九年级英语全册Unit4Whatwouldyoudo快乐学案（无答案）人教新目标版

1 UnitUnit 4 4 WhatWhat wouldwould youyou dodo 快乐学案快乐学案 概念 1 定语从句 在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句 定语从句一般紧接在先行词 antecedent 后面 2 先行词 被定语从句修饰的成份 先行词可以为一个词 短语 或整个主句 3 引导定语从句的词叫关系词 分为关系代词和关系副词 关系词的作用 1 引导定语从句 连接主句和从句 相当于一个连词 2 必在从句中作某个句子成份 可以做主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 常用的关系代词 that 在从句中作主语 宾语 表语 可指人或物 which 在从句中作主语 宾语 表语或定语 只可指物 who 主格 在从句中作主语 在口语或非正式用法中作宾语 只可指人 whom 宾格 在从句中作宾语 只可指人 whose 属格 在从句中作定语 可指人或物 as 在从句 中作主语 宾语 表语 可指人或物 通常指代事 but 文语 置于否定词之后 that who not 没 有 不 在从句中作主语 宾语 常用的关系副词 在从句中只作状语 when 时间状语 why 原因状语 where 地点状语 how 方式状语 4 句子成分 主语 谓语动词前 宾语 介宾或及物动词的宾语 表语 be 动词后或系动词后 状语 时间状语 地点状语 原因状语 etc 例如 2 1 The student who answered the question was John Who 做关系代词引导定语从句 修饰先行词 student who 在从句中用作主语 2 I know the reason why he was so angry Why 做关系副词 修饰先行词 reason why 在从句中作原因 状语 3 The boy whom you are talking to is my brother Whom 做关系代词 修饰先行词 boy whom 在从句 中作宾语 4 I d like a room whose window looks out over the sea Whose 做关系代词 修饰先行词 room whose 在从句中用作定语 可代之以 of which 定语从句三步 第一找出先行词 第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能 做主语 宾语或状语 第三选择合适的关系词 几个关系代词的基本用法 一 that 可指人或物 在定语从句中作主语 宾语 表语 指人时 相当于 who 或 whom 指物时 相当 于 which 一般不用于非限制性定语从句 不可置于介词后作宾语 如 1 A letter that which is written in pencil is difficult to read 主语 2 Do you know the gentleman that who spoke just now 3 You can take anything that you like 宾语 4 What is the question that which they are talking about 5 Here is the man who whom that you want to see 6 She s no longer the girl that she used to be before 表语 7 Our hometown is no longer the one that it used to be Our hometown is not the same as it 3 used to be Our hometown is different from what it used to be Our hometown is not what it used to be 二 which 指物 在定语从句中作主语 宾语 表语 定语 如 1 The book which that was on the desk was bought by my father 主语 2 The book which that I bought yesterday is very interesting 宾语 3 The factory in which his father works is far from here 4 He was proud which his brother never was 表语 5 Tom spent four years in college during which time he learned French 定语 6 He may be late in which case we ought to wait for him 三 who whom whose who 主格 在从句中作主语 在口语或非正式用法中作宾语 只可指人 whom 宾格 在从句中作宾语 只可指人 whose 属格 在从句中作定语 可指人也可指物 1 I like the students who that work hard 主语 2 All who heard the story were amazed 代词如 he they any those all one 等后多用 who 3 Chaplin for whom life had once been very hard was a success as an actor 宾语 4 He s a man from whom we should learn He s a man whom who that we should learn from 比较 He is the student whom you think to be worthy of your praise He is the student who you think is worth praising 5 A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan 指人 I d like a room whose window faces south 指物 I d like a room of which the window faces south I d like a room the window of which faces south 4 There is a teapot shaped like a Chinese duck out of whose mouth tea is supposed to come 关系代词作介词宾语 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时 介词可放于从句之首 也可放于从句之末 但以放于句首较为正式 介词前置 必须注意不影响动词词组的含义 关系代词 who 和 that 用作介词宾语时 介词必须放在句 末 如 1 This is the book for which you asked This is the book that which you asked for 2 Do you know the person with whom I shook hands Do you know the person whom who that I shook hands with 3 The beginning of agriculture was a big step in human progress with which nothing could compare until our information age 4 In the dark street there wasn t a single person to whom she could turn for help Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week 5 This is the girl whom they are looking after 介词 after 与 look 构成固定词组 不可前置 再如 look at look for look after take care of 等 四 as 的用法 as 引导定语从句 在定语从句中作主语 宾语 表语 1 如为限制性的 多用于 the same as the same as such as as many much as so as 等 结构中 如 1 I have the same book as you have 我有一本和你的一样的书 Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been 关系代词 as和指示代词 same 连用 在从句中用作表语 先行词是 same 5 2 Why didn t you mention that in face of the police just now I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests Don t do such things as you are not sure about There is no such place as you dream of in all this world 比较 I live in the same house that he used to live in I m wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday 比较 Here is so big a stone as no one can lift 定语从句 Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it 结果状语从句 2 如为非限制性的 多单独引导一个定语从句 这种定语从句可置于句首 句中或句尾 译为 正如 这 一点 动词常为 know see expect point out etc 1 As we all know smoking is harmful to one s health as 作宾语 As is known to all smoking is harmful to one s health as 作主语 It s known to all that smoking is harmful to one s health 或 Smoking is harmful to one s health as we all know as 作宾语 或 Smoking as we all know is harmful to one health 2 He was a foreigner as I knew from his accent 宾语 先行词是前面整个句子 五 but 的用法 but 用作关系代词 其意思相当于 who that not 没有 不 如 1 There is not one of us but wishes to help you 2 There is no tree but bears some fruit 3 There are very few but admire his talents 6 关系副词引导的定语从句 When 指时间 在定语从句中作时间状语 其先行词是表时间的名词 如 time day week tear month etc 1 He came last night when I was out 2 We will put off the picnic until next week when the weather would be better 注意 先行词为 时间名词 可用 when 引导定语从句 when 在定语从句中作状语 还可以用 which 或 that 引导 which 或 that 在从句中作主语或宾语 比较 1 I still remember the day when on which my brother joined the army 作状语 Next month when you will be in your hometown is just around the corner 2 I still remember the days which that we spent together 作宾语 Next winter which that