高考英语总复习阅读理解词义猜测题专题练习43套.doc

词义猜测题专练(一)词汇猜测类A2019湖北八校3月联考 The pumpkin (南瓜) theme is everywhere at Butlers Orchard in Germantown, Maryland. It has thousands of pumpkins, including a pumpkin patch where people can pick their own pumpkin. There are also other things to do, like riding a pony, rushing down a slide or walking around a corn maze with its confusing winding pathways. Some children discover the big orange fruits way more than they think. Visitors can pick their own in season fruits, vegetables and flowers. Butlers Orchard opened more than sixty years ago, as one of the first pick your own farms in the area. Ken Merriam brought his children. He says Butlers Orchard brings back good memories of growing up on a farm in Honduras. “Its a little bit of what I used to have as a kid, so thats why I think its nice to bring them over here. Get them out of the city.” Shirley Butlers grandchildren who are in their 30s are now the third generation to run the farm. General manager Tyler Butler says children who usually only see pumpkins in grocery stores can learn how pumpkins are grown.“I didnt know pumpkins came from a vine. There are flowers on this vine. There are roots.” These little girls are learning about pumpkins during their first trip to a pumpkin patch to feel the nature and the fruits. For Tristan Piazzas mother, the Fall Festival is an annual event. “My parents have always brought me. I bring my kid now. I hope he stays in the area and he can bring his kids.” Since family funds are hard to keep_afloat these days, Tyler Butler appreciates the tens of thousands of visitors who come to the Fall Festival each year.体裁：记叙文题材：日常活动主题：自助果园巩固了家庭的关系【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了Butler自助果园的一些活动项目和它对于他人的家庭所起到的独一无二的作用。【难句分析】It has thousands of pumpkins, including a pumpkin patch where people can pick their own pumpkin.分析：本句主句是It has thousands of pumpkins, 后面的介词短语作状语，状语中含有where引导的定语从句，其先行词为a pumpkin patch, where 在从句中作地点状语。译文：这个果园有数以千计的南瓜，包括一片南瓜地，在那里人们可以采摘他们自己的南瓜。1At Butlers Orchard, visitors can experience _.Apicking vegetables in personBgrowing vegetables by themselvesCtasting fruits off seasonDselling pumpkins online答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据第一段倒数第二句“Visitors can pick their own in season fruits, vegetables, and flowers”可知，游客可以在Butler果园里亲自采摘时令的水果、蔬菜和鲜花，故选A项。2Why did Ken Merriam take his children to the farm?AThey want to run it.BThey want to grow vegetables.CIt reminds him of his childhood.DIt provides them with fun activities.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第二段第二句“He says Butlers Orchard brings back good memories of growing up on a farm in Honduras”可知，他带孩子来这里是因为这里让他想起了他的童年，故选C项。3Which of the following best explains “keep afloat” underlined in the last paragraph?AGuarantee. BEarn.CExpand. DSpend.答案与解析：A考查词义猜测。根据对画线短语所在句的理解可知，本句是说果园的经营者对来果园参加节日活动的游客表示感激，因为这些日子果园的资金有些周转不开。由此可推知，画线短语和guarantee“保证”含义相近，故选A项。4Whats the main idea of the passage?AThe Fall Festival is an annual event.BPumpkins at Butlers Orchard are organic.CPick your own farms are increasingly popular.DButlers Orchard strengthens the bond of the family.答案与解析：D考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了Butler果园的一些活动项目和它在巩固他人家庭关系上发挥的作用，故D项最能概括文意。B2019山西太原五中阶段检测 The Arctic Circle the habitat of polar bears and decreasing sea ice at the top of the world hit 32 degrees Celsius last week. This was the temperature in Banak, Norway on July 30, though some Norwegian areas even reached a couple degrees warmer, according to the European Severe Weather Database. Banak sits atop northern Europe, over 350 miles above the bottom edge of the Arctic Circle. The Northern Hemisphere and Europe itself have been repeatedly scorched by both record and nearrecord temperatures this summer as a consequence of overall rising global temperatures. In the past 40 years, Earths climate has experienced an accelerated warming trend, which adds an extra level of background warming to hot spells making heatwaves more extreme, climate scientists have said. A photo of what appears to be Scandinavian folks taking a dip in a river while reindeer the coldadapted herbivores (食草动物) cooled off in the water beside them is perhaps the best example of just how hot it is in parts of the Arctic Circle right