高考英语 状语从句教案

1 状语从句状语从句 一 概述 一 概述 状语从句修饰主句中的动词 形容词 副词等 在复合句中作状语 引导状语从句的 关联词是从属连词 状语从句用陈述句语序 一般位于复合句的句首或句末 当从句放在 主句前面时 常用逗号与主句隔开 状语从句根据其在句中的不同作用可以分为时间 地 点 原因 目的 结果 条件 让步 方式和比较状语从句九种 状语从句类别从属连词 时间 when whenever while as since ever since before after once as soon as soon after till until hardly scarcely when no sooner than each time immediately directly instantly every time by the time the moment minute time day week instant 地点where wherever anywhere everywhere 原因because as since now that considering that seeing that 条件 if unless as so long as as so far as on condition that whether or not once in case 如果 suppose supposing that provided that if only if 让步 though although even if even though as however whatever whenever wherever whoever whe ther or no matter who what which where how 方式as as if as though the way rather than 目的so that in order that for fear that in case 以防 以免 结果 程度so such that so such that that with the result that 比较as as not as so as than the more the more 二 用法 二 用法 一 时间状语从句的用法 一 时间状语从句的用法 1 1 注意点 注意点 在时间 条件状语从句中 谓语动词一般不用将来时态表示将来 而用一般现在时 2 态代替一般将来时态 用一般过去时态代替过去将来时态 用现在完成时态代替将来完成 时态 如 When he comes here I will let you know When I have finished reading the book I will tell you 注意 when 可以引导时间状语从句 还可以引导宾语 主语等名词性从句 if 可以 引导条件状语从句 也可以引导宾语从句 引导条件状语从句时 意为 如果 假如 引 导宾语从句时 意为 是否 注意当它们引导时间和条件状语从句时 要用一般现在时 态表示将来 引导宾语等名词性从句时 仍然要用一般将来时态表示将来 如 When he comes here please tell me When he will come here hasn t been decided yet If he has any questions he will come to ask me Tell me if you will go to school tomorrow 2 时间 条件 方式 让步等状语从句常常可以转换成省略形式或简单句句子成分 when while as if though as if 等引导时间 条件 方式 让步等状语从 句时 若从句和主句的主语一致或主句的主语是 it 且含有 be 动词时 可以将从句中的主 语连同后面的 be 动词一起省略 如 As he is a child he began to learn English If he was alive he must be at least ninety years old Although she was told to stop she kept on working The boy looked as if he were afraid of nothing If it is possible I will come to see you since before after 引导的状语从句有时可以变成介词短语或分词短语 如 They had not met any more since leaving since they left school Having finished After he had finished middle school she entered Beijing University 原因状语从句如果主从句主语一致 也可以将从句省略为分词短语 介词短语或独 立结构 如 Being As he is the oldest Bill looks after his little sisters Because of smoking Because he smokes too much Linda doesn t look healthy so that in order that 引导的目的状语从句 若主从句主语一致 可以用动词 不定式短语 so as to 或 in order to 代替 如 I left early so as to so that I could catch the first bus 3 so that so that 引导的结果或程度状语从句如果主从句主语一致 可以用 enough 不定式 或 too to 结构代替 如 Tom studied hard enough to pass Tom studied hard so that he passed the examination She was too tired to so tired that she couldn t go any farther if 引导的条件状语从句 常可省去从句中的主语和系动词 转换为介词短语 不 定式短语 分词短语或独立结构 如 If it is possible I will help you With her help If I had help from her I could do the experiment as than 引导的比较状语从句中 