you ll spend in Harbin I m sure will be exciting 3 I shall never forget the day when Shen Zhou was launched which has a great effect on my life There are occasions when joking is not permissible Where 指地点 在定语从句中作地点状语 其先行词是表示地点的名词 如 place school factory room etc 如 1 This is the place where I was born 2 I live in the room where in which he used to live 注意 先行词是 地点名词 定语从句可用 where 引导 还可用 which 或 that 引导 which that 在从句中 作主语或宾语 比较 1 This is the factory where in which he worked last year 作状语 The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctly 7 and safely I think you have got to the point where a change is needed or you would fail Government reports legal papers and most business letters are the main situations where English is used He s got himself into a dangerous situation where he s likely to lose control of the plane The small mountain village where we spent our holiday last month lies in what the place which is now part of Hubei 2 This is the park which that they visited last year 作宾语 Not having been there before he simply had no idea about the place which everyone says is worth visiting Why 指原因 在定语从句中作原因状语 先行词为 reason 时 可用 for which 指代 当关系词在从句中作 主语或宾语时 则用 which 或 that 引导 如 1 The reason why for which that he didn t attend the meeting was that he was ill 作状 语 2 I don t believe the reason that which he gave me 作宾语 Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success 作主语 Ex He was late That s because he got up late He got up late That s why he was late 表语从句 the reason why for which he was late 定语从句 当先行词为 way 时 定语从句常用 that in which 或 how 引导 that 常可以省略 way 后的定语从句 的引导词不用时较多 但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语 时 则用 which 或 that 引导 如 8 1 This is the way that in which I do such things 比较 Please do the experiment in the way that which I have shown you 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 1 形式上 非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开 2 语法上 非限制性定语从句一般不用 that 3 语义上 限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密 起限定作用 如果去掉了这个定语从句 整个句子就不完 整或者会改变意思 而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密 对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用 1 This is the book I like best 这就是我最喜欢的那本书 2 Beijing which has been China s capital for more than 800 years is rich in cultural and historic relics 北京是中国八百年之久的古都 它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产 4 翻译时 限制性定语从句可译为一句 较短的一般译为 的 字结构 而非限制性定语从句可译为两句 见上句翻译 比较 He has a sister who is a musician He has a sister who is a musician 引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词 指人时用 who whom whose 指物时用 which whose 关系副词 when where why etc 1 He studied hard at school when he was young which leads to his success in his later life 2 Tom s father who arrived just now is a famous scientist 3 They set up a separate state of their own where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves 4 He was proud which his brother never was 几个易混淆的关系代词的比较 9 A that which 在定语从句中 which 和 that 在指代事物时 一般可以互换使用 但并非在任何情况下都是这样 这里介 绍宜用 that 而不宜用 which 的情况 1 先行词为不定代词 如 all much something everything anything nothing none the one 等 如 1 We should do all that is useful to the people 2 There s nothing that can be said about it 3 Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday 2 先行词被 only any few little no just very one of 等词修饰时 如 1 The only thing that we could do was to wait 2 That s the very word that is wrongly used 3 The last place that we visited was the chemical works 4 You can take any whichever seat that is free 5 I hope the little that I can will be of some help to them 6 比较 This is one of the best novels that were published last year This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year 3 先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时 如 1 When we talk about Wuxi the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake 2 This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term 4 先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时 如 1 This is the best that can be done now 2 The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on 10 5 先行词既有人又有物 用 which 和 who 都不适合 这时宜用 that 如 1 The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known 2 The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police 6 被修饰词为数词时 如 1 Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water Now you can see the two that are still alive 7 如果有两个从句 其中一个关系代词已用 which 另一个关系代词宜用 that 以避免语言的单调或重复 如 1 Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before 8 疑问词是 who 或 which 关系代词宜用 that 以避免重复 如 1 Which is the book that you like best 2 Who is the man that is standing at the gate 9 主句是 There be 结构 修饰其主句的定语从句宜用 that 作关系代词 如 1 There is still a seat in the corner that is still free 10 被修饰成分为表语时 或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时 该关系代词宜用 that 如 1 That s a good book that will help you a lot 2 My home village is no longer the place that it used to be 定语从句中宜用 which 而不宜用 that 的情况 1 当关系代词的前面有介词时 如 1 A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition 2 Is this the room in which Mr White lives 2 在非限制性定语从句中 如 11 1 Crusoe s dog which was are now very old became ill and died 2 More and more people are beginning to learn English which is becoming very popular in our country which 指代主句 3 在一个句子中有两个定语从句 其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了 that 另一个宜用 which 如 1 Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us 2 At the station I bought some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the train and which I could pass on to others