定语从句复习讲解与精练.doc

定语从句复习讲解与精练定语从句（一）关系词的意义及作用定语从句是中学阶段英语语法中十分重要的一个语法项目。它在句子中出现的频率很高。对正确理解句子的意义起着举足轻重的作用。定语从句分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“先行词”。引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。关系词有两个作用：一、引导定语从句。二、代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。理解和牢记这两条概念，弄清楚关系词在定语从句充当什么成分，是掌握定语从句的关键。关系词的选用与判断在前一节中我们讲到正确选择关系词是掌握定语从句的关键。关系词的选择完全取决于先行词在定语从句中所充当的什么成分。关系词一共有九个，它们在从句中所充当的句子成分见下表。 关系词主语宾语表语定语状语说明that人/物人/物不能用于非限定性从句which物物who人whom人whose人/物whenwherewhyas主要用于非限制性的定语从句和suchas, the sameas, asas,结构中。关系词的选用1.先行词为all,everything,nothing等不定代词，代替物时，定语从句that用引导。注：something后一般用which。Is there anything that you want to explain?In 1898 they declared that they believed there was something in nature which gave out radiation.2.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词或only,very,none,no,little,few,much等修饰时定语从句用that引导。This is the only reason that I can say.This is the first step that can be taken.It is the best one that you may choose.3.way后面的定语从句，引导定语从句有三种情况：a.在比较正式的文体中用in which；b.一般情况下用that c.in which和that省去。 a. I was struck by the beauty of the way in which she stood. It was clear that the speaker now trusted Tom from the way in which these words were said.b. Lincoln asked the people to think of slavery in the way that these men did. Mary,there is one way that you could stop others talking about you and criticizing you.c. Thats the way I looked at it.The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.4.先行词是表示地点的名词时（country,school,room），而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当地点状 语，一般用where引导定语从句。也可以用介词which的结构。值得注意的是which前介词的选择是根据 先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。The room where(=in which)he used to live has now been turned into a museum.The desk where(=on which)I put my bag is his.This is the school where(=in which)I joined the Party.定语从句（二）关系词的选用与判断（续）5.先行词是表示时间的名词（year,month,day,night），而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当时间状语，一般用when引导定语从句。也可以用介词which的结构。值得注意的是which前介词的选择是根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。在掌握第4、第5条时应特别注意：介词的位置变化以及相应的关系词的变化。请分析下面两个句子。那就是他工作的大学。 at which he works. which he works at.That is the college where he works. that he works at. he works at.它出生的那一天是1952年8月20日。 on which he was born which he was born onThe day when he was born wasAug.20,1952. that he was born on he was born on6. 除了第4、第5条中when，where可以用介词关系词这种用法外。还有其他情况也可以用这种结构。即： 介词which。或介词whom。请看下面例句：This is the classmate with whom Ill go to the cinema.The subject in which Im most interested is English.We can see the method by which the computer works.在这种结构中，介词与先行词组成短语，在从句中充当句子成分，因此介词的选用时受到一定限制的，仍然根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。 三、关于as引导定语从句的问题as引导定语从句主要用于非限制性定语从句和the sameas，suchas，asas的结构中。1.as与which都可以引导一个非限制性定语从句，并代表前面整个句子或主句中的表语。He married the girl，as(which)was natural.He seemed a freigner,as(which)in fact he was.不同的是：as引导的定语从句可以前置，而which不行。 As was natural, he married the girl.2.在the sameas,suchas,asas结构中，same,such,as之后应是名词或形容词名词。We are facing the same problems as we did years ago.Some people have no doubt that their cat understands as many words as a dog does.We hope to get such a tool as he is using.这三种结构也可以用which改写。但要去掉这种结构，不能直接用which代替as。以上三句分别可以改写成：We are facing the problems which we faced years ago.Some people have no doubt that their cat understands the words which a dog understands.We hope to get the tool which he is using.3.the sameas与the samethat引导的定语从句在意义上的区别是：前者修饰的是与原物同样的；而后者修饰的就是先行词同样的东西。是比较：This is the same watch as I lost.这和我丢失的那一只表一样。（不是同一只）This is the same watch that I lost.这就是我丢失的那一只表。（同一只）注意事项：1.一般说来，除了用定语从句解释名词或泛指外，先行词前应有定冠词the。2.在限制性定语从句中which, whom, that充当宾语时，可以省略。而在非限制性定语从句中whom, who, which 不能省略。3.在含有非限制性定语从句的复合句中从句与主句之间应该用逗号隔开。4.定语从句与同位语从句的区别。首先看引导从句的关系词that是否在从句中充当句子成分。如果在从句中充当主、宾、表，则是定语从句。再看that前的名词是否是一些需要有内容的名词，如：idea, fact, thought, news等。后面的从句是说明其内容的，（这个名词在后面的从句中部充当任何成分），这个从句则是同位语从句。He expressed the hope that he has had for many years.hope在从句中不充当句子成分，又加上后面从句是说明hope的内容的，因此时同位语从句。5.the reason why(=for which)是由why或for which引导的定语从句。而the reason that也是that引导的定语从句。that往往省略。This is the reason why he was late.=This is the reason (that)he was late.6.当主句中有who, which时，而定语从句中也要用到who或which时，为了避免whowho, whichwhich等重叠，定语从句用that引导。Who is the man that is standing by the door?Which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk?7.先行词为人和物作并列成分时，定语从句用that引导。John and his dog that were here a moment ago disappear now.8.不论人或物在定语从句中作表语时，用that引导定语从句，而that通常省掉。He is no longer the man that he was.9.“one of可数名词复数”引导的定语从句中,谓语动词应用复数；而“one of可数名词复数”前有the，only或the only修饰，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数。