与主句相同的部分可以省略 如 He is a head taller than I am tall 2 2 whenwhen whilewhile asas 均表示 均表示 当当 的时候的时候 引导时间状语从句的异同 引导时间状语从句的异同 when 引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词既可以是延续性动词 也可以是瞬时性动词 从句的动作可以和主句动作同时发生 也可以先于主句的动作发生 while 引导的时间状 语从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词 强调主从句谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发 生或存在的 as 引导时间状语从句时 主从句的谓语动作同时发生 也可以用来说明两种 正在发展和变化的情况 从句的谓语动词一般应具有延续性 可译为一边 一边 或随着 如 When I came here I found him lying on the ground While When I was reading I saw a bird As I was getting on the bus someone called me 注意 1 when 引导的从句是系表结构且主从句主语一致时 可以用 as 引导的省略句来代 替 如 As When he was a young man he went to France for French 2 when while 引导的时间状语从句 如果主从句主语一致时 可以用 when while 现在分词 结构表示时间状语 如 While While he was taking a walk in the street he saw an accident 3 when 有时连接两个并列分句 起并列连词的作用 意为 and then 或 at that time 表示某一动作正在进行或即将发生而突然出现的情况 如 Lin Tao and Lily were walking around the school corner when the traffic accident happened 4 while 也可以引导并列句 译为 然而 如 4 He is reading while his sister is watching TV 3 3 beforebefore afterafter 引导的时间状语从句的用法 引导的时间状语从句的用法 before after 引导时间状语从句 表示 在 以前 以后 注意 before 从句 中谓语不用否定式 常用 before 的句型是 It be not 时间 before 从句 如 Before they reached the station the train had gone It will be years before we meet again 再过多年我们才会见面 It will not be long before we meet again 过不了多久我们还会再见面的 4 4 asas soonsoon asas nono sooner than sooner than hardly barely scarcely when hardly barely scarcely when immediatelyimmediately directlydirectly instantlinstantl y y onceonce 均表示 均表示 一一 就就 引导时间状语从句的异同 引导时间状语从句的异同 as soon as 引导时间状语从句 表示主从句动作相继发生 如 As soon as she heard the news she came to tell us about it no sooner than hardly barely scarcely when 结构中 主句一般要用过 去完成时态 从句用一般过去时态 如果 no sooner 或 hardly barely scarcely 放在句首 时 主句要用倒装语序 如 He had no sooner seen the policeman than he ran away No sooner had he seen the policeman than he ran away She had hardly sat down when the telephone rang Hardly had she sat down when the telephone rang immediately directly instantly 等表示时间概念的词引导时间状语从句时 表示主从句动作相继发生 相当于 as soon as 如 I went to see him immediately I heard from him once 引导时间状语从句时 与 as soon as 一样 表示主从句动作相继发生 但 as soon as 更强调时间衔接的紧密 而 once 则含有条件的意味 意为 一旦 如 Once you begin you must go on 5 5 until tilluntil till 引导的时间状语从句的用法 引导的时间状语从句的用法 until 引导的时间状语从句可以用语句首或句中 而 till 引导的时间状语从句只用 于句中而不可用于句首 同时 till until 引导的时间状语从句用于肯定句肯定句时 表示主句 谓语动作一直延续到 till until 所表示的时间才终止 主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词 意为 直到 为止 用于否定句否定句时 表示主句谓语动作直到 till until 所表示的时间 才发生 主句谓语动词必须是瞬时性动词主句谓语动词必须是瞬时性动词 表示 直到 才 如 They watched the 5 train until it disappeared in the distance didn t leave until he came back 注意 not until 结构如果在强调句型中成为了被强调部分时 必须将 not 和 until 连在一起并前移 同时 如果将同时 如果将 notnot untiluntil 置于句首时 主句需要用倒装语序置于句首时 主句需要用倒装语序 如 It was not until he came back that I