仔细阅读专项

四级阅读 巧做细节题四级阅读 巧做细节题 在最近几次的四级考试当细节题所占比例有所增加 从 2006 年题型改革之前的 40 提 高到 50 我们可以这么说 得细节题者得天下 解决细节题 首先就是在题干中寻找关键词 然后将关键词代入文章找到它在原文中 的位置 接着仔细分析该句然后找到对应选项 不过 在多年的教学当中笔者发现 恰巧 是最后一步 找到与原文对应的选项成为了绝大多数考生的拦路虎 广大考生所面临的 实际情况是 文章好像也看懂了 重点也找到了 但是四个选项看起来却是 乱花渐欲迷 人眼 让人无所适从 症结所在就是无法找到真正与原文对应的最佳选项 欠缺应有的 甄别能力 这个问题该如何解决呢 这就是今天要向读者朋友们介绍的方法 逐词对应法 下面笔者将结合一篇四级阅读真题 对此加以说明 段落和题目有删节 In communities north of Denver residents are pitching in to help teachers and administrators as the Vrain school District tries to solve a 13 8 million budget shortage blamed on mismanagement We re worried about our teachers and principals and we really don t want to lose them because of this one parent sail If we can help ease their financial burden we will The 22 000 student district discovered the shortage last month It s extraordinary Nobody would have imagined something happening like this at this level said State Treasurer Mike Coffman At Coffman s request the District Attorney has begun investigating the district s finances Coffman says he wants to know whether district officials hid the budget shortage until after the November election when voters approved a 212 million bond issue for schools At Creek High School three students started a website that displays newspaper articles district information and an email forum 论坛 Rumors about what s happening to the district are moving at lighting speed said a student We wanted to know the truth and spread that around instead 28 In the view of State Treasurer Mike Coffman the educational budget shortage is A unavoidable B unthinkable C insolvable D irreversible 29 Why did Coffman request an investigation A To see if there was a deliberate cover up of the problem B To find out the extent of the consequences of the case C To make sure that the school principals were innocent D To stop the voters approving the 212 million bong issue 30 Three high school students started a website in order to A attract greater public attention to their needs B appeal to the public for contributions and donations C expose officials who neglected their duties D keep people properly informed of the crisis 28 题问的是 Mike Coffman 对预算短缺问题看法 一般考生都可以分析出来此题所针对的 是文章第 2 段当中 Coffman 所说的 Nobody would have imagined something happening like this at this level 几乎没有人能够想象到会发生程度如此严重的问题 大概说 来 Coffman 想要强调的是问题的严重性 不过分析四个选项之后我们发现命题者可谓是颇 费心思 所设计的四个选项 unavoidable 难以避免 unthinkable 难以设想 insolvable 无法解决 还有 irreversible 覆水难收 都有 问题严重 这个含义在内 这 就使得不少考生犯难了 而逐词对应这个方法就是要告诫我们抛开对选项和原文的表面化 和简单化的了解 要深入到其中的核心词汇 逐个加以分析 比如 28 题的四个选项 在经 过纵向比较之后不难发现它们虽然表面意思比较接近但是其中的动词词根的意义差别却相 当巨大 分别为 avoid 避免 think solve 解决 和 reverse 颠倒 接着我们回看原文 在 Coffman 所说的这句话中真正的实义动词就是 imagine 想象 很明显 只有 B 选项的 think 最能够传达原文的意思 29 题问 Coffman 为什么要求对该地财政状况进行调查 第三段第二句告诉我们 he wants to know whether district officials hid the budget shortage until after the November election 他想知道是否有当地官员故意掩盖预算短问题缺 一直拖到 11 月份选 举 根据逐词对应的思路 我们首先要提炼出原文当中的核心词汇 尤其是实义动词 因为动词牵涉到全句的基本含义 所以实义动词的提取和比较也就是它的精髓所在 原句 的实义动词有两部分 首先是主句的 wants to know 显然 D 选项的动词 stop 是无法 与之对应的 自然被排除 接着我们又看到原句中的第二个动词 hid 在这儿它的意思是 掩盖 分析到此相信大家都明白了 能够和它对等的就是 A 选项中的 cover up 逐词对应 避免了对无关或者多余信息的比较 直指核心 确实达到了事半功倍的效果 最后一题在当年的考试当中是得分率最低的一个 但是在使用了逐词对应之后相信读者们 会迅速做出正确判断 30 题针对的是全文最后一句 We wanted to know the truth and spread that around instead 我们想要了解事实并将向公众传达 不难发现这句话中的实义动词 有两个 know 和 spread 值得注意的是这里的 spread 是传播的意思 再来看看四个选项 的动词部分 A 选项是 attract 吸引 B 选项是 appeal to 在本句中的意思是呼吁 C 选项是 expose 揭露 D 选项是动词词组 keep somebody informed 告知 通知某人 既然原文讲到学生门成立网站的目的是要 了解 和 传播 事实 那就是要让大家都知 道事实 或者说把事实情况告诉给周围的人 显而易见 D 选项成为了不二的选择 综上所述 逐词对应法主要由两个部分组成 首先是要提取核心词汇 主要是实义动词 理解它们在原文和选项中的正确含义 接下来只要找到包含与原文意义一致的选项即 可 希望考生朋友们能够仔细体会 帮助自己迅速提高解题正确率 大学英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案详解大学英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案详解 Passage 1 Of the thousands of different kinds of animals that exist in the world man has learned to make friends with an enormous number Some are pets and offer him companionship some give protection and some do hard work which man cannot do for himself Dogs which serve man in all three capacities are found in various breeds in all countries of the world The Husky can live in the cold polar regions and the Saluki is at home in the hottest parts of Central Africa The inhabitants of certain countries are dependent for their very lives on the camel In the West Indies the little donkey strong and sure footed carrying heavy loads even in mountainous places is a familiar sight Trained and tamed for many generations domestic animals are not accustomed to roaming 