一般过去时与现在完成时的用法区别

一般过去时与现在完成时区别专题一般过去时与现在完成时区别专题 一 前言 一 前言 初一下学期同学们学习了一般过去时态的相关知识 即将到来的初二上学期英语学习中 现在完成时是重要的 学习内容 本文通过对比一般过去时和现在完成时 对现在完成时进行初步讲解 希望使同学们读新学期的学习有 所准备 二 现在完成时二 现在完成时 1 现在完成时的构成 现在完成时是由助动词 have has 动词的过去分词构成 助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围 它和主语的人称 数要保持一致 过去分词是主要的谓语动词 说明句子的意义 2 现在完成时的用法 现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响 即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况 We are good friends 现在的情况 I knew him in 1997 过去的动作 We have known each other since 1997 现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在 1 表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间 但对现在留下了某种影响和结果 常被 just already yet 等 副词修饰 如 Have you had lunch yet Yes I have I ve just had it 你 已经 吃午饭了吗 我刚刚吃过 现在我不饿了 2 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态 这个动作可能刚停止 可能仍然在进行 常带 有 for 和 since 等表示一段时间的状语 如 He has taught here since 1981 他自 1981 年就在这儿教书 可能还要继续教 I haven t seen her for four years 我有四年没见到她了 3 表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作 现在成为一种经验 一般译为汉语 过 常带有 twice ever never three times 等时间状语 如 I have been to Beijing twice 我去过北京二次 3 现在完成时的时间状语 1 现在完成时属于现在时范围 故不能和过去的时间状语连用 如 yesterday last Sunday in1990 three years ago 等 但是 在强调动作产生的后果和影响时 可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用 a 用副词 already 和 yet already 一般用于肯定句中 yet 一般用于否定句和 疑问句中 如 We have already finished our homework 我们已完成作业了 They haven t finished their homework yet 他们还没有完成作业 b 用 ever 和 never 多用于否定或疑问句中 表示 曾经 或 从未 等 如 Have you ever been to the Great Wall 你曾经去过长城吗 I have never been to the Great Wall 我从未去过长城 c 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语 如 just before up to now the past few years 等 例如 I have seen her before but I can not remember where 我以前见过她 但记不起在哪里见过 He has been there three times the last few days 近几天他去过那里三次了 d 用包括 现在 在内的时间状语 如 now today this morning month year term 等 例如 Have you met him today No I haven t 今天你见过他吗 我 没有 How many times have you been there this year 今年你去过那里多少次 2 现在完成时可以和带有 since 或 for 等表示 一段时间 的状语连用 表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始 一直 持续到现在 如 I haven t seen him for two years 但是 像 come arrive buy 等终止性动词不能与表示 一段时 间 的状语连用 要用 必须改为 be 在 等延续性动词来表述 现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词 的转换 arrive be here begin start be on die be dead come back be back leave be away fall ill sick asleep be ill sick asleep get up be up go out be out finish be over put on wear 或 be on open be open join be in 或 be a member of close be closed go to school be a student borrow keep buy have catch a cold have a cold get to know know begin to study study come to work work 等 如 He has been a soldier for three years 他参军三年了 His father has been dead for two years 他父亲去世二年了 The film has been on for ten minutes 电影已开始十分钟了 We have studied English for three years 我们 开始 学英语已三年了 4 几点注意事项 1 have been to 与 have gone to 的区别 have been to 表示 去过某地 现在已经回来了 可用于各 人称 have gone to 表示 去某地了 说话时某人不在当地 常用于第三人称 前者可与 once never several times 等连用 后者则不能 如 They have been to Beijing twice 他们去过北京两次 He has gone to Beijing 他去北京了 2 如单纯表示一段时间 或强调一段时间 虽有 since 一词 也不必用完成时 如 It is two years since his father died His father has been dead for two years 他父亲去世已有两年了 3 终止性动词现在完成时的否定式 已变成一种可以延续的状态 因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用 如 I haven t left here since 1997 自从 1997 年以来 我一直没有离开过这儿 4 表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在时 用现在完成时 要加表示一段时间的时间状语时 常用 for 一段时间 since 时间点 I have lived here since my childhood 我从小就一直住在这里 I have lived here for 10 years 我在这已经住了 10 年了 5 在提问现在完成时的时间状语时通常用 how long How long have you lived here 注意 在表示某一行为状态持续多长时间时 根据终止时间的不同 时态使用是不一样的 如 I lived here for a week last summer 去年夏天我在这里住了一周 I have lived here for a week by now 到现在为止 我已经在这里住了一周 I will live here for a week next year 明年我会在这里住一周 二 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态 其结果的确和现在有联系 动作或状态发生在过去 但 它的影响现在还存在 而一般过去时表示过去的事实 不表示和现在的关系 I have just been to London I went there last month 我刚去过伦敦 是上个月去的 1 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情 强调动作 现在完成时为过去发生的 强调过去 的事情对现在的影响 强调的是影响 2 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用 而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用 或无时间状语 