now. The “warm season” in Banak is short, lasting around three months, but the very warmest day of the year, around July 23, is usually around 62 degrees Fahrenheit (华氏度) about 30 degrees cooler than temperatures there now. Overall, temperatures in northern Europe are between 14 to 21 degrees Fahrenheit, 10 to 6 degrees Celsius above average. Alltime temperature records were set in both Norway and Finland on July 30, including 86 degrees Fahrenheit, 30 degrees Celsius, in Cape Verde, near Banak, though extreme or nearrecord temperatures blanketed the region. Persistent heat and dryness this summer have transformed normally green European countries into brown and yellow lands, and the continents extreme heat is expected to persist. Andrew Derocher, a professor at the University of Alberta who studies polar bears, said climate change is shrinking the ice bears usually hunt on, making them faced with the danger of extinction.体裁：说明文题材：环境与自然主题：气候变暖对北极圈及北极熊的影响【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，由于全球变暖的速度不断加快，作为北极熊栖息地的北极圈现在也面临着温度升高的状况。这样的环境变化对于北极熊的生存是很大的威胁。5Which of the following words can replace the underlined word “scorched” in Paragraph 3?ABurned. BAchieved. CScored. DReached.答案与解析：A考查词义猜测。根据第三段“The Northern Hemisphere and Europe itself have been repeatedly scorched by both record and nearrecord temperatures.”可知，今年夏天，由于全球气温总体上升，北半球和欧洲自身不断受到创纪录和接近创纪录气温的炙烤。因此，画线词的意思是“烧伤；烧焦”，故选A项。6What does the photo show according to the author?AScandinavian folks like to swim in a river.BReindeer have adapted to the cold climate.CThe ice there has totally been melted into water.DThe temperature of the Arctic Circle now is high.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第五段“A photo of what appears to be Scandinavian folks taking a dip in a river. is in parts of the Arctic Circle right now.”可知，喜冷的食草动物在水里凉快，证明了北极圈开始变热。因此，这张照片表明现在北极圈的温度很高，故选D项。7What can you learn from Professor Derochers words?AMaybe bears will die out in the near future.BClimate change is threatening polar bears.CHe is worried about the shrinking of the sea ice.DHe advises people to do something to improve the condition.答案与解析：B考查推理判断。根据最后一段“Andrew Derocher. said climate change is shrinking the ice bears usually hunt on, making them faced with the danger of extinction.”可知，气候变暖使得北极熊赖以生存的冰面减小，致使北极熊面临灭绝的危险。因此，从德罗彻教授的话中可以得知气候变化正威胁着北极熊(的生命安全)，故选B项。8Where may you find this article?AIn a fashion magazine. BIn a news report.CIn a geography textbook. DIn a travel handbook.答案与解析：B考查推理判断。根据第一段“The Arctic Circle the habitat of polar bears and decreasing sea ice at the top of the world hit 32 degrees Celsius last week.”可知，这篇文章是报道上周北极圈温度达到32摄氏度的新闻。因此，本文不可能出现在时尚杂志、地理教科书或旅游手册中，它最有可能出现在新闻报道中，故选B项。C2019山西六校第二次阶段性测试 Sleeping in a noisy room isnt only distracting (使人分心的), and it can also harm your health. Although researchers have known for decades that longterm loud noises can harm us, its only recently become recognized as a widespread issue. In a new review of previously published studies, researchers from Germany and Denmark took a look at the ways in which noises, such as an airplane passing by or jackhammer digging in the ground, can affect our hearts. Perhaps the most obvious impact of a loud sound while you are sleeping is that it can wake you up. But, even if you dont remember hearing the noise or you dont physically get out of bed, it can disrupt you in ways you may not realize. “Noise is not just causing annoyance, but it actually makes us sick，” said Dr. Thomas Mnzel, a professor at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz. “Regardless of where the sound is coming from, if it gets louder than 60 decibels (分贝), it can increase the risk of heart disease.” When our body hears these noises, it reacts with a stress reaction. In this case, these sudden and unexpected noises cause hormones (荷尔蒙) to speed up and eventually damage the heart. Although the chance that a single noise will affect you is unlikely, its the constant exposure to the sound that can eventually affect you. “But our heart health isnt the only cause for concern. Longterm noise may also raise the risk of type 2 diabetes, depression, and anxiety disorders，” he warns. In the future, Mnzel plans to examine how noises from cars, planes, and other vehicles affect the brain. But despite the amount or the depth of research he conducts, itll take the help of politicians to improve the impact of noise on our health. “Politicians have to take into account, in particular, the new findings，” Mnzel said. “With respect to aircraft noise and airports, it is important to make new laws and set new lower noise limits that protect people living close by the airport instead of the owners of the airport.”