到处走动 in search of food and shelter They look to their masters to provide for their needs and as long as these are supplied they are content to do what their masters require All domestic animals need proper food It must be suitable for them sufficient in quantity fresh and clean Some people feed a pet dog or cat on odds and ends of table scraps and then wonder why the animal seems listless 倦怠的 and dull The quantity of food depends on the size of the animal and the amount of exercise it takes Overfeeding is as bad as underfeeding Containers for food and water must be washed regularly if the animal is to maintain good health Even well cared for animals may sometimes fall ill If this happens the wise master seeks the best advice he can get All sorts of medicines and treatments are available for sick animals and in some countries organizations exist to provide them free or at a cheap price Useful friendly hardworking animals deserve to have some time money and attention spent on their health 1 What main idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph A There exists thousands of species of animals in the world B Man came to establish a close relationship with a number of animals C In some regions a donkey seems to be a very useful beast D An animal will be useless unless domesticated 2 When an animal is underfed it will probably A refuse to obey its master B immediately fall ill C require its master to offer some food D seek for food on its own 3 Which of the following is NOT true of dogs according to the passage A They can act as friends guards and servants to man B They have great adaptation for the environment C There live a great variety of breeds of dogs on the globe D The Husky and the Saluki are the strongest breed ever known in the world 4 To keep a domestic animal physically fit its owner is advised A not to hesitate to spend enormous amount of money on it B to pay attention to its proper feeding C not to allow it to take excessive amounts of exercise D to join some sort of pet keeping organizations 5 Which of the following would be best TITLE for this passage A Domesticated Animals Man s Best Friend B Proper Diet the Road to Health C The Advantages of Raising Domestic Animals D Some Tips on Pet keeping Passage 2 第一次四级模拟考试已用 第一次四级模拟考试已用 The greatest contribution to civilization in the century may well be the air conditioning and American leads just as amazing is the speed with which this situation came to be Air conditioning began to spread in industries as a production aid during World War Today most Americans need to take air conditioning for granted to homes offices factories theatres shops studios schools hotels and restaurants But not everybody is aware that high cost and easy comfort are merely two of the effects of the vast cooling of American In fact air conditioning has substantially altered the country s character and customs Many of the byproducts are so conspicuous that they are scarcely noticed To begin with air conditioning transformed the face of America by making possible those glassy boxy sealed in skyscrapers It has been indispensable no less to the functioning of sensitive advanced computers whose high operating temperatures require that they be constantly cooled It has at will forced families into retreating into families with closed doors and shut windows reducing the interactions of neighborhood life It is really surprising that the public s often noted withdrawal into self pursuit and privacy has coincided with the historic spread of air conditioning Though science has little studied how habitual air conditioning affects mind and body some medical experts suggest that like other technical avoidance of natural variations in climate air conditioning may damage the human capacity to adapt to stress If so air conditioning is only like many other greatly useful technical developments that liberate man from nature by increasing his productivity and power in some way while indirectly weakening him in others 6 According to this selection which of the following constitutes the unique character of U S A Its excessive use of air conditioning B Its advanced computerized civilization C Its public s retreating into self pursuit D Its greatest contribution to human civilization 7 According to the author the chief consequence brought about by the wide application of air conditioning is A the loss of human capacity to adapt to changes in climate B the reduction of social communications of neighborhood