He is one of the students who study very hard at school.He is the(only/the only) one of the students who studies very hard at school. 定语从句练习一 The Attributive Clause1.We should learn from those_are always ready to help others.A.who B.whom C.they D.that2.Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who_in China.A.works B.is working C.are working D.has been working3.Tom is the only one of the students who_to Shanghai.A.have gone B.have been C.has been D.had gone4.I,_your good friend,will try my best to help you out.A.who is B.who am C.that is D.which am5.The old man has two sons,_are lawyers.A.both of them B.both of who C.both of whom D.both of they6.He is a man of great knowledge,_much can be learned.A.in whom B.about whom C.from whom D.of whom7.Do you know the man_just now?A.to who I nodded B.I nodded to C.whom I nodded D.Whom I nodded to him.8.The man_has gone to Japan.A.whom I told you B.that I told you C.whom I told you about him D.I told you about9.Please pass me the dictionary_cover is black.A.which B.its C.whose D.which of10.The radio set_last week has been out of order.A.I bought B.I bought it C.which I bought it D.what I bought11.All the apples_fell down from the tree were eaten op by the pigs.A.which B./ C.that D.they12.I can tell you_he told me last week.A.all which B.all what C.that all D.all that13.This is the biggest lab_we have ever built in our university.A.which B.what C.that D.where14.Is oxygen the only gas_helps fire burn?A.that B./ C.which D.what15.Air,_we breathe every day,is around us all the time.A.that B./ C.which D.it16.This is the museum_we saw an exhibition the other day.A.that B.which C.where D.in that17.This museum is_you visited the other day.A.that B.which C.where D.the one18.This is the museum _you saw the other day.A.that B.where C.in which D.in that 19.It is the third time_late this month.A.that you arrived B.when you arrived C.that youve arrived D.when youve arrived20.It was in 1969_the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.A.that B.which C.in which D.when21.We often think of the days_we spent together on the island.A.when B.which C.in which D.during which22.Have you ever been to Shanghai,_I left ten years ago?A.where B.which C.that D.when 23.He has left Beijing,_a meeting is to be held.A.when B.where C.as D.which24.This is the very place_Im wishing to live in.A.where B.which C.that D.in which25.Is it in that factory_”Red Flag” cars are made?A.in which B.where C.that D.which26.I have bought the same dress_she is wearing.A.as B.that C.which Dthan27.Can you solve such problems_raised by the audience?A.what were B.as were C.that were D.which were28.The reason_he didnt come was_he was injured.A.that,because B.why,that C.why,because D.that,that29.He must be from Africa,_can be seen from his skin.A.that B.as C.it D.what30.His father died last year,_made it impossible for him to go abroad.A.when B.which C.as D.that31._is natural,he married Mary.A.It B.What C.Which D.As32.The buses,_were already full,were surrounded by an angry crowd.A.most of them B.most of which C.which most D.that most33.All_is needed is a supply of oil.A.the thing B.that C.what D.which34.He paid the boy 10 dollars for washing ten windows,most of_had not been cleaned for years.A.these B.those C.that D.which35.She heard a terrible noise,_brought her heart into her mouth.A.it B.which C.this D.that36.In the dark street,there wasnt a single person_she could turn for help.A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom37.This is one of the means_the electic energy is conducted from one place to another.A.by which B.by that C.through which D.through that38.The place_you are going to visit is the ruin of a place.A.in which B.at which C.where D.which39.The last river_they crossed is two miles wide.A.where B.which C.that D.in which40.The Summer Palace is one of the most beautiful parks_built in the Qing Dynasty.A.where were B.where was C.that were D.which was41.The factory_I am going to is the place_my mother used to work many years ago.A.where,where B.where, which C.which,where D.that,which42.Dont trust such men_overpraise you to your face.A.as B.that C.who D.which43.The professor has two sons,_are teaching in the same university.A.neither of them B.either of them C.both of them D.both of whom44.Dont do such things_you are not sure about.A.that B.which C.as D.what45.Rober is good at language,_we all know.A.because B.for C.as D.since46.China has hundreds of islands,_we all know.A.in which B.at which C.of which D.which47.She wrote a letter to her father,_she made her secret known.A.which B.that C.in which D.where48.Oxygen is a kind of gas,_we couldnt live.A.without it B.without that C.without which D.if not49.Matter is