knew it Not until he came back did I know it 6 6 sincesince 引导的时间状语从句的用法 引导的时间状语从句的用法 在 since 引导的时间状语从句中 谓语动词可以是延续性的也可以是瞬时性的 但意 义有所不同 在 It is has been 时间段 since 从句 结构中 如果 since 从句的 谓语动词为瞬时性动词表示 自从 以来已经多长时间了 为延续性动词时 表示 自从不 以来已经多长时间了 同时 在 It is has been 时间段 since 从 句 结构中 since 从句常常用一般过去时态 如 It is three years since he lived here 他不住在这里已经有 3 年了 It is three years since he joined the League 自从他入团以来已经有 3 年了 7 7 eacheach timetime 等表示时间的名词词组引导的时间状语从句的用法 等表示时间的名词词组引导的时间状语从句的用法 这些引导时间状语从句的名词词组主要有三类 形容词 time 表示 当 时 常见的有 each time every time any time last time next time the first time all the time the whole time 等 如 They shake hands with each other each time they meet the 瞬时性名词 表示 一 就 常见的 有 the moment the instant the minute the second 等 如 She let out a cry the moment she saw the snake the 段时间名词 表示 在 的那一 常见的有 the day the night the year 等 如 He came back the day I was born 二 地点状语从句的用法 二 地点状语从句的用法 引导地点状语从句的连词有 where wherever anywhere everywhere nowhere 等 有时地点状语从句表示抽象条件的含义时 地点状语从句要放在主句之前 如 A new building was put up where there had been a theatre Where there is a will there is a way 注意 注意 wherewhere 引导的是地点状语从句还是定语从句 引导的是地点状语从句还是定语从句 如 You d better make a mark where you have any questions 地点状语从句 You d better make a mark at the place where you have any questions 定语从句 6 三 原因状语从句的用法 三 原因状语从句的用法 1 1 becausebecause sincesince asas 引导原因状语从句的异同 引导原因状语从句的异同 because 语气最强 since 其次 as 最弱 because 引导的原因状语从句含有很强的因果关系 专门回答 why 引导的特殊疑问 句 当强调原因时 because 从句可以置于句首 它可以用于强调结构 It is because that 也可以在 because 前加 only just 来加强语气 还可以用于 not but 并列结构 because 从句也常常可以简化成 because of 如 Why didn t he come yesterday Because he had something important to do The officer punished the boy just only because he wanted to teach him a lesson It was because the dull light that the traffic accident happened The girl learned to play the piano not because she wanted to play the piano but because her parents forced her to 注意 not because 结构表示 并非是 的缘故 如 I don t like apples because they sweet 我喜欢苹果不是因为苹果甜 because 和 so 不可以同时出现在同一主从复合句中 如 I didn t come because I was ill I was ill so I didn t come since 和 as 往往表示双方都知道的比较明显或已知的原因 常常译作 由于 既然 since 比 as 更正式一些 它们引导的原因状语从句通常放在主句之前 有时也可以放在 主句之后 as 引导的原因状语从句有时还可以倒装 如 As it is raining we shall not go to the park Since everybody is here let s begin our meeting Since As you didn t like it I will ask someone else Tired as he was he went to bed early 注意 as 引导原因状语从句时用倒装结构只见于正式语体中 且和 as 引导的让步状 语从句形式相同 因此该倒装句结构表示 原因 还是 让步 其意义应根据上下文来判 定 如 Tired as he was he went to bed early 表示原因 Tired as he was he went on walking 表示让步 7 2 2 nownow thatthat seeingseeing thatthat consideringconsidering thatthat 鉴于 由于 考虑到鉴于 由于 考虑到 引导引导 原因状语从句的用法 原因状语从句的用法 now that seeing that considering that 引导原因状语从句可以表示先说 明的一种情况 再加以推论 它们引导的原因状语从句和主句的因果关系不强 在口语中 that 还可以省略 now that 引导的原因状语从句多放在句首 如 Now that you have finished your homework