省略现象的英语高考试题

对省略现象的考查已成为近年来英语高考试题中的常考点 因为省略这种语法手段既可避免重复 突 出新 的信息 又能使上下文更紧密地连接起来 这也正符合现代生活快节奏的需要 因此 在英语口语 中 只要不 损害结构和引起歧义 能省略的地方就尽可能省略 但有时省略的成分 在句中占有相当的份量 能表达一定的信息 这无疑就增加了试题的难度 因此 在解 题时 除了应特别注意进行语境分析 从上文或上 下文中找出相关的省略成份外 还要对常用的 省略知识有 所了解 从而做到有的放矢 找出解题的突破口 下面就该问题作一分析 一 复合句中的省略现象 复合句中的省略现象通常出现在状语从句中 一 在含有比较结构的复合句中 常在 as 或 than 引导的分句中省略某些与主句相同的成分或省略在 特定上 下文或特定情景中某些不言而喻的成分 或整个 as than 从句 如 1 The pianos in the other shop will be but MET90 A cheaper not as better B more cheap not as better C cheaper not as good D more cheap not as good 本题应选 C 分别为 cheaper than those in this shop 和 they are not as good as those in this s hop 的省略 2 John plays football if not better than David NMET94 A as well B as well as C so well D so well as 本题应选 B 根据上下文可看出 if not better than 为 if John doesn t play football better than David plays football 的省略 那么 排除这个条件的话 John 和 David 就踢得一样好了 故要用 副词 well 的同级比较的肯定式 3 How beautifully she sings I ve never heard NMET96 A the better voice B a good voice C the best voice D a better voice 本题应选 D 从整个语境来分析 后句中的比较状语从句 than hers 被省略掉了 故此题应选比较级 二 如果复合句中的时间 条件 原因状语从句用了主语 be 分词结构 且主 从句主语一致时 可省 略从句的连接词 主语和 be 助动词 只保留分词和其它成分 如 4 in thought he almost ran into the car in front of him NMET96 A Losing B Having lost C Lost D To lose 本题应选 C Lost in thought 为 As he was lost in thought 之省略 5 more attention the trees could have grown better MET90 A Given B To give C Giving D Having given 本题应选 A Given more attention 为 If they were given more attention 之省略 三 在含有定语从句的复合句中 如果定语从句用了进行时态或被动语态 且关系代词在从句中作主 语时 可省略关系代词和助动词 只保留分词或其它成分 如 6 The Olympic Games in 776 B C did not include women players until 1912 NMET97 A first playing B to be first played C first played D to be first playing 本题应选 C first played 为 which was first played 之省略 7 Do you know the boy under the big tree MET89 A lay B lain C laying D lying 本题应选 D lying 为 who is lying 之省略 8 Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa MET90 A invited B to invite C being invited D have been invited 本题应选 A invited 为 who were invited 之省略 9 The first textbooks for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 1 6th century A having written B to be written C being written D written NMET94 本题应选 D written 为 that were written 之省略 四 如复合句中从句的句尾和主句相重复的话 从句的句尾可省略掉 括号中的内容为省略掉的成分 如 10 Li Lei will play football if Mike will play football 11 Mary is going to sweep the floor because though Alice won t sweep the floor 五 在复合句中 如果两个并列的状语从句只是从属连词不同 其它相同时 则可省略一个状语从句 而 把两个从属连词连接起来 括号中的内容为省略的成分 如 12 They will be arriving either before the film begins or after the film begins 六 在含有宾语从句的复合句中 如有两个并列的 that 从句的主动词及随带成份 宾语 表语 状语 等 一样时 可将第二个 that 从句的主动词及随带成份省略 两个并列的 that 从句 如果主语相同 而谓语不同 可把第二个 that 从句的连词和主语一齐省略 两个并列的从句如连词不同而其它成份相同 可省略第一分句和 第二分句相同的部分 只把两个连词连接起来 括号内容为省略的成分 如 13 I know Mary will sing in the party but John won t sing in the party 14 Tell him that I ll call to see him and that I ll have supper with him 15 I don t know when he was born and where he was born 二 在回答一般疑问句的简略答语中 或回答用陈述句 祈使句表示要求 命令的简略答语中 常用 Yes No 主语 助动词 而省略主动词或其它成份 但助动词应和原句的助动词和时间概念须保持相 应的一致 或根据句意选择对特殊问句的答语时 常常省略和问句相重复的部分 只保留新信息部分 如 1 Alice why didn t you come yesterday I but I had an unexpected visitor NMET97 A had B would C was going to D did 本题选 C 据句意 是表示昨天打算要来 was going to 后省略了 come yesterday 2 Could I borrow your dictionary Yes of course you NMET92 A might B will C can D should 本题选 C could 在句中表示委婉语气 而不是过去时 答语中应用 can can 后省略了 borrow my dictionary 3 Don t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow NMET94 A I don t B I won t C I can t D I haven t 本题选 B 因祈使句含有未来的意味 再加上有 tomorrow 的限制 因而应用 I won t 回答 I won t 后省略 了 forget to go to your birthday party tomorrow 4 How long has this bookshop been in business 1982 NMET94 A After B In C From D Since 本题选 D 根据句意和结构 该题承前省略了主语 谓语 It has been in business 等 只保留 了新信 息 时间状语 部分 再由 How long 对时间段提问的限制 只能选 Since 三 在回答问句及其它形式的答语中 如有和上文重复的不定式时 在答语中只保留其不定式符号 to 而 把动词和其它部分省略 如 1 Would you like to come to dinner tonight I d like to I m too busy NMET94 A and B so C as D but 本题应选 D 据上文 下文中的 I d like to 后省略了 come to dinner tonight 这样很容易看出 逗号 前后信息相反 故选 but 2 I ll be away on a business trip Would you mind looking after my cat Not at all NMET95 A I ve no time B I d rather not C I d like it D I d be happy to 本题应选 D 据 Not at all 的限制 A B 不合题意 C 搭配错 因 d like 后应跟不定式 I d be happy to 后省略了 look after your cat 3 The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street but his mother told him NMET95 A not to B not to do C not do it D do not to 本题选 A not to 后省略了和上文相重复的 ride his bicycle in the street 四 英语中的反意疑问句 反意疑问句常用一个肯定的陈述句 再加上一个只保留助动词和主语的简 略问 句的否定形式 或一个否定的陈述句 再加上一个简略疑问句的肯定形式 而其它成分则被省略 祈使句的反 意问句形式 不管祈使句是肯定的还是否定的 除了在 Let s 后加简略的疑问句 shall we 外 其余的都在其 后加 will you 如 1 It s a fine day Let s go fishing A won t we B will we C don t we D shall we MET90 本题选 D 2 Be sure to write to us NMET93 A will you B aren t you C can you D mustn t you 本题选 A 五 在英语中 有一些特殊的省略结构 如 What How about Why not do 等实际上已形 成了习 惯用法 How What about 后只跟名词 代词或动名词 短语 Why not 后只接动词原形 如 1 How about the two of us a walk down the garden MET93 A to take B take C taking D to be taking 本题选 C 2 I usually go there by train Why not by boat for a change NMET92 A to try going B trying to go C to try and go D try going 本题选 D 六 和前文重复的助动词或重复的主要动词也可省略 括号部分为省略的成分 如 1 You could have come and you could have told me 2 Please clean the classroom and clean the reading room 七 和前文重复的冠词 物主代词 指示代词及其它的限定词 介词和连词等也可省略 括号内的内 容为 省略的成分 如 1 A man and a woman have just passed by 2 Please take good car