名词所有格 1 单数名词与不以 s 结尾的复数名词加 s Mary s children s 2 以 s 结尾的复数名词加 Teachers Day ten minutes walk 3 双人名词 单数的只在后一个加 s 复数的两人都要加 s Lucy and Lily s room Lucy s and Lily s rooms 4 用 of 表示的 a map of a photo picture of 5 另 Three minutes hours walk ride drive three years time 十五十五 动词动词 过去式 过去分词 规则 1 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的 先把 y 改为 i 再加 ed study copy fly 2 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾并且重读的 先双写这个辅音字母 再加 ed Skip stop plan 3 以 e 结尾的只加 d love like 4 不符合以上情况的直接加 ed 不规则 见不规则动词表 现在分词 1 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾并且重读的 先双写这个辅音字母 再加 ing skip get run swim stop shop cut put plan 2 以不发音的 e 结尾的 先把 e 去掉再加 ing Make write come dance drive like love 3 以 ie 结尾的 把 ie 改 y 为再加 ing lie die 4 不符合以上情况的直接加 ing 十六十六 时态时态 1 一般现在时 句子中常有 often 经常 usually 通常 sometimes at times 有时 every day week month year night 每 注意 行为动词一般用原形 只有当主语是三单时 行为动词才加注意 行为动词一般用原形 只有当主语是三单时 行为动词才加s es 2 一般过去时 句子中常有 yesterday 昨天 then 那时 just now 刚才 the day before yesterday 前天 this morning 今早 last 上个 ago 以前 注意 行为动词要用过去式注意 行为动词要用过去式 3 一般将来时 句子中常有 tomorrow 明天 the day after tomorrow 后天 next 下个 in 多久以后 soon 很快 不久 注意 要用注意 要用be going to will 动词原形动词原形 4 现在进行时 句子中常有 look 看 listen 听 be quiet 请安静 now at the moment 现在 注意 别忘了两样东西 行为动词前加 be is am are 后加 ing 5 现在完成时 句子中常有 5 现在完成时 句子中常有 already 已经 肯 yet 已经 否 never 从来不 ever 曾经 just 刚刚 before 在此之前 recently 近期 these days 这几天 in the past few years 在过去的几年 so far 到目前为止 for 多久 since 自从 以来 注意 行为动词要变为注意 行为动词要变为have has 过去分词过去分词 A have has been to 曾经去过某地 已经回来 have has gone to 已经去了某地 正在去 B 几个常用的短暂性动词 如果后面跟一段时间 不能这样说 要这样说 Have has bought have has had 买一段时间 Have has died have has been dead 死一段时间 Have has borrowed have has kept 借一段时间 Have has come have has been here 来一段时间 来一段时间 Have has begun started have has been on 开始一段时间 开始一段时间 Have has left have has been away 离开一段时间 离开一段时间 十七十七 数词数词 1 基数词变为序数词口诀 基变序 有规律 词尾加上 th 一 二 三 特殊记 结尾字母 t d d one first two second three third 八减 t eight eighth 九减 e nine ninth f 来把 ve 替 five fifth twelve twelfth ty 变成 tie twenty twentieth 若要碰到几十几 只变个位就可以 thirty one thirty first 2 hundred thousand million billion 的用法 前面有具体数字不能加 s 后面有 of 要加 s 具体数字和 of 不能同 时使用 two hundred thousands of 3 分数表达法 先分子 后分母 分子用基数词 分母用序数词 当分子大于或等于 2 分母要加 s 4 one second 1 2 two thirds 2 3 four fifths 4 5 five twelfths 5 12 十八十八 形容词和副词形容词和副词 1 形容词修饰名词 副词修饰动词 形容词或副词 形容词修饰名词 副词修饰动词 形容词或副词 She is a girl she sings very beautiful My sister is very she does everything careful The children are playing under the tree they are very happy This is a train look it is running very quick 2 形容词转换成副词 在形容词的词尾加形容词转换成副词 在形容词的词尾加 ly 如果是辅音字母加 如果是辅音字母加 y 先把 先把 y 改为改为 i 再加再加 ly 3 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 不规则不规则 原级比较级最高级 Good wellbetterbest Many muchmoremost Bad badly illworseworst little lessleast farFarther furtherFarthest furthest 规则规则 比较级比较级 单音节词比较级的构成规则单音节词比较级的构成规则 1 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的 先把 y 改为 i 再 er 2 重读闭音节并且只有一个辅音字母结尾的 先双写这个辅音字母 