you may go home now 3 3 forfor 引导并列句表示原因的用法 引导并列句表示原因的用法 for 也常用来表示原因 但 for 不是从属连词而是并列连词 因此不引导原因状语从 句而是连接并列分句 一般用来表示补充说明辅助性理由或提供上下文未交待过的情况 常用来表示由结果推敲出来的原因 一般不用于句首 表示由结果推敲出来的原因 一般不用于句首 如 It rained last night for the ground is wet this morning 4 4 sorrysorry gladglad 等形容词作表语时 其后面的等形容词作表语时 其后面的 thatthat 从句也可以引导原因状语从句 从句也可以引导原因状语从句 在 sorry glad sure proud anxious ashamed surprised afraid pleased satisfi ed 等形容词或分词等表示 感情 的形容词后由 that 引导的从句也可以表示原因 在口 语中 that 还可以省略 如 I am glad that you are better 补充 when 有时也可以表示原因 意为 since considering that 既然 考虑到 如 It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes 四 条件状语从句的用法 可以结合虚拟语气看 四 条件状语从句的用法 可以结合虚拟语气看 条件状语从句可以分为真实条件句和非真实条件句 真实条件句用陈述句语气 非真 实条件句用虚拟语气 在真实条件状语从句中 和时间状语从句一样 其谓语动词一般不 用将来时态表示将来 而用一般现在时态代替将来时态 用一般过去时态代替过去将来时 态 用现在完成时态代替将来完成时态 1 1 ifif unlessunless 引导条件状语从句的用法 引导条件状语从句的用法 if 可以用来引导真实条件句和非真实条件句 unless 只用于引导真实条件句 unless if not unless 用于书面语 if not 用于口语中 unlessunless 引导的条件状语从引导的条件状语从 句中的谓语动词只能用于肯定式句中的谓语动词只能用于肯定式 如 The bell is rung if there is a fire You will be late unless you leave immediately The WTO can not live up to its 8 name if it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind 附 if 引导虚拟条件句时 主从句谓语动词结构表 虚拟情况虚拟情况IfIf 条件句条件句结果主句结果主句 与现在事实相 反 If 主语 动词过去式 be 用 were 主语 would should could mi ght 动词原形 与过去事实相 反 If 主语 had 过去分词 主语 would should could mi ght have 过去分词 与将来事实相 反 should If 主语 were to 动词原形 动词过去式 主语 would should could mi ght 动词原形 if 引导虚拟条件句 简略介绍 见虚拟语气部分 If I were you I shouldn t do that If I had time I would go with you If I had seen you yesterday I would have asked you about it If it should rain tomorrow the crops would be saved If it were to snow tomorrow they would not go out 2 2 soso asas longlong asas supposesuppose thatthat supposingsupposing thatthat onon conditioncondition thatthat inin casecase 如果 如果 provideprovide thatthat providingproviding thatthat providedprovided thatthat 等引导的等引导的 条件状语从句的用法 条件状语从句的用法 如 You may use my bike as so long as on condition that you return it before Friday So long as you study hard you will make great progress In case she comes let me know Suppose Supposing that they refuse us who else can turn to for help 五 方式状语从句的用法 五 方式状语从句的用法 as as if as though 等可以引导方式状语从句 注意 as if as though 引导的方 9 式状语从句可以用陈述语气 也可以用虚拟语气 如 The students did as the teacher told them It looks as if it is going to rain She stood at the door as if she were waiting for someone as if as though 引导虚拟预期的情况 如果 as if as though 引导的从句的谓语动词与主句谓语动词所表达的动作同时发生 从句用一般过去时表示虚拟 如果 as if as though 引导的从句的谓语动词先于主句谓语 动词所表达的动作 从句用过去完成时表示虚拟 如果 as if as though 引导的从句的谓 语动词后于主句谓语动词所表达的动作 从句用过去将来时表示虚拟 如 They are talking as if they had been friends for years She speaks English so well as if she had studied English in England He treats her well as if she were his own child 六 让步状语从句的用法 六 让步状语从句的用法 1 1 asas thoughthough althoughalthough 