宾语从句的精讲精练

中学英语宾语从句语法讲解 宾语从句歌诀 宾语从句三姊妹 that if whether wh how 展风采 展风采有三关 引导词 语序 时态在把关 主从时态要一致 陈述语序永不变 陈述请你选 that 疑问需用 if whether 连 特殊问句作宾从 原来问词不用换 三关过后莫得意 人称 标点需注意 留意变脸的 if when 从句的简化记心间 歌诀解码 一 三姊妹 宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型 1 由 that 引导的宾语从句 如 We knew that we should learn from each other 2 由 if whether 引导的宾语从句 如 Please tell me if whether you have been to America 3 由 who where how 等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句 如 Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office 二 三关 1 引导词关 如果从句是陈述句 引导词用 that that 在口语或非正式文体中常省略 如果从 句是一般疑问句 引导词用 if whether 如果从句是特殊疑问句 引导词用由疑问词转 换而来的疑问代词 副词 2 语序关 陈述句变为宾语从句 语序不变 即仍用陈述语序 如 He is an honest boy The teacher said The teacher said that he was an honest boy 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句 语序变为陈述语序 如 Does he work hard I wonder I wonder if whether he works hard When did he leave I don t know I don t know when he left 3 时态关 如果主句是现在的时态 从句的时态可根据实际情况而定 如 I have heard that he will come back next week 如果主句是过去的某种时态 那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态 如 He said that there were no classes yesterday 注意 如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理 自然现象等时 不管主句是什么时态 从句都要用一般现在时 如 He said that light travels much faster than sound 三 人称的变化和标点的使用 1 从句的主语如果是第一人称 变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致 如果是第二 人称 则与主句的宾语一致 如果是第三人称 不用变化 如 May I use your knife He asked me He asked me if he might use my knife Do you know her telephone number He asked me He asked me if I know her telephone number 2 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定 主句是陈述句 用句号 主句是疑问句 用问 号 如 Who will give us a talk I don t know I don t know who will give us a talk Do you know Where does he live Do you know where he lives 四 两副面孔 if 和 when 既能引导时间状语从句 又能引导宾语从句 因此 遇到它们就要认真 分析一下 它们究竟属于 两副面孔 的哪一副 如 If it rains tomorrow I won t come 时间状语从句 I don t know if it will rain tomorrow 宾语从句 五 从句的简化 1 当主句谓语动词是 find see watch hear 等感官动词时 从句常简化为 宾语 宾补 结构 宾补为不带 to 的不定式或 V ing 形式 如 She found that the wallet lay was lying on the ground She found the wallet lie lying on the ground 2 当主句谓语动词是 hope wish decide forget plan agree 等 且主句主语与 从句主语相同时 从句可简化为不定式结构 如 She agreed that she could help me with my maths She agreed to help me with my maths 3 在连接代词 副词引导的宾语从句中 当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时 宾语从句可简化为 连接代词 副词 不定式 结构 如 Can you tell me how I can get to the station Can you tell me how to get to the station 宾语从句专项练习 一 将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句 1 These flowers are from Guangdong He said He said these flowers from Guangdong 2 Light travels faster than sound My teacher told me My teacher told me light faster than sound 3 There will be a meeting in five days Jack didn t know Jack didn t know there a meeting in five days 4 Can they speak French I want to know I want to know French 5 Are the children playing games Tell me Tell me the children games 6 Have you finished your homework yet Mr Zhao asked Ma Gang Mr Zhao asked Ma Gang homework yet 7 How many people can you see in the picture Who knows Who knows in the picture 8 Where did she park her car Do you know Do you know her car 9 What does he often talk about The girl wondered The girl wondered often about 10 Who knocked at the door so loudly I don t know I don t know at the door so loudly 11 Does he still live in that street I don t know I don t know he still in that street 12 What s his name I asked him I asked him what 13 When does the train arrive Please tell me Please tell me 14 Do they want fried chicken He asked the boys He asked the boys they fried chicken 15 Was the watch made in Shanghai I don t know I don t know the watch made in Shanghai 二 选择填空 1 What did Mike say He said A if you are free the next week B what colour was it C the weather is fine D summer comes after spring 2 Tom asked my friend A where was he from B that the earth is bigger than the moon C when did he come back D not to be so angry 3 Let me tell you A how much is the car B how much does the car cost C how much did I pay for the car D how much I spent on the car 4 