九年级英语复习句子成分及其句子种类人教朗文版知识精讲

用心 爱心 专心 九年级九年级英语英语复习句子成分及其句子种类复习句子成分及其句子种类人教朗文版人教朗文版 同步教育信息同步教育信息 一 本周教学内容 复习句子成分及其句子种类 一 组成句子的各部分叫做句子成分 句子的成分有 主语 谓语 表语 宾语 宾语补 足语 定语和状语 二 句子最基本的结构是 主语 谓语 主语 在句子中的位置是放在句首 可以作主语的词类有名词 代词 数词 不定式 以及词组 从句等等 e g The boys are playing football now 名词作主语 Two and two are four 数词作主语 To learn a foreign language is very useful 动词不定式作主语 This is a key 代词作主语 谓语 谓语放在主语之后 动词作谓语 包括及物动词 不及物动词 系动词 e g The students are reading books 动词作谓语 表语 放在谓语之后 结构是 主语 谓语 系动词 表语 用作表语的词有名词 代词 数词 形容词 副词 不定式 词组 从句等等 e g We are students 名词作表语 This desk is hers 代词作表语 Lee is fifteen 数词作表语 Sarah s car looks nice 形容词作表语 Our plan is to plant trees 动词不定式作表语 Is your father in 表示地点的副词作表语 宾语 宾语放在谓语之后 结构是 主语 谓语 及物动词 宾语 宾语分为直接 宾语和间接宾语 直接宾语指物 间接宾语指人 e g Please pass me the salt 间接宾语 直接宾语 用作宾语的词有 名词 代词 数词 不定式短语 名词性的形容词或从句 e g Do you need any help 名词作宾语 Would you like to help me 代词作宾语 He bought ten oranges 数词作宾语 The teacher wants to take these chairs out of the room 动词不定式作宾语 用心 爱心 专心 宾语补足语 在句子中放在宾语之后 结构是 主语 谓语 及物动词 宾语 宾 语补足语 可以用作宾语补足语的词有 名词 形容词 不定式和分词 名词或者代词 形容词 名词 不定式 分词 e g The good news made me happy 形容词作宾补 Did you hear her sing just now 动词不定式作宾补 I saw him cleaning the window yesterday 分词作宾补 Let us have a rest 不定式短语作宾补 状语 一般放在句尾 有时放句首或句中 作状语的词有 副词 介词短语 词组 不定式短语 分词短语以及从句 e g Immediately he started to sing 副词放句首 作状语 I m never late 副词放句中作状语 He drives fast 副词放句尾作状语 Please park the car in front of the building 介词短词作状语放句尾 They went to Shanghai to have a meeting 动词不定式作状语 Jack watched TV day and night 词组作状语 定语 请记住有名词或代词的地方都可以有定语 一般情况下单个的名词 代词 形 容词放在所修饰的名词之前 而词组 短语 从句要放在所修饰的名词之后 可以用作定语的词有 形容词 代词 数词 名词或名词所有格 介词短语 不定式 短语 词组 分词短语和从句 e g Ben is an old man 形容词用作定语 放在名词之前 Do you want another cake 代词用作定语放在所修饰的名词前 The girl asked her mother two questions 数词用作定语放在所修饰的名词之前 The worker put the flowers in a paper bag 名词用作定语放在所修饰的名词之前 Who s the man over there 介词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词之后 Could you bing me something to drink please 动词不定式作定语 放在不定代词之后 The plane that can fly is a machine 从句用作定语放在所修饰的名词之后 三 句子的结构 简单句 并列句和复合句 首先看简单句的五种基本句型 用心 爱心 专心 1 主语 谓语 不及物动词 e g Summer is coming 2 主语 谓语 连系动词 表语 e g You are very busy 3 主语 谓语 及物动词 宾语 e g Mr Liu teaches English 4 主语 谓语 及物动词 宾语 宾语 e g Mum gave me a dictionary Mum gave a dictionary to me 5 主语 谓语 及物动词 宾语 宾语补足语 e g Lina asked him to go shopping together We call him Uncle Wang The students watched the teacher doing the experiment 并列句 并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句构成 常用的并列连词有 and but or so not only but also both and 等等 e g John got up late so he had to go to school without breakfast 约翰起床晚了 所以只好不吃早饭而上学 Hurry up or you ll be late 快点儿 否则要迟到了 We like not only music but also art 我们不但喜欢音乐 而且也喜欢艺术 复合句 复合句是由一个主句和一个或几个从句构成 根据从句在句中的成分可以称为主语从 句 宾语从句 表语从句 定语从句 状语从句和同位语从句 e g Whether he will come or not is not known 他是否会来还不知道 主语从句 It is not known whether he will come or not That is what I should do 这是我的本份 表语从句 He asked me where Mr Pope lived 他问我 Pope 先生住在哪里 宾语从句 The idea that we asked Mike to come yesterday is quite good 昨天我们请迈克来 这个主意太好了 同位语从句 This is the room where I live last summer 这就是我去年夏天住过的房间 定语从句 He ll telephone his mother as soon as he gets there 他只要一到那儿 就会给母亲打电话 时间状语从句 Wherever there is smoke there is fire 无风不起浪 地点状语从句 Jean didn t go to work because she was ill Jean 因病没有上班 原因状语从句 If it doesn t rain tomorrow we ll go to the Science Museum 用心 爱心 专心 如果明天不下雨 我们就去科学博物馆 条件状语从句 Mr King spoke slowly so that everyone could understand him 金先生将慢慢讲以使每个人都听懂他的话 目的状语从句 He is so clever that all the teachers like him 他是那么聪明 所有的老师都喜欢他 结果状语从句 Although he was tired he went on working 虽然他累了 但他还在继续工作 让步状语从句 This film is more instructive than that one 这部电影比那部有教育意义 比较状语从句 细分状语从句也有不少可以引导的关联词 请同学们仔细阅读初三英语书第 232 页状 语从句中的语法内容 四 句子的种类 句子可以分为 4 类 陈述句 疑问句 祈使句和感叹句 陈述句 说明一个事实或者陈述说话人的看法 陈述句包括肯定句和否定句 e g One day a tiger came out of the forest He hasn t had lunch yet 疑问句 提出问题 在英语中疑问句可以分为四种 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 选择 疑问句和反意疑问句 1 一般疑问句 用 yes或者 no 回答的疑问句 用升调 e g Are you a doctor Yes I am No I am not Did she like swimming when she was young Yes she did No she didn t 2 特殊疑问句 用疑问词引导的疑问句 不能用 yes或者 no 回答 用降调 疑问代词有 who whom whose what which 疑问副词有 when where why how 还有 how many how much how old how long how far how soon how often how tall how high what which whose 名词 e g Whose computer is it It s mine When do you usually get up every morning 3 选择疑问句 提出两个答案供选择回答 前一部分和一般疑问句差不多 后一部分用 or 连接需要提问的并列部分 前部分用升降 后部分用降调 回答较灵活 e g Which country do you like better China or India China Are you going to work or stay at home I m going to work 4 反意问句 反意问句一般分两部分 前一部分是陈述句 后一部分是与前一部分意思 相反的简短问句 用逗号隔开 前一部分用升调 后一部分如果表示疑问 就用升调 如果只表示强调某种意思则用 降调 用心 爱心 专心 前一部分用肯定 后一部分用否定 前一部分用否定 后一部分就用肯定 回答时 yes no要与事实取得一致 e g David is good at maths isn t he Yes he is 大卫擅长数学 是吗 是的 Kim hasn t been to the U S A has she Yes she has No she hasn t 不 她去过了 是的 她还没去过 祈使句 表示命令 请求 号召等的句子 祈使句通常不表示出主语 肯定句将动词原形放在句首 否定句以 Don t 动词原形 e g Open your books please Don t talk in class Listen to me carefully 感叹句 表示说话时的惊异 喜悦气氛等情绪的句子 感叹句通常有两种 由 what 或 者 how 修饰 感叹句句尾要用感叹号 用降调 what 修饰名词 how 修饰形容词或副词 结构 What 形容词 名词 主语 谓语 e g What a nice day it is What delicious food How 形容词或者副词 主语 谓语 e g How beautiful the flowers are How fast Jim runs 重点注意 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的语序 倒装语序 一般疑问句将助动词 情态动词 连系动词放在主语之前 e g Is this a book Are there any books on the table Do you watch TV at night Did he finish his homework yesterday Will they see a film tomorrow Have these watches been repaired by him 特殊疑问句将疑问代词或者疑问副词放句首 后面跟着一般疑问句语序 只是在需要 提问主语部分时 换成疑问代词 其它部分不变 e g Mei Mei sings well Who sings well I am drawing a horse What are you drawing He lives in Australia Where does he live 切记 在反意疑问句中如果前一部分中含有 no never hardly little few 等词时 这一部 分就表示否定 后一部分要用肯定 e g You never go to school by bus do you Mary has few friends has does she 反意问句部分的时态 以及主 谓语要与主句一致 用心 爱心 专心 请同学们注意下面的几个要点 A how far how soon how long how often 在特殊疑问句中的区别 how far 指距离 How far is it from here to your home 从这儿到你家有多远 how long 指时间长短 How long have you studied English Three years 你们学英语多长时间了 三年了 how soon 指多久 用于将来时态 How soon will you be ready I ll be ready in two hours 你要多久才能准备好 我要 2 个小时后才能准备好 how often 问频度 多少时间一次 How often do you go to the zoo Once a year 你多久去一次动物园 每年一次 B how many 名词复数 一般疑问句语序 e g How many students are there in your school How many times has he been to the Great Wall C 当反意问句前一部分有 I don t think believe 时 反意问句部分的主语 谓语和从 句一致 e g I don t think Mr Wang will come will he D 祈使句的反意问句 后面要加一个简短问句 使语气更委婉 e g Let s have a rest shall we 让我们休息一会儿 好吗 Let him go will you 让他走 怎么样 Close the door will you 关上门 好吗 Don t make so much noise will you 别吵闹 行不行 模拟试题模拟试题 I 选择填空 1 There a lot of orange juice in the bottle Would you like some A isB areC amD be 2 Do you often play basketball Yes usually Saturday afternoon A inB onC atD to 3 Mrs Smith teaches history we all like her A weB usC ourD ours 4 Do you cook at home Yes but not so as my sister A goodB betterC wellD best 5 Where is Peter do you know 用心 爱心 专心 He Aunt Ying look after the baby A helpsB helped C was helpingD is helping 6 Who was not here yesterday The headmaster she was ill and had to go to hospital A BecauseB IfC ThoughD When 7 Shall we begin class now One moment please I ve got important to say before class A somethingB anything C everythingD nothing 8 Thank you for me the news Not at all A tellB to tell C tellingD you told 9 What good weather Let s have a game in the yard A anB aC theD 10 How old is Sam He looks than Jack but they are of the same age A youngB younger C too youngD the youngest 11 You won t go to the Summer Palace tomorrow will I A AlsoB TooC NeitherD Either 12 Do you enjoy your life here Mr Durham Yes of course though I here for only two weeks A stayB am staying C had stayedD have stayed 13 We are in class You d better A not talkB not to talk C not talkingD don t talk 14 Does autumn last long in Beijing No It usually from September to November A lastedB lasts C is lastingD will last 15 How is the small town Only a few kilometers from here A longB oftenC farD much 16 Here is a of my school Oh it s very large Is this your main building A bookB map C pictureD paper 17 Where do you live in Melbourne Let me you on the map 用心 爱心 专心 A giveB teachC bringD show 18 Chris asked me if any English before I came to London A I learnedB I will learn C did I learnD will I learn 19 Excuse me Could you tell me the way to the Beijing Zoo Sorry I don t know Ask the policeman He know A mustB shouldC mayD can 20 What is paper made from It from wood A makesB is making C madeD is made II 完形填空 From the other side of the road he saw the only lighted window on the third floor go black His eyes came down to the big door the entrance to the building The light came warmly through there into the cold of the evening After a little time a girl passed 1 the door stopped at the top of the steps and pulled her coat close round her He 2 her come down the steps turn to the left and disappear along the road He crossed the 3 then went past the main entrance turned at the corner of the building and went in at a 4 door There stood the stairs He climbed up to the third floor Then he 5 open a small door He came out into a brightly lit passage At the end of the passage there was a door on a plate on the door he 6 read Mrs Walter Countenay He turned the handle and went in That door was 7 locked because the old lady didn t want to be locked in If she rang for somebody she didn t want to come and open the door The room was dark He went in and shut the door behind him A 8 said Who is that It was the first time he had heard her talking and it was very much 9 he had expected He said Never mind who I am and don t be 10 I m not going to hurt you He went forward and sat down on a chair by the big desk There was 11 light in the room from the street outside and he could see her sitting there on the other side of the desk She was 12 up her hands a little and he saw that she had been knitting 编织 when he entered the room Well she said What do you want They key to your safe 保险柜 he answered 1 A overB throughC aroundD into 2 A watchedB heardC helpedD felt 3 A riverB buildingC roadD square 4 A frontB backC sideD garden 5 A keptB knockedC brokeD pushed 6 A wouldB shouldC mightD could 7 A neverB oftenC usuallyD always 8 A soundB voiceC shoutD noise 9 A asB thanC thatD what 10 A sadB excitedC afraidD angry 11 A a lot ofB a littleC someD no 