体裁：说明文题材：科学研究主题：噪声的危害【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了德国和丹麦的研究人员研究噪声对人们健康产生的影响，呼吁政治家们关注噪声污染并采取措施解决噪声污染。9What do researchers from Germany and Denmark find?ANoise does little harm to people who are asleep.BNoise can cause peoples memory to get worse sharply.CNoise has been a widespread concern for a long time.DNoise louder than 60 decibels may cause heart disease.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第三段最后一句“Regardless of where the sound is coming from, if it gets louder than 60 decibels (分贝), it can increase the risk of heart disease”可知，答案为D项。10Which word can replace the underlined word “disrupt” in paragraph 2?ADefeat. BHarm. CAffect. DDiscourage.答案与解析：B考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“But, even if you dont remember hearing the noise or you dont physically get out of bed, it can disrupt you in ways you may not realize”可知，但是，即使你忘记曾听到这样的噪声或者你并没有起床，噪声仍然以你察觉不到的方式对你造成伤害，故选B项。11What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?APoliticians should take action to handle noise pollution.BMnzel will continue other studies on brain diseases.CBenefits of airport owners are more important than health.DAttention should be paid to heart health and other diseases.答案与解析：A考查推理判断。根据最后一段“Politicians have to take into account, in particular, the new findings，Mnzel said.With respect to aircraft noise and airports, it is important to make new laws and set new lower noise limits that protect people living close by the airport instead of the owners of the airport.”可知，政治家们必须考虑到这些调查结果。至于飞机噪声和机场，重要的是制定新的法规和更低噪声的限度来保护机场附近的居民而不是保护机场所有者的利益，故答案为A项。12Which can be the best title for the text?AWho Is to Blame for Noise PollutionBWhat Should Be Done to Stop NoiseCHow Mnzel Carried Out His ResearchDHow Noise Pollution Harms Our Body答案与解析：D考查标题判断。本文着重讲述了德国和丹麦的研究人员对于噪声如何影响人们的心脏进行了研究。听见噪声的时候，我们的身体会产生应激反应。在这种情况下，出乎意料的噪声会导致荷尔蒙分泌加快，最终损害心脏。答案为D项。词义猜测题专练(二)猜测指代类A2019洛阳市第二次统考 There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think. On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are. Many associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families, holding a special and personal value for us. Food from our family often becomes the comfort food we seek as adults in times of frustration and stress. On a large scale, traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of culture identity. Immigrants bring it wherever they go, and it is a symbol of pride for their culture and means of coping with homesickness. Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes. However, the food does not remain exactly the same. Some materials needed to make traditional dishes may not be readily available, so the taste and flavor can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes about the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers. Those changes can create new flavors that still keep the cultural significance of the dishes. We should embrace our heritage (传统) through our cultures food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window into culture, and it should be treated as such.体裁：议论文题材：饮食文化主题：食物和文化之间的联系【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了食物和文化之间的联系。【难句分析】It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it.分析：本句中第一个it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式；“that each dish has. who prepare it”是that引导的宾语从句，从句中含有“介词which”引导的定语从句和who引导的定语从句，who引导的定语从句修饰先行词those。译文：重要的是要记住，每一道菜在它所属的文化中都有一个特殊的位置，而且对于烹饪它的人来说也是特别的。1Whats the function of food mentioned in the text?ATo help motivate homesickness.BTo show national identity.CTo reflect a countrys history.DTo show a communitys superiority.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第一段第二、三句“On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are”，再根据第二段的第二句“It also operates as an expression of culture identity”可知，文章中提到的食物的作用是显示国家身份，故选B项。