life C the active life style of all its users D the decreased human production and power 8 The tone of this selection reveals that air conditioning A has little effect on its users B has more effect on body than on mind C brings more benefits than damage to its users D does harm as well as good to its users 9 Who benefits the least from air conditioning according to the author A Medical experts B Manufacturers C Factory laborers D Consumers 10 What is the author s overall attitude towards air conditioning A Neutral B Objective C Critical D Compromising Passage 3 第一次四级模拟考试已用 第一次四级模拟考试已用 Our quarrel with efficiency is not that it gets things done but that it is a thief of time when it leaves us no leisure to enjoy ourselves and that it strains our nerves when we try to get things done perfectly In building bridges American engineers calculate so finely and exactly as to make the two ends come together within one tenth of an inch But when two Chinese begin to dig a tunnel from both sides of a mountain both come out on the other side The Chinese s firm belief is that it doesn t matter so long as a tunnel is dug through and if we have two instead of one why we have a double track to boot The pace of modern industrial life forbids this kind of glorious and magnificent idling But worse than that it imposes upon us a different conception of time as measured by the clock and eventually turns the human being into a clock himself This sort of thing is bound to come to China as is evident for instance in the case of a factory of twenty thousand worker The luxurious prospect of twenty thousand workers coming in at their own sweet pleasure at all hours is of course somewhat terrifying Nevertheless such efficiency is what makes life so hard and full of excitement A man who has to be punctually at a certain place at five o clock has the whole afternoon from one to five ruined for him already Every American adult is arranging his time on the pattern of the schoolboy three o clock for this five o clock for that six thirty for change of dress six fifty for entering the taxi and seven o clock for arriving at the destination It just makes life not worth living 11 The writer objects to efficiency mainly on the grounds that it A entitles us to too much leisure time B urges us to get things done punctually C deprives us of leisure time D imposes on us a perfect concept of time 12 In the eyes of the author the introduction of industrial life gives rise to A the excitement of life B magnificent idling of time C more emphasis on efficiency D terrifying schoolboy 13 The passage tells us A Chinese workers come to work when it is convenient B all Americans are forced to be efficient against their will C Chinese engineers are on better terms with the management D Americans ought not to work so hard for efficiency 14 The author believes that relaxing the rule of punctuality in factories would lead to A great confusion B increased production C a hard and exciting life D successful completion of a tunnel 15 What is implied but NOT stated by the author is that A every American is arranging his time in the pattern of a schoolboy B every American is reluctant to be efficient C every one should have some time to spend as he pleases D being punctual is an undesirable habit which should not be formed Passage 4 Now let us look at how we read When we read a printed text our eyes move across a page in short jerky movement We recognize words usually when our eyes are still when they fixate Each time they fixate we see a group of words This is known as the recognition span or the visual span The length of time ofr which the eyes stop the duration of the fixation varies considerably from person to person It also vaies within any one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text Furthermore it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness Unfortunately in the past many reading improvement courses have concentrated too much on how our eyes move across the printed page As a result of this misleading emphasis on the purely visual aspects of reading numerous exercises have been devised to train the eyes to see more words at one fixation For instance in some exercises words are flashed on to a screen for say a tenth or a twentieth of a second One of the exercises has required students to fix their eyes on some central point taking in the words on either side Such word patterns are often constructed in the shape of rather steep pyramids so