引导的让步状语从句的异同 引导的让步状语从句的异同 although thoughalthough though 不能和不能和 butbut 同时出现在同一复合句中 但可以和同时出现在同一复合句中 但可以和 yetyet stillstill neverthelessnevertheless 等连用 以加强语气 等连用 以加强语气 如 Although it was dark we still went on as as 引导让步状语从句时 常使用倒装语序 将表语或状语提前 如果表语是可数名引导让步状语从句时 常使用倒装语序 将表语或状语提前 如果表语是可数名 词单数 还必须省略不定冠词 词单数 还必须省略不定冠词 如 Tired as he was he went on walking Child as he is he knows a lot though though 引导让步状语从句时 可以用倒装语序 也可以不用 用倒装语序时和引导让步状语从句时 可以用倒装语序 也可以不用 用倒装语序时和 asas 引导让步状语从句的用法一样 将表语或状语提前 如果表语是可数名词单数 还必须省引导让步状语从句的用法一样 将表语或状语提前 如果表语是可数名词单数 还必须省 略不定冠词 略不定冠词 thoughthough 引导的让步状语从句可以用于句首或句中 同时 引导的让步状语从句可以用于句首或句中 同时 thoughthough 还可以用作还可以用作 副词置于句末 副词置于句末 如 Though Although he is a child he knows a lot Child though he is he knows a lot I am a bit cold It is nothing serious though Much as though I like it I won t buy it fot it is too expensive although although 引导的让步状语从句多用于句首 并且不能用倒装语序 引导的让步状语从句多用于句首 并且不能用倒装语序 如 Although he is a child he knows a lot 2 2 eveneven ifif eveneven thoughthough 引导的让步状语从句的用法 引导的让步状语从句的用法 10 even if even though 引导让步状语从句时 根据具体情况可以使用陈述语气和虚拟 语气 主 从句谓语动词与 if 引导的虚拟条件状语从句时的谓语动词相同 如 Even if Even though I were rich I would work They will stand by you even if even though you don t succeed 3 3 howeverhowever whateverwhatever whoeverwhoever wheneverwhenever whereverwherever nono mattermatter howhow what what who who when when where where whether orwhether or 等引导的让步状语从句的用法 等引导的让步状语从句的用法 howeverhowever whateverwhatever whoeverwhoever wheneverwhenever wherever nowherever no mattermatter howhow whatwhat whowho whenwhen wherewhere whether orwhether or 等引导的让步状语从句表示一正一反的概念 等引导的让步状语从句表示一正一反的概念 howeverhowever whatever whatever whoever whoever whenever whenever wherever wherever 可以引导让步状语从句和名词性从句 可以引导让步状语从句和名词性从句 而而 nono mattermatter howhow what what who who when where when where 只能引导让步状语从句 只能引导让步状语从句 如 Nobody believed him no matter what whateverwhat whatever he said I can t decide whoeverwhoever he will tell Whatever NoWhatever No mattermatter whatwhat you say he won t believe you You can take whateverwhatever you like Whether you believe it or not it s true 补充 补充 when when whilewhile 也可以作从属连词 相当于也可以作从属连词 相当于 although although 如 Suddenly she stopped short when she ought to have continued 尽管她应该继 续下去 她却突然停住了 While I admit that there are problems I don t agree that they can not be solved 尽管我承认有问题存在 但我不同意说这些问题不能解决 七 目的状语从句的用法 七 目的状语从句的用法 so that in order that 和 lest 免得 以防 in case that 以免 以防 for fear that 以免 以防 等可以引导目的状语从句 1 1 soso thatthat inin orderorder thatthat 引导目的状语从句时 引导目的状语从句时 从句中常常含有情态动词 can could may might will would 等 另外 当它们引导的目的状语从句与主句主语一 致时 可以将从句换成 so as to 和 in order to 结构 构成动词不定式短语作目的状语 原复合句转化为简单句 同时 in order that 引导的从句可以置于主句之前或之后 而 so that 引导的从句只能置于主句之后 如 I hurried so that I wouldn t be late for class I hurried so as not to be late for class He got up early in order that