2What does the underlined “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AThe specific traditional food.BThe national culture.CA traditional expression of food.DThe oldfashioned taste.答案与解析：A考查代词指代。通读第二段可知，传统食物是文化的一个重要部分，它显示了文化身份，移民不管去哪儿都带着它，它象征着对自己文化的骄傲，也是排解乡愁的方法。由此可推知，it指代传统食物，故选A项。3Why do some immigrants have to change the original dishes in their restaurant?ATo attach cultural importance to their dishes.BTo announce the beginning of their life on foreign soil.CTo make the dishes popular among customers.DTo present their own food culture in a new way.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第三段的第四、五句“Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes about the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers”可知，移民不仅把菜肴卖给来自相同国家的人，而且卖给不同国家的人。为了使菜肴受到顾客的欢迎，一些移民不得不改变传统的菜肴，故选C项。4Whats the authors attitude towards different food cultures?ANegative. BBalanced.CUnfair. DUnchangeable.答案与解析：B考查观点态度。根据最后一段的第一句“We should embrace our heritage (传统) through our cultures food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food”可知，我们应该通过我们文化的食物来接受我们的传统，但也应该通过尝试其他文化的食物来了解更多文化。由此可推知，作者对不同的食物文化持客观公正的态度，故选B项。B2019唐山一模 Since their earliest days, American colleges and universities have based their study programs around what is known as the liberal arts. Liberal arts education does not require students to study only one subject. Apart from a major like history or politics, students also take classes in other subjects that may not directly relate to their majors. This is meant to give students a wider understanding of the world as well as improve the critical thinking skills. However, in recent years, many Americans have avoided liberal arts degree programs. That is mainly due to the belief that students who graduate with degrees in science, technology, engineering and mathematics, known as STEM, are more likely to find wellpaid jobs. But a new survey conducted by the labor market research company Emsiand the Strada Education Network research group suggests liberal arts graduates are just as desirable to employers in the modern labor market. According to the survey, 82% of liberal arts degree holders from fouryear programs are employed. Those who are employed fulltime made about $20,000 more per year than people with no higher education at all. And liberal arts degree holders with advanced degrees earned an additional $20,000 on average. Rob Sentz, who works with Emsi, says an engineering student may be immediately hired after graduation. But very often, engineering programs fail to teach students how to work well with others or communicate complex ideas in a simple way. Those are exactly the types of skills taught in liberal arts education. Nicole Smith, an economist, notes that with the rise of artificial intelligence, companies producing these intelligent machines need help teaching them how to think more like and interact with human beings. They need help selling products and solving problems, which are skills that come from a liberal arts education. Sentz and Smith agree the biggest challenge facing liberal arts graduates is showing employers what their skills are and the value they represent.体裁：说明文题材：文化教育主题：文科教育的优势【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，通过介绍文科生的专业特征和就业市场的现状来说明文科生的职业优势和就业前景。对于那些只注重工科学习的学生来说，他们在沟通方面有明显的不足，而这一点恰恰是文科学生的优势。5Why does liberal arts education require students to learn more than their majors?ATo teach students how to communicate with others.BTo broaden students horizons and promote their critical thinking.CTo encourage students to learn as many subjects as possible.DTo push students toward liberal arts degree programs.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“This is meant to give students a wider understanding of the world as well as improve their critical thinking skills.”可知，要求文科生学习更多专业以外的知识是为了让学生更广泛地了解世界，同时提高他们的批判性思维能力，故选B项。6What advantage do liberal arts graduates have over STEM graduates?AThey have more access to wellpaid jobs.BThey have greater appeal for employers.CThey are more skilled in communicating.DThey are better at designing intelligent machines.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“But very often, engineering programs fail to teach students how to work well with others or communicate complex ideas