07年6月--10月东亚考题带中文.doc

07年6月10年5月艰难困苦真受益么2007.6 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below: It is not true that prosperity is better for people than adversity. When people are thriving and content, they seldom feel the need to look for ways to improve themselves or their situation. Hardship, on the other hand, forces people to closely examineand possibly changetheir own lives and even the lives of others. Misfortune rather than prosperity helps people to gain a greater understanding of themselves and the world around them. Assignment: Do people truly benefit from hardship and misfortune? 英雄和名人的区别 只羡英雄不羡名人2007.10 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below: Having many admirers is one way to become a celebrity, but it is not the way to become a hero. Heroes are self-made. Yet in our daily lives we see no difference between celebrities and heroes. For this reason, we deprive ourselves of real role models. We should admire heroespeople who are famous because they are greatbut not celebritiespeople who simply seem great because they are famous. Assignment: Should we admire heroes but not celebrities? 批判 真有利于人的发展和社会福祉么2007.11 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below: All people judge or criticize the ideas and actions of others. At times, these criticisms hurt or embarrass the people receiving them. Other criticisms seem to be intended to make the critics appear superior. And yet criticism is essential to our success as individuals and as a society. Assignment: Is criticismjudging or finding fault with the ideas and actions of othersessential for personal well-being and social progress?科技的目的和以前大相径庭了么2007.12 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below: Until fairly recently, technological innovations and inventions were intended to serve basic human needs or desires. Today, however, the most important and urgent problem confronting us is no longer the satisfaction of basic needs. The primary purpose of modern technology is to solve the unintended problems caused by the technology of years past. Assignment: Is the most important purpose of technology today different from what it was in the past? 归属于相同点多的人群有价值么2008.1 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below: Since we live in a global society, surely we should view ourselves as citizens of the whole world. But instead, people choose to identify and associate with smaller and more familiar groups. People think of themselves as belonging to families, nations, cultures, and generationsor as belonging to smaller groups whose members share ideas, views, or common experiences. All of these kinds of groups may offer people a feeling of security but also prevent them from learning or experiencing anything new. Assignment: Is there any value for people to belong only to a group or groups with which they have something in common? 过去的经历持续影响现在么2008.5 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below: Common suggests an obvious division between the past and present, between history and current events. In many cases, however, this boundary is not clear-cut because earlier events are not locked away in the past. Events from history remain alive through peoples memories and through books, films, and other media. For both individuals and groups, incidents from the past continue to influence the present-sometimes positively and sometimes negatively. Assignment: Do incidents from the past continue to influence the present? 个人行动比组的行动更有价值么2008.6 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below: Much of what we do has become so complex that most activities require groups or teams of people to perform them. However, although groups are useful for some purposes, for other purposes they can be worse than useless. It is important to focus on what individuals can be and do, since focusing exclusively on groups and teams becomes counterproductive. Assignment: Are the actions of individuals more valuable than the actions of groups or teams? 行动不是语言更能反映一个人或者组的态度和目的2008.10 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below: Governments, businesses, groups, or people reveal themselves by how they act, not by what they say. A company may claim to value its customers, or a politician may claim to be committed to a cause, but what do their actions say? People or groups may state what they wish were true or what they think others want to hear, but it is their actions that reveal their true values. Assignment: Do actions, not words, reveal a person or groups true attitudes and intentions? 通过人所作的定义这个人最好么2009.5 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below: People define themselves by work, by what they do. When one person asks another, What do you do? the answer always refers to a job or profession: Im a doctor, an accountant, a farmer. Ive often wondered what would happen if we changed the question to, Who are you? or, What kind of person are you? or even, What do you do for fun? Adapt from Stephen Rechtschaffen, Time Shifting Assignment: Are people best defined by what they do?社会应该限制人们信息的获取和表达2008.11 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below: On the surface, censorship seems objectionable because it limits our freedom. But all societies need to suppress or restrict information that is offensive or potentially harmful. People depend on the establishment of some limits, some way of making distinctions between what is right and what is wrong. Censorship is actually beneficial to a society because it helps to establish ideals of what is proper in such areas as art, music, and literature. Assignment: Should society limit peoples exposure to some kinds of information or forms of expression? 帮助别人只是为了自助么2008.12 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below: Why do people help others? Many philosophers and psychologists claim that everything people do, no matter how noble and beneficial to others, is really directed toward the ultimate goal of self-benefit. According to this view, helping others is always motivated by the prospect of some benefit to the helper, however small, and not out of genuine concern for the welfare of another. Adapted from C. Daniel Batson, The Altruism Question Assignment: Do we only help others in order to help ourselves in some way?坚持达到目标总似乎最好还是应该没有进展时候就放弃2009.1 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below: The history of human achievement is filled with stories of people who persevere, refusing to give up in the struggle to meet their goals. Artists and scientists, for instance, may struggle for years without any apparent progress or reward before they finally succeed. However, it is important to recognize that perseverance does not always yield beneficial results. Assignment: Is striving to achieve a goal always the best course of action, or should people give up if they are not making progress? 必须有输有赢么 没有双赢的情况么2009.6 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below: Winning does not require people to be against someone else; people can reach their goals through cooperation just as well as they can through competition. Winning is not always the result of selfish individualism. People achieve happiness by cooperating with others to increase the happiness of all, rather than by winning at others expense. Ours is not a world in which the price of one persons happiness is someone elses unhappiness. Assignment: When some people win, must others lose, or are there situations in which everyone wins? 应该先行动再获取信息还是获取所有信息再行动2009.10 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below: People distinguish between knowledge and action and pursue them separately, believing that one must know everything about a problem before one can take any action on it. This idea that people should put knowledge first and save action for later is not new. There have always been people who waste precious hours of their lives in this manner, saying that they will wait until they truly know all there is to know before putting their knowledge into practice. Assignment: Is it better for people to know everything they can about something before taking action, or should they act first and get more information later? 应该所有新的想法都被质疑么2009.11 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below: The philosopher John Locke once said that new ideas are usually opposed for no other reason than that people are unfamiliar with them. Locke thought people should not be suspicious of new ideas. He may have been right. After all, people once opposed the idea that the Earth is round. Still, people should not accept new ideas simply because they are new. It is foolish not to question new ideas. Assignment: Should new ideas always be questioned?权威说对就应该相信？2009.12 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below: Many people believe in the truth of certain “facts” or ideas merely because someone with authority has told them that these things are true. However, many facts and ideas once upheld by experts or authority figures have turned out to be false, including some that have been generally believed and accepted. Thus, people should have never assumed the truth of anything that they have not carefully examined or tested for themselves. Assignment: Is it a mistake to believe something simply because an authority claims that it is true? 观察熟悉东西能发现伟大的东西还是观察不熟悉的东西呢？2010.1 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below: Great discoveries often occur when a person explore the unknown, venturing far from what is familiar. But important breakthroughs innovative solutions to difficult problems, for example can also result when people take the time to look closely at their daily surroundings. In fact, the greatest discoveries often occur when people recognize in their familiar surroundings certain opportunities that others have overlooked or when people recognize that the way things have always been done is unjust or ineffective or unnecessary. Assignment: Do people make the greatest discoveries by exploring what is unfamiliar to them or by paying close attention to what seems familiar? 成功是强调自己和他人的不同么？2010.5 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below: In business, the term personal brand describes how companies define themselves and differentiate their products from those of other companies. People, too, are often advised to develop a kind of personal brand or styleto make themselves stand out from other people by developing unique characteristics. Nowadays, people who want to be successful in school, at work, or in their personal relationships must emphasize their differences from their peers in the same way that companies emphasize their differences from their competitors. Assignment: Do people succeed by e