he could get there in 11 time He got up early in order to get there in time In order that we might see the sunrise we started for the peak early 2 lestlest 免得 以防 免得 以防 inin casecase that that 以免 以防 以免 以防 forfor fearfear thatthat 以免 以 以免 以 防 等引导目的状语从句防 等引导目的状语从句时 for fear that 表示害怕 担心某事会发生 而 lest in case that 表示以防 万一出现某种情况 如 Mary didn t want to get out of bed for fear that she might wake her baby up Take your raincoat in case that it rains 注意 在 in case for fear that lest 以免 以防 等引导的从句中也可以用 虚拟语气 其谓语动词为 should 动词原形 如 She took her raincoat in case for fear that lest she should be caught in the rain 八 结果状语从句的用法 八 结果状语从句的用法 1 1 soso that that so that so that such that such that withwith thethe resultresult thatthat 都可以引导结都可以引导结 果状语从句 果状语从句 常常位于主句之后 I did very well in English so that I was praised by Miss Green His progress was such that surprised all the teachers 他的进步这么大 因此所有的老 师都感到吃惊 This is so great a meeting room that it can seat about 5000 people 注意 如果表示强调 可以将注意 如果表示强调 可以将 soso 或或 suchsuch 移到句首 主句采用部分倒装的形式移到句首 主句采用部分倒装的形式 如 So badly was he ill that he was taken to the hospital Such a clever boy was he that all of us like him 2 2 such thatsuch that 与与 so thatso that 引导结果状语从句的异同 引导结果状语从句的异同 such that 与 so that 都可以引导结果状语从句 其区别是 such 只能修饰名 词 不能修饰形容词或副词 so 修饰形容词或副词 不能修饰名词 其次 如果名词为可 数名词单数时 用 such 和 so 都可以 但是冠词和形容词的位置不一样 另外 如果名词 前面有了 many much few little 少 等表示多与少时 只能用 so 修饰 常见结构如 下 a an adj 可数名词单数 such adj 可数名词复数 that 从句 12 adj 不可数名词 adj adv so that 从句 adj a an 可数名词单数 few many 可数名词复数 so that 从句 little 少 much 不可数名词 They are such good students that all the teachers are proud of them He runs so fast that all of us can t catch up with him He is such a good boy that all of us like him He is so good a boy that all of us like him There is so little 少 water in the glass that I can t drink TheyThey areare suchsuch littlelittle childrenchildren thatthat theythey cancan notnot gogo toto schoolschool themselves themselves 注意 注意 句中句中 littlelittle 表示表示 小小 而不表示而不表示 少少 所以用 所以用 such that such that 结构 结构 3 3 soso thatthat 引导目的状语从句和引导结果状语从句的区别 引导目的状语从句和引导结果状语从句的区别 so that 即可以引导目的状语从句 以便 为了 又可以引导结果状语从句 结 果 其区别在于 引导目的状语从句时 从句中常常含有 can could may might will would 等情态动词 并且主句和从句之间无逗号隔开 引导 结果状语从句时 从句中一般不含情态动词 并且主句和从句之间有逗号隔开 如 We arrived early so that we could get good seats 我们到得很早 以便能找到 好座位 We arrived early so that we got good seats 我们到得很早 因此我 们找到了好座位 补充 除结果状语从句外 too to 太 而不能 enough to 达到 某种程度可以 so as to 如此 以至于 等不定式结构同样可以表示 结果 如 He didn t get up early enough to catch the bus He got up too late to catch the bus He got up so late as to miss the bus 13 九 比较状语从句的用法 九 比较状语从句的用法 比较状语从句常用 as than 来引导 由于从句中常有一些成分被省略 句中只剩下 比较的对象 这类句子多看上去不完整 注意 在这样的句子中比较对象要对等 如 The weather is as warm as that in Beijing 1 1 as asas as 与与 一样一样 和 和 notnot as so asas so as 与与 不一样不一样 引导的 引导的 比较状语从句的用法比较状语从句的用法 He is as tall as me H