再加 er hot hotter thin thinner fat tatter wet wetter 3 以 e 结尾的只加 r nice nicer fine finer 4 不符合以上情况的直接加 er 多音节词比较级的构成规则多音节词比较级的构成规则 在前面加在前面加more 句子特征 句中常有 1 than 2 两者之间进行比较 最高级最高级 形容词最高级结构的前面要用形容词最高级结构的前面要用the 单音节词最高级的构成规则单音节词最高级的构成规则 1 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的 先把 y 改为 i 再 est 2 重读闭音节并且只有一个辅音字母结尾的 先双写这个辅音字母 再加 est hot hottest thin thinnest fat fattest wet wettest 3 以 e 结尾的只加 st nice nicest fine finest 4 不符合以上情况的直接加 est 多音节词最高级的构成规则多音节词最高级的构成规则 在前面加在前面加most 句子特征 句中常有 1 of all of 大于或等于三的数字 in 某一范围 2 三者或三者以上之间进行比较 特殊结构特殊结构 1 越来越 形容词的比较级 and 形容词的比较级 the weather is getting hotter and hotter 2 越 越 the 形容词的比较级 the 形容词的比较级 money is the more the worse 3 表示 A B 相同 A as 形容词 副词的原级 as B Peter is as clever as Tom 4 表示 A 不如 B A not as so 形容词 副词的原级 as B I am not as so tall as GuMing 十九十九 人称代词物主代词 主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词 反身代词 Imemyminemyself hehimhishishimself sheherherhersherself youyouyouryoursyourself yourselves weusouroursourselves ititititsitself theythemtheirtheirsthemselves 注意 1 主格和宾格在句子中的意思是 谁 一般情况下 主格放在句子开头 作主语 宾格放在动词 介词后面 作宾语 2 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词在句子中的意思是 谁的 形容词性物主代词后面有名词 名词性物主代词后面没有名词 3 反身代词在句子中的意思是 谁自己 后常跟反身代词的有 by oneself 独立 help oneself to 随便 吃 别客气 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 hurt oneself 自己受伤 dress oneself 自己穿衣服 teach oneself 自学 introduce oneself 自我介绍 look after oneself 自己照顾自己 二十二十 祈使句 祈使句 1 肯定句 以动词原形开头 2 否定句在开头加 don t 1 Please do your homework and then watch TV 2 eat your breakfast quickly 3 Please not be late for school 4 not laugh at anyone 5 not take photos in the history museum 6 open the door please 二一二一 反意疑问句反意疑问句 前肯后否 前否后肯 如果前面有 little few hardly never 等词 则看是前否 1 She eats breakfast 2 They are students 3 They won t go home 4 I can speak little English 5 He has never been there 注意 祈使句的反意疑问句是祈使句的反意疑问句是will you Open the door please Let s的反意疑问句是的反意疑问句是shall we Let s play basketball 二二二二 感叹句 感叹句 1 what a an 形容词 名词 主语 谓语 2 how 形容词 主语 谓语 例如 1 What a beautiful girl she is 2 What an interesting book it is 3 What beautiful flowers they are 4 How tall the trees are 二三二三 疑问词疑问词 what 什么 who 谁 whose 谁的 where 在哪里 when 什么时候 why 为什么 how 怎样 how old 几岁 how long 多久 how soon 多久以后 how often 多久一次 how many 多少 可数 how much 多少 不可数 how far 多远 what time 多少点钟 二四二四 系动词系动词be sound smell taste feel look 后面只能跟形容词 不能跟副词 1 This kind of jacket looks and it sells very A well B good 2 The meat smelled it tasted A bad B badly 3 They sing the song it sounds A beautiful B beautifully 二五二五 几个常考的词性排列几个常考的词性排列 1 something anything 形容词 something anything important 2 形容词 enough tall old big enough 3 you 其他人称 and I you she Tom and I 二六二六 关于关于 花费花费 的几个用法的几个用法 spend 主人 spend in doing on sth I spent two dollars buying the pen pay 主人 pay for she paid three yuan for the book Take 主 it it takes sb some time to do sth It takes me 2 hours to walk to school Cost 主物 sth cost sb The PC cost him two thousand yuan 二七二七 同义词组的有同义词组的有 