2012年考研英语阅读理解及答案解析10.docx

2012年考研英语阅读理解及答案解析10难句分析：难句1 International affiliates account for a fastgrowing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment.分析此句的主干是“International affiliates account for a fastgrowing segment of production in economies.”，后面的that open up and welcome foreign investment是economies的定语从句。译文在那些对外开放并鼓励外资的国家的经济中国际分公司在国民生产中所占的比重越来越大。难句2 I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that/kcnet1480/ underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers demands.分析此句主干为“I believe that.”，其中that引导了believe的宾语从句，其中的又一个that可替换为as the ones that，是一个定语从句。冒号后面的部分是the most important forces的同位语，其中markets后面的that从句是markets的定语，capable of meeting customers demands是operations的补语。译文我认为，推动这股巨大的并购浪潮的最主要的力量，也是推动全球化进程的力量，包括日趋下降的运输与通讯费用，较低的贸易与投资壁垒，以及市场的扩大和为满足市场需求而进行的扩大生产。难句3 And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U.S. vs. Microsoft case?分析此句的主干是“should one country take upon itself the role.”，而that affect many other nations是issues的定语从句。as in the U.S. vs. Microsoft case是issues的补语。on issues是take upon itself the role的状语。译文在那些将会影响许多其他国家的事情中，如美国政府与微软公司的诉讼案，一个国家是否应该担负起“保护竞争”的责任呢？文章类型：社会科学经济学本文的主题有关企业合并与收购浪潮，并分析其产生的原因，认为并没有给消费和技术进步带来伤害。试题解析：63. 如今，企业的典型趋势是什么？A 吸收更多的外国资金。B 更多地投资海外。C 合并、变得更大。D 与更多的国家发展贸易。细节事实题【正确答案】 C考点在于对第一段，也即对文章主题的理解。第一段第一句话表示世界正在经历有史以来最大的一次合并和收购的浪潮。这一浪潮不仅影响到美洲和欧洲，还涉及一些新兴国家。可见，当今商业发展的主要趋势是合并，从而使有些企业变得更大。所以，C项正确。64. 根据作者的观点，隐藏于合并浪潮背后的一个推动力是。A 更大的消费者需求B 市场的供应过剩C 日益提高的生产力D 世界财富的增长细节事实题【正确答案】 A第三段指出，推动合并和收购这一狂潮的最重要力量同导致全球化过程的力量是一样的，其中包括falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers和/kcnet1480/ enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers demands。A项“顾客更大的需求”符合最后一项，属于推动力之一。65根据第四段，我们可以推知：。A 日益增多的行业合并肯定会损害消费者的利益。B 世界电信的合并成为既有利可图又要付出代价的恰当例子。C 全球化进程的代价高昂。D 标准石油托拉斯可能给竞争带来过威胁。推理题【正确答案】 D从第四段中，我们得知，当前还没有足够多的例证来论证有关合并浪潮的利与弊。一百年前，由于人们对美国标准石油托拉斯（the Standard Oil Trust）持有戒心，它被解散。根据这一点，我们可以推断，美国标准石油托拉斯可能会威胁竞争。所以选择D项。66. 对于新的企业合并浪潮，作者的态度可以说是。A 乐观的B 客观的C 悲观的D 有偏见的态度题【正确答案】B考点在于把握全文主题（theme）及作者态度（authors attitude）。纵览全文，作者首先描述了合并与收购的热潮，分析了这一狂潮背后的动因，以实例说明其带来的利益，又在文末告诫人们防范其弊端。可见，作者对于合并与收购的态度比较客观，因此选择B项。全文翻译：世界正在经历一场前所未有的巨大的并购浪潮。这个浪潮从异常活跃的美国席卷到欧洲，并以不可比拟的威力影响到正在崛起的国家。这些国家的许多人面对这个浪潮开始忧虑：“企业合并的浪潮会不会变成一股不可控制的反竞争的力量？”第一段：从现象引出问题：企业合并的浪潮会不会变成一股不可控制的反竞争的力量。无疑，大企业正在变得更大、更强。跨国公司在1982年只占有国际贸易不到20的份额。而现在，这个数字上升到25强，并且还在迅速上升。在那些对外开放并鼓励外资的国家的经济中国际分公司在国民生产中所占的比重越来越大。比如，在阿根廷，经过90年代初的改革之后，跨国公司在200家大型企业的工业生产中从43增加到几乎70。这个现象造成了人们对小型企业和民族资本的作用以及世界经济的最终稳定的极大关注。我认为，推动这股巨大的并购浪潮的最主要的力量，也是推动全球化进程的力量，包括日趋下降的运输与通讯费用，较低的贸易与投资壁垒，以及市场的扩大和为满足市场需求而进行的扩大生产。所有这些对消费者来说都有益而无害的。随着生产力的提高，世界的财富也在增长。第二、三段：作者指出企业规模确实越来越大及其原因。目前证明这股合并浪潮是带来利还是弊的实例并不多。但是很难想象当今的几个石油公司的合并是否会重新造成约100年前美国标准石油公司对竞争造成的同样的威胁，那时由于人们对该公司的这种担心而导致了它最终的解散。像世界通讯这样的通讯公司合并似乎没有给消费者带来更高的费用，或者降低技术进步的速度。相反，通信的价格在迅速下降。在汽车行业，合并也同样在增加比如戴姆勒与克莱斯勒，雷诺与尼桑的合并但消费者看起来并未受到伤害。第四段：指出很难断定合并浪潮是好是坏，并且说明目前的合并不会威胁到竞争机制。但是合并运动必须受到严密监视这个事实仍然存在。就在几星期以前，格林斯潘对银行业的巨大合并发出了警告。