一般过去时的时间状语 yesterday last week ago in1980 in October just now 具体的时间状语 共同的时间状语 this morning tonight this April now once before already recently lately 现在完成时的时间状语 for since so far ever never just yet till until up to now in past years always 3 现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态 动词一般是延续性的 如 live teach learn work study know 过去时常用的非持续性动词有 come go leave start die finish become get married 等 举例 I saw this film yesterday 强调看的动作发生过了 I have seen this film 强调对现在的影响 电影的内容已经知道了 Why did you get up so early 强调起床的动作已发生过了 Who hasn t handed in his paper 强调有卷子 可能为不公平竞争 She has returned from Paris 她已从巴黎回来了 She returned yesterday 她是昨天回来了 He has been in the League for three years 在团内的状态可延续 He has been a League member for three years 是团员的状态可持续 He joined the League three years ago 三年前入团 joined 为短暂行为 I have finished my homework now Will somebody go and get Dr White He s already been sent for 句子中如有过去时的时间副词 如 yesterday last week in 1960 时 不能使用现在完成时 要用过去时 错 Tom has written a letter to his parents last night 对 Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night 三 练习题 1 A 用 already 或 yet 1 Have they taken down the old pictures yet No not haven t 2 Most of us have finished our compositions 阿拉 ready 3 He said he hadn t visited the exhibition yet B 用 since 或 for 1 We have learned five lessons scince the beginning of this term 2 Mrs Liao has been in hospital scince last week 3 I have stayed at my aunt s two weeks C 用 have gone 或 have been 1 Where are the boy students They to the school factory 2 Is your father in No he to Shenzhen he ever there before Yes he there several times 3 He asked me if I to Hangzhou before I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I never to that city before 2 选择填空 1 Mother me a new coat yesterday I it on It fits me well A had made have tried B made have tried C has made tried D made tried 2 He to draw horses already When he Last year A learned has B learned did C has learned has D has learned did 3 Tom up into the tree Look he high up there A has got is B has climbed was C got was D climbed is 4 you the text yet Yes we it two hours ago A Did copy did B Have copied have C Have copied did D Did copy had 5 Why she angry Because he at her just now A did get shouted B has got shouted C did get has shouted D has got has shouted 6 you the film before Where you it A Have seen did see B Did see did watch C Have seen have seen D Did see have seen 7 You me waiting for two hours I for you since five A kept waited B have kept waited C kept have waited D have kept have waited 8 Where John To the library He there for an hour A has been has gone B has gone has been C did go went D did be went 9 the baby still No it crying A Has cried has stopped B Is crying stopped C Did cry stopped D Is crying has stopped 10 I the way I here for quite many years A knew have lived C knew live C know have lived D know live 11 you ever America Yes I have A Have gone to B Have gone in C Have been to D Have been in 12 My brother college for over three years A has gone to B has been to C has been in D has been at 13 He the Army by the end of 1989 He in the army since then A joined is B has joined has been C had joined is D had joined has been 14 By the time I back they up ten satellites A came have sent B came had sent C come have sent D had come sent 15 Jack over five lessons by seven o clock Then he a rest A went took B went had taken C had gone took D had gone had taken 16 We out by that time that he a spy for a long time A had found had been B had found was C found had been D found was 17 Before the news him he to know about it A reaches has got B reached had got C reached got D had reached got 18 I him a second letter before I from him A wrote heard B wrote had heard C had written heard D have written hear 19 People that the soldiers fighting A say had stopped B said has stopped C say stopped D said had stopped 20 We in a good harvest because we enough rain A didn t get had had B got had had C had got had had D got hadn t had 21 They for five hours when they in New York A flew arrived B had flown had arrived C flew had arrived D had flown arrived 22 She that it for