Peter knew A whether he has finished reading the book B why the boy had so many questions C there were 12 months in a year D when they will leave for Paris 5 Could you tell me A where do you live B who you are waiting for C who were you waiting for D where you live in 6 I can t understand the boy alone A why she left B why did she leave C why she had left D why had she left 7 She told me the sun in the east A rise B rose C rises D had risen 8 I don t know up so early last Sunday A why did he get B why he gets C why does he get D why he got 9 The manager came up to see A what was the matter B what the matter was C what the matter is D what s the matter 10 He asked his father A where it happens B where did it happen C how it happened D how did it happen 11 No one tells us so we need your help A how we should do B what should we do C how to do it D what to do it 12 Could you please teach me the computer A how check B to check C how to check D to how checking 13 They don t know their parents are A that B what C why D which 14 Where do you think he the TV set Sorry I ve no idea A bought B has bought C did buy D did bought 15 Our homework has changed a lot Who can tell it would be like in five years A how another B what more C how other D what another 16 Could you tell me Yes He to the USA A where is he has been B where he is has gone C where was he has been D where he was has gone 17 Mike wants to know if a picnic tomorrow Yes But if it we ll visit the museum instead A you have will rain B you will have will rain C you will have rains D will you have rains 18 I really don t know if she it when she A finds arrives B finds will arrive C will find will arrive D will find arrives 19 Miss Liu said she would leave the message on the headmaster s desk A that B where C which D what 20 He asked me A who will kick the first goal in the World Cup B when was the APEC meeting held C when China became a member of the WTO D where the 2008 Olympics will be held 21 In the bookshop a reader asked the shopkeeper Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book A that B how C what D if 22 You must remember A what your teacher said B what did your teacher say C your teacher said what D what has your teacher said 23 I don t know A which room I can live B which room can I live C which room I can live in D which room can I live in 24 Do you know when he back Sorry I don t When he back I ll tell you A comes comes B comes will come C will come comes D will come will come 25 The girls asked if they some food and drink with them A took B take C takes D will take 26 Mary said that she to Guangzhou A has never gone B had never gone C has never been D had never been 27 The students want to know whether they a PE class today A had B has C will have D are 28 Can you tell me you were born Betty A who B what C when D that 29 I don t know they have passed the exam A what B if C when D where 30 Do you know they listened to yesterday evening A what B when C why D how 三 用合适的连接词填空 1 Jim told me he didn t go fishing yesterday afternoon how why 2 Do you know else is going to be on duty today who whom 3 She said it wouldn t matter much that if 4 He always thinks he can do better how who 5 I really don t know the bridge will be finished how long how soon 6 They don t know to go or wait if whether 7 We are talking about we ll go back tomorrow whether if 8 I was really surprised at I saw where what 9 I don t know so many people are looking at him how why 10 Do you know you are studying for why what 四 句型转换 1 Do you want to try it Tom s mother asked him 同义句 Tom s mother asked him to try it 2 I think this is a good idea 改为否定句 I this a good idea 3 Lucy hasn t decided which trousers to buy 改为复合句 Lucy hasn t decided buy 4 I don t know how I can get to the hospital 改为简单句 I don t know to the hospital 5 I don t suppose they will come 改为反意疑问句 五 用所给动词的正确形式填空 1 We are sure that he go to school tomorrow 2 Do you know who be the first man to walk on the moon 3 Could you tell me where the post office is 4 Our father said that he will buy a new computer 5 I hear that he swim in th