the reader takes in more and more words at each successive fixation All these exercises are very clever but it s one thing to improve a person s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently Reading requires the ability to understand the relationship between words Consequently for these reasons many experts have now begun to question the usefulness of eye training especially since any approach which trains a person to read isolated words and phrases would seem unlikely to help him in reading a continuous text 16 The time of the recognition span can be affected by the following facts except A one s familiarity with the text B one s purpose in reading C the length of a group of words D lighting and tiredness 17 The author may believe that reading A requires a reader to take in more words at each fixation B requires a reader to see words more quickly C demands an deeply participating mind D demands more mind than eyes 18 What does the author mean by saying but it s one thing to improve a person s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently in the second paragraph A The ability to see words is not needed when an efficient reading is conducted B The reading exercises mentioned can t help to improve both the ability to see and to comprehend words C The reading exercises mentioned can t help to improve an efficient reading D The reading exercises mentioned has done a great job to improve one s ability to see words 19 Which of the following is NOT true A The visual span is a word or a group of words we see each time B Many experts began to question the efficiency of eye training C The emphasis on the purely visual aspects is misleading D The eye training will help readers in reading a continuous text 20 The tune of the author in writing this article is A critical B neutral C pessimistic D optimistic Passage 5 Videodisc holds great promise of helping to meet the needs of American schoolchildren who have problems seeing hearing speaking or socializing Almost eleven percent of the students aged 3 21 in this country have an impairment that affects their ability to benefit from a regular education program Handicapped students require special education because they are often markedly different from most children in one or more of the following ways mentally retarded 发 展迟缓的 learning disabled emotionally disturbed deaf visually handicapped physically handicapped or other health impairments The education of these handicapped children is rewarding but challenging A special education student usually needs a longer period of time to acquire information Repetitive teaching techniques are often beneficial and indefatigable 孜孜不倦的 consistency on the part of the teacher is frequently necessary Interactive videodisc courseware has characteristics that can be capitalized upon to meet the challenges that special education poses A videodisc program is infinitely patient Repetition of any videodisc lesson can continue endlessly and designers can assure absolute consistency within a program Most important according to special educator William Healey of the University of Arizona is that videodisc adds an extra dimension of realism for children who need graphic representations Healey explained that deaf and mentally retarded children especially have difficulty grasping figurative 比喻的 language and higher order language concepts He believes that for special education the power of videodisc lies in the ability of the technology to visually represent language concepts normally taken for granted by non handicapped persons Complex figurative language forms such as idioms and metaphors come most readily to mind as being difficult for handicapped learners 21 The special education mentioned in the text is mainly concerned with A genius students from day care centers to colleges B students who are fond of computer video games C teachers of language in the University of Arizona D students who are either mentally or physically disabled 22 A videodisc courseware is beneficial to those who have study difficulties because A its fancy design is very attractive B it allows the user to go back to where he wants to restudy C the content of it is healthy and promising D it is developed by university professors 23 According to Professor Healey we may infer that mentally retarded children perhaps A need graphic representations in order to understand higher order language concepts B are good at studying English idioms but often fail to grasp hi