IETA关于碳交易

概况概况 IETA 排放交易研讨会 将于 2012 年 4 月 25 日至 25 日于北京举行 届时 IETA 会员中的龙头企业将与来 自中国主导产业 包括电力 石油天然气 水泥 钢铁和金融等其他产业 的高管和技术人员进行互动讨 论和经验分享 会议将介绍欧洲工业如何在欧盟排放交易体系 EU ETS 及其他排放交易体系 ETS 下运行 旨在帮助中国产业建立相似的管理方案 会议也将为中国企业与 IETA 成员提供交流和合作的机 会 不同于以往政府间的发展合作 此次研讨会目的在于从行业角度帮助中国企业更好的了解即将启动的 ETS 系统并做好准备 IETA 排放交易研讨会组织者为 IETA 并由 IETA 在中国和台湾地区的工作组成员提供赞助 本次会议既是一场高层会议也是一场技术会议 会议的高端部分包括了由澳大利亚的气候变化及能效部部 长 Greg Combet 欧洲国家驻华大使 以及来自中国证券监督管理委员会和国务院国资委的高级官员出 席的圆桌讨论 本次会议将在中立环境下进行 会场设在北京普华永道会议中心 并且遵循查塔姆宫规则 会议成果会议成果 讨论了 EU ETS 以及英国和澳大利亚的排放交易体系 并由澳大利亚的气候变化及能效部部长 Greg Combet 出席欢迎会 就竞争机制相关问题进行了讨论 认为交易试点方案非常需要咨询企业意见以便为企业所用 了解了北京试点方案的进展情况 讨论了 CCS 技术在中国 ETS 机制中的可用性以及可行性 会议总结 会议总结 中国中国 ETS 机制的机制的 10 个关键点个关键点 1 中国建立交易试点机制的过程中的外国参与将十分有限 2 对加利福尼亚 新西兰 澳大利亚以及欧盟等地的 ETS 机制中的经验总结应当加以参考和运用 3 中国的企业可以像 BP 及其他公司在英国 ETS 出台之前一样建立内部的排放交易机制 在 90 年 代末 BP 当时的 CEO 预见到 ETS 的发展趋势 率先在全球各个分支中间建立了内部模拟交易体 系 这一举措为 BP 和英国政府提供了排放交易系统的实际经验 如中国企业中间能够有这样一 个先行者的话 将会成为真正的碳市场实践经验而不仅仅是在书面的学习 4 国外的行为者如果想要参与中国 ETS 机制 就需要向中国国家发改委及其他政府部门表明其具有 在中国市场运行的能力和经验 5 北京并没有一个管理者对中国的 ETS 有明确的计划 地方政府将要并确实会进行试验性的工作 6 政府不应当在试点机制中排除排放限额与交易以外的政策工具 7 确保不同地方试点之间以及试点和最终的全国 ETS 机制中的每吨碳的计量相一致 将会是一个主 要的难点 8 一直以来中国的企业对于政府决策并没有许多关注和问题 而是简单的遵照执行 基于地方时点 的围观范围特征 IETA 应当更好的致力于了解宏观的政策管理环境 如何对试点进行充分的评估 以便将其发展为全国范围内运行的机制 对于试点的评估将会影响碳交易如何在全国范围内进行 9 由于欧盟 澳大利亚 加拿大 加利福尼亚等 ETS 机制之间存在重要的差别 要从他们中间找出 共性用于发展中国的 ETS 将十分具有挑战性 中国的政策制定者需要从不同国家和地区的碳市场 政策中间进行选择 尽管这些国家和地区在政治 经济和文化上存在相似性 由此可以看出排放 交易是一个复杂的系统 在中国发展这样一个系统将会不同于世界任何其他地区已经存在的先例 10 IETA 了解 ETS 加拿大 加利福尼亚以及澳大利亚等地是如何建立的 但并不了解在中国将会如何进 展 目前我们所能做的是将这些不同的系统介绍给中国政府以及企业 以便他们来衡量中国的 ETS 应当 如何进行 IETA 认为在中国发展认为在中国发展 ETS 过程中对以下问题仍需要进行大量的工作过程中对以下问题仍需要进行大量的工作 额度的分配 有效的惩罚措施 价格控制 除现货交易外 期货交易 有效的监督机制 试点的持续时间 太短将不足以提供真正的经验教训以及对市场进行试验 排放限额的范围 Overview The IETA Emissions Trading Workshop held from 24 25 April 2012 in Beijing brought together leading companies from IETA s membership to facilitate and lead interactive discussions and tutorials with executives and technical staffs from China s leading industries power oil gas cement iron steel finance and other industries to guide them on how industry has navigated through the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme EU ETS and other emissions trading schemes ETS with the intention to help these industries prepare for a similar regulatory scheme in China It was also be an opportunity to meet with and exchange ideas between Chinese industry and IETA members The intention of the workshop is to aid Chinese industries understanding and preparation for an upcoming ETS as most of the development assistance for China s pilot schemes is focused on government to government support This IETA Emissions Trading Workshop and future Workshops are organized by the IETA Secretariat and IETA s China and Taiwan Working Group Members This was both a high level and technical meeting The high level segment featured a roundtable with the Australian Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency Greg Combet Ambassadors from European governments and officials from the China Securities Regulatory Commission CSRC and the State Owned Assets Supervision and Administration Corporation SASAC The workshop was held in a neutral meeting space the conference facilities of PriceWaterhouseCoopers in downtown Beijing under Chatham house rules Workshop outcomes Overall structure of the EU ETS UK Australian scheme with Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency Greg Combet attending an evening reception Addressed issues of competitiveness Strong need to consult industry so that proposals by pilots could be used by industry Learned about the developments of Beijing s pilots Addressed the availability and inclusion of CCS in a Chinese ETS At the end of the workshop 10 key points about a Chinese emissions trading scheme were identified There will be limited foreign involvement in the establishment of China s pilot emissions trading schemes The lessons learned from California New Zealand Australia and the EU should be translated and applied in a Chinese context A Chinese company could develop its own internal emissions trading scheme like BP and others did prior to the launch of the UK ETS BP was a pioneer in the UK ETS in the late 1990 s after its CEO at the time had the vision to develop an internal trading scheme across all of BP s international companies This gave BP and the UK government a practical experience in emissions trading If a Chinese company were to pioneer this as BP did it would also provide a real learning experience rather than continuing to study the carbon market on paper If foreign entities want to participate in China s emissions trading scheme they need to show the NDRC and other government agencies that they have the credibility and experience to do operate in that market There is no master administrator in Beijing who has the plans for emissions trading in China the local government does and will do all the experimental work The government shouldn t exclude non cap and trade policy tools for the pilot schemes in China Ensuring a tonne is a tonne between different pilots and eventually between the local pilots and a national scheme will be a real challenge Historically industry in China doesn t ask many questions about policy it just takes notes and plans IETA should try to understand the Chinese regulatory context better as the pilots are at a micro scale How do you evaluate the pilots in a sufficient way so that the pilots can then move towards a national scheme The ways in which the pilots are evaluated will influence how carbon trading is done at a national level Hard to find a common thread on how to put together an ETS from different examples in the EU Australia Canada California will be a major challenge for China considering how diverse those systems are Policymakers in China are troubled to pick and choose from different carbon policy options amongst jurisdictions that are quite politically economically and culturally similar This proves the point that emissions trading is a complex system and any emissions trading system in China will be quite different t