考同义句转换或词语释义考同义句转换或词语释义 1 Be form come from 来自 2 More than over 超过 3 Favorite like best 最喜欢 4 Want to do would like to do 想做某事 5 What s the matter trouble with what s wrong with 某人 某物出什么问题了 6 be good at do well in 擅长于 在 方面做得好 7 sb spend doing sth it takes sb to do sth sb pay for sth sth cost sb 花费 付钱 8 Reach get to arrive in 大地方 at 小地方 到达 注意 如果后面跟的是注意 如果后面跟的是there here home 不能用不能用in at to 9 Too as well 句末肯 also 句中肯 either 句末肯 也 10 What a pity that s a shame 真遗憾 11 What s the weather like how s the weather 问天气 12 Hold on just a moment 请稍等 13 Why not do why don t you do what how about doing 建议做某事 14 Don t do no doing sb can t do 禁止做某事 15 what s the time what time is it 问时间 16 at the age of when sb is years old 在某人几岁时 17 be able to do sth can do sth 能 会 做某事 18 there is going to be there will be 将要有 19 have a good nice great wonderful time enjoy oneself 祝某人玩得开心 愉快 20 once one time 一次 twice two times 两次 21 what do you think of how do you like 你觉得 怎么样 22 do you have have you got 你有 吗 23 by plane by air 坐飞机 24 walk on food 走路 25 by bike ride a bike 骑自行车 26 by bus take a bus 乘公共汽车 27 by train take a train 坐火车 28 nothing not anything 没有任何东西 29 prefer to like better than 更喜欢 30 what s the matter with what s wrong with 怎么了 31 can I help you what can I do for you 你想买什么 32 be afraid of be frightened of 害怕 33 near not far 附近 二八二八 经常考不可数名词的有经常考不可数名词的有 Money 钱 Water 水 Milk 牛奶 Bread 面包 Homework 作业 Tea 茶 Rice 米饭 paper 纸 Meat 肉 information 信息 advice 建议 二九二九 量词词组量词词组 a cup of 一杯 a glass of 一杯 a pair of 一双 副 a piece of 一片 a bottle of 一瓶 a bowl of 一碗 a box of 一盒 箱 注意 如果 a 大于或等于 2 中间的量词要加 s es two cups of milk three bottles of water two boxes of apples 三十三十 介词介词in on at 用在时间前面的区别用在时间前面的区别 in 年 月 季节 in 2008 in September in summer on 具体日期 on Monday on a cold morning on may 1st at 钟点 at 6 20 at seven o clock 三一三一 介词介词 如果后面跟动词 动词要 如果后面跟动词 动词要 ing in 在里面 on 在上面 at 在某地 某时 about 关于 for 没有实意 by 通过 在旁边 with 和 有 without 没有 of 没有实意 after 在 之后 before 在 之前 from 从 under 在 下面 behind 在 后面 beside 在 旁边 三二三二 连词连词 and 和 or 或者 否则 because 因为 so 所以 al though 虽然 but 但是 as soon as 一 就 not until 直到 才 注意 在英语的句子里面注意 在英语的句子里面because和和so al though和和but 不能同使用 不能同使用 错 错 Because I am ill so I stay at home Although I am young but I am tall 三三 以三三 以ed和和ing结尾的形容词的区别结尾的形容词的区别 ed结尾的形容词主语是人 结尾的形容词主语是人 ing结尾的形容词主语是物结尾的形容词主语是物 excited interested frightened surprised bored relaxed exciting interesting frightening surprising boring relaxing The film is very we are very about it excite It is an book I am in reading it interest 三四 就近原则 there be 有 There be one pen and two books on the desk either or 或者 Either my parents or my sister often go swimming neither nor 两者都不 Neither you nor I be good student not only but also 不但 而且 Not only you but also she have a computer 三五 被动语态三五 被动语态 1 一般现在时的被动语态 is am are 过去分词 The bikes are made by them in the factory I am often made to clean clean the house every English is spoken widely all over the world 2 一般过去时的被动语态 was were 过去分词 A tree