谁来充当最终的借贷者，对这家正在形成的庞大银行发挥监督、规范和运作的作用。当一个国家对破坏公平竞争的行为的处理过于严厉时，跨国公司会不会把它们的生产从一地转到另一地呢？在那些将会影响许多其他国家的事情中，如美国政府与微软公司的诉讼案，一个国家是否应该担负起“保护竞争”的责任呢？第五段，指出人们还是要密切关注兼并浪潮，暗指兼并可能具有危险性。When I decided to quit my fulltime employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.Curiously, some twoandahalf years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting” has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all”, preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her muchpublicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”.In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a wellestablished trend. Downshiftingalso known in America as “voluntary simplicity”has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism. There are a number of bestselling downshifting selfhelp books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their clingfilm to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid90s equivalent of dropping out.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economy declineafter the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late80sand is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middleclass downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the80s,downshifting in the mid90s is not so much a search for the mythical good lifegrowing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into oneas a personal recognition of your limitations.67Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?AFulltime employment is a new international trend.BThe writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.C“A lateral move” means stepping out of fulltime employment.DThe writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.68The writers experiment shows that downshifting.Aenables her to realize her dreamBhelps her mold a new philosophy of lifeCprompts her to abandon her high social statusDleads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine69. “Juggling ones life” probably means living a life characterized by .Anonmaterialistic lifestyleBa bit of everythingCextreme stressDanticonsumerism70According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result of .Athe quick pace of modern lifeBmans adventurous spiritCmans search for mythical experiencesDthe economic situation核心词汇：absolute5AbsElu:ta.绝对的，完全的；确实的，肯定的（ab不+solute决不松开绝对的）acquaintanceE5kweintEnsn.认识，相识，了解；相识的人，熟人（acquaint告知+ance名词后缀熟悉）adventurousEd5ventFErEsa.喜冒险的；充满危险的 (adventur（e）冒险+ous形容词后缀）alternativeC:l5tE:nEtivn.两者择一，抉择(alternate交替ive形容词后缀二者择一的)blockblCkn.大块木（石）料;街区;障碍物v.阻塞,拦阻clingkliNv.(to)粘住;依附;坚持compelkEm5pelv.强迫,迫使(com共同+pel推一起推强迫)curious5kjuEriEsa.好奇的, 求知的, 古怪的, 爱挑剔的（cur+ious形容词后缀关心的，好奇的）；curiously (ad.好奇地；奇怪地）curious+lydeadline5dedlainn.最后期限（dead+line）doctrine5dCktrinn.教条，教义；法律原则；声明（doctr教+in+e名词后缀教的东西教条）equivalenti5kwivElEnta.相等的,等价的n.相等物,等价物（equi+val力量+ent力量平等相等的）