anything_A.that take up space and have weight B.which take up space and have weightC.that takes up space and has weight D.those take up space and have weight50.I have many books,the best_was borrowed by Mary.A.about them B.of which C.among them D.in which 51.She showed me the dictionary_she paid a lot of money.A.by which B.to which C.for which D.on which 52.Abraham Lincoln is a man_I have the greatest respect.A.who B.to whom C.whom D.for whom53.Edison had one suit_very little money,and which he wore until it was thin.A.which cost B.which costs C.which was cost D.which has costed54.The people_in the paper did not like it,but other reader liked it very much.A.who was written B.who were written C.who were written about D.whom were written about55.Finally,the thief handed everything_he had stolen to the police.A.which B.what C.whatever D.that56.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone_family was poor.A.of whom B.whom C.of whose D.whose57.Mayor will make an inspection of our school on Monday,_you can tell him how hard the situation we are in.A.where B.which C.when D.that58.Ill show you the magazine_I bought the other day.A.who B.that C.what D.where59.The person_talking to the shop assistant is an engineer.A.who is B.what is C.whom is D.who you are60.That is the office_Lincoln once worked in.A.where B.which C.what D.in which 61.The girl_aunt is a famous singer is fond of music.A.who B.whom C.that D.whose62.The skirt is Anns_color is blue.A.its B.whose C.whos D.that 63.The washing machine_last Wednesday works well.A.I bought B.I bought it C.which I buy D.that I bought it64.The college students asked the soldier everything_he saw at the front.A.that B.which C.what D.all what65.Last year we visited the Summer Palace,_is one of the most beautiful places in Beijing.A.where B.which C.in which D.that66.Shanghai is the very place_the foreigners are eager to visit.A.where B.in which C.that D.whose67.The doctor_is going to Europe next year.A.which the manager is talking to B.who the manager is talking C.the manager is talking to him D.the manager is talking to68.Do you have anything _I can do for you?A.which B.what C.else D.when69.All_you must do now is to lend us ten dollars,we havent brought any money with us at the moment.A.that B.what C.which D.things70.Those are model workers, some_are young fellows.A.of that B.of whom C.of who D.of whose71.The Science Building is very beautiful,behind_there is an orchard.A.which B.what C.this D.these72.Joan is one of the best writers who_published a lot of books.A.has B.have C.have been D.are73.When they met again,the two friends talked about lots of things and persons _we could remember in the school.A.who B.whom C.that D.which74.He is_everyone respects.A.the person B.the one which C.whom D.who75.This is the modern hotel_the guests can enjoy the most comfortable things.A.where B.which C.that D.in that76.July 27,1989 is the day_I will never forget,when we had a wonderful time.A.on which B.when C.whom D.that77.Both of them will remember the months and the years_they spent in the army.A.which B.when C.in which D.what78.It is the factory_produces all kinds of TV sets.A.in which B.which C.what D.where79.The sun is bigger than the earth,_even a child knows.A.that B.who C.as D.what 80.Miss Zhang devoted herself to the development of education,_led to her final success.A.that B.which C.so that D.so 81.Everything_should be_be done right now.A.that,done must B.that,must done C.which,done should D.that,should do82.Is that the lab_we did physics experiments in during our middle school days.A.that B.where C.which D.the one83.Is the lab_the foreigners visited yesterday?A.that B.where C.in which D.the one84.I have the same book _you bought just now.A.which B.that C.as D.whose85.Id like to borrow_typewriter as was used yesterday.A.as B.the same C.the other D.same86.I,_one of the sports-lovers,often spend some time on training in the stadium.A.who am B.who is C.that am D.whom is87.Lets discuss_questions_are about the future of the youth.A.so,as B.as,that C.such,that D.such,as88.The man_talkied to you just now is an engineer.A.who B.whose C.which D.what89.In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions_were asked in French.A.where B.who C.in which D.which 90.Finally,the thief handed everything_he had stolen to the people.A.which B.what C.whatever D.that91.I can still remember the sitting-room_my mother and I used to sit in the evening.A.which B.what C.that D.where92.He didnt know which room_.A.they lived B.they lived in C.did they live D.did they live in93.Is this the house_he was born?A.at where B.which C.in which D.at which 94.A child_parents are dead is called a