was cut down by him yesterday Many tall buildings were built last year 3 含有情带动词的被动语态 must can should may will be 过去分词 This watch can be repaired in two days It should be done at once 三六 定语从句三六 定语从句 先行词是人 引导词用 that who The girl who often helps me with my English is from England 先行词是物 引导词用 that which The film which we saw last night was wonderful 先行词是时间 引导词用 when This was the time when he arrived 先行词是地点 引导词用 where This is place where he works 先行词是原因 引导词用 why Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school 先行词被最高级 序数次 only 或 all 修饰时 引导词只能用 that He was the first person that passed the exam 三七 宾语从句三七 宾语从句 1 引导词引导词 陈述句作宾语从句 引导词用 that She told me that the light travels faster than the sound 一般疑问句作宾语从句 引导词用 if whether or not I don t know he still lives here after so many years A whether B where C what D when 特殊疑问句作宾语从句 引导词用疑问词本身 Can you tell me you were born Betty 2 时态时态 主句是一般现在时 宾语从句根据实际情况定时态 I hear Mr Green leave for New York last week 主句是一般过去时 宾语从句根据实际情况用相应的过去时态 The boys said they enjoy themselves very much last night 如果宾语从句所说的是自然规律或客观真理 不管主句用什么时态 宾语从句只能用一般现在时 1 The teacher told the children that the sun be round 2 Everyone knew that the light travel faster than the sound 3 语序语序 宾语从句要用陈述句语序 判断陈述句的方法 如果紧接在引导词或引导词组后面的是 be 动词 情带动词 这样必须把 be 动词 情带动词和主语交换位置 如果紧接在引导词或引导词组后面的是助动词 这样必须去掉助动词 同时要把后面的动词还原 1 Please tell me what last year A where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked 2 Could you tell me A when will they leave Beijing B when would they leave Beijing C when they will leave Beijing D when did they leave Beijing 3 She asked me if I knew A whose pen is it B whose pen it was C whose pen it is D whose pen was it 三八 状语从句三八 状语从句 一 主句用一般将来时 从句用一般现在时 1 The teacher told us we go to the Forbidden City if it rain I ll tell him about this as soon as he come back from work We ll stay at home if it not rain tomorrow1 That suit was expensive that he couldn t buy it A too B so C very D such 2 Although you are a top student in your class you still should work hard at your lessons A and B or C but D 3 You must wait for her she comes back A that B till C when D as 4 Because he didn t catch the early bus he was late for class A so B and C that D 5 It s beautiful and it fits me well I like it very much A or B so C but D since 二 根据句子意思选引导词 after 之后 before 之前 because 因为 so 所以 al though 虽然 but 但是 as soon as 一 就 not until 直到 才 when 当 时候 so that 目的 in order that 为了 where 在哪里 1 That suit was expensive that he couldn t buy it A too B so C very D such 2 Although you are a top student in your class you still should work hard at your lessons A and B or C but D 3 You must wait for her she comes back A that B till C when D as 4 Because he didn t catch the early bus he was late for class A so B and C that D 5 It s beautiful and it fits me well I like it very much A or B so C but D since 三九 不定代词 something anything nothing everything somebody one no anybody one everybody one somewhere anywhere 注意 当不定代词做主语时 视为第