2012高考英语语法金点拨 情态动词

1 20122012 高考英语语法金点拨 高考英语语法金点拨 情态动词情态动词 一 情态动词的语法特征一 情态动词的语法特征 1 情态动词除 ought 和 have 外 后面只能接不带 to 的不定式 2 情态动词没有人称 数的变化 即情态动词第三人称单数不加 s 二 情态动词的用法 二 情态动词的用法 Can couldCan could May May mightmight MustMust Shall shouldShall should will wouldwill would DareDare NeedNeed oughtought toto 一 一 CanCan 1 基本用法 1 表示能力 The parrot can speak three languages 2 表示请求 允许 Can Could I borrow the book from the library Yes I can No I can t Could 不表过去式 只表语气更委婉 表请求只用于疑问句 3 表示可能性 Shanghai can be very cold in March 2 Can 与 be able to 1 can could 表示能力 可能 过去时用 could 2 表示过去成功地做了某事时 只能用 was were able to 不能用 could He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out 3 在否定结构中 二者可以互换 3 can could have p p 1 在否定 疑问句中表示 对过去发生行为的可能性猜测 The door was lacked She couldn t have been at home 2 在肯定句中表示 本来可以做而未做 You could have been more careful 4 习语 cannot can t never hardly do too 越 越好 怎么也不过分 You cannot be too careful when you drive a car 驾车时候 越小心越好 二 二 MayMay 1 基本用法 1 表示可能性 She may be still waiting for us 2 表示允许 May I come in Yes you may No you mustn t 3 表示祝愿 May you have a happy holiday Might 过去式 语气更委婉 2 may might have p p 1 在否定 肯定句中表示对过去动作的推测 也许是 He might have spoken to her yesterday 2 Might have p p 表示虚拟 表 劝告 责备之意 You might have told me earlier 3 习语 may might as well do sth 意为 不妨 If that is the case we may as well try 三 三 MustMust 1 基本用法 1 表示肯定的猜测 但只用于肯定句 You have worked hard all day You must be tired 你辛苦干一整天 一定累了 He must be working in his office 他一定在办公室工作呢 2 而 mustn t 表示 禁止 不准 John you mustn t play with the knife you may hurt yourself 3 must 用于疑问句 表示责备 抱怨的感情色彩 意思为 偏偏 偏要 2 John look at the time Must you play the piano at such a late hour 2 Must have to 1 Must 表示主观 He said that they must work hard 2 Have to 表示客观需求 My brother was very ill so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night 3 must have p p 对过去事情的肯定猜测 The road id wet It must have rained last night 4 Must I hand in the book now Yes you must No needn t don t have to 四 四 ShallShall should should 1 基本用法 1 第一 三人称疑问句中表示 请求或征求对方意见 Shall I get you a cup of coffee 2 第二 三人称陈述句中表示许诺 决心 命令或警告 You shall lose your job if you don t do as I tell you 如果你不按我说的做 你将失去工作 You shan t have my computer if you don t take care of it 3 shall should ought to have p p 表示本应该做而未做 You should have been five minutes ago shall should ought not to have p p 表示本不应该做而做了 The little boy shouldn t have eaten the apple without washing it first 这个小 男孩不应当不洗苹果就吃 五 五 Will Will wouldwould 1 基本用法 1 表示意愿 I ll try my best to overcome the difficulty 2 表示意图 What will you do 3 表示请示 Will you halp me to put these books in order 4 表示习惯动作 She will sit for hours without saying a word 2 Would 与 used to 1 Would 表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向 后只能接表示动作的动词 He would go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day 2 used to 则还可以接表示状态的动词 He used to be a worker 六 六 DareDare dareddared 1 基本用法 1 作为情态动词用于否定 疑问句 条件从句中 1 Dare you go here alone 2 How dare you do such follish things 3 I won t allow you to swim in the river even if you dare do it 2 做实意动词后加不定式 I have never dared to tell him about it 七 七 NeedNeed needed needed 1 基本用法 1 情态动词用于否定句 疑问句 2 实意动词用法似 dare 用作不定式 3 need not have p p 表示 本来不需要做而做了 You needn t have brought your umbrella It is going to be clear up 你本可以 不必带伞 天就要晴了 2 在一般疑问句中的回答 Need I finish it now Yes you must No you needn t 3 典型错误典型错误 1 1 HeHe mustn tmustn t bebe in the classroom Can t 2 You might leave the bag on the bag might have left 3 You must have seen the film last week have t you didn t you 4 Li ming must have been to Japan didn t he hasn t he 表推测的反义疑问句要根据原时态或时间词确定助动词 注 情态动词 动词不定式表推测的用法比较 一 情态动词 一 情态动词 动词原形表推测的用法动词原形表推测的用法 1 肯定的推测一般用 must should may might 或 could 不用 can 其中 must 的语气最 强 译为 肯定 should 的语气次之 译为 很可能 应该 按常理推测 may might could 语气最弱 译为 也许 Helen go on the trip with us but she isn t quite sure yet 05 安徽 A shall B must C may D can I ve taken someone else s green sweater by mistake 2005 广东卷 It Harry s He always wears green A has to be B will be C mustn t be D could be Mr Bush is on time for everything How it be that he was late for the opening ceremony A can B should C may D must 2001 上海 春季卷 Are you coming to Jeff s party I m not sure I go to the concert instead 2000 全国卷 A must B would C should D might When can I come for the photos I need them tomorrow afternoon They be ready by 12 00 98 全国卷 A can B should C might D need 2 否定的推测 语气不很肯定时 常用 may not might not 或 could not 译为 可能不 也许不 否定语气较强时 则用 can t 译为 根本不可能 想必不会 表示惊异 怀疑的感情色彩 You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers not like the design of the furniture A must B shall C may D need 2004 上海春季卷 Do you know where David is I couldn t find him anywhere 2005 湖北卷 Well He have gone far his coat s still here A shouldn t B mustn t C can t D wouldn t 3 疑问句中推测往往用 can 或 could Mr Bush is on time for everything How it be that he was late for the opening ceremony A can B shoul C may D must 2001 上 海春季卷 二 情态动词 二 情态动词 have have donedone 表推测的用法表推测的用法 must have done 表示对过去动作的肯定推测 常译作 一定 只能用于肯定句中 其否定形式为 can t couldn t have done 疑问式为 Can Could have done could might have done 表示对过去发生的动作的可能性推测 常译作 可能做 了 He have completed his work otherwise he wouldn t be enjoying himself by 4 the seaside A shouldB must C wouldn tD can t 2005 北京卷 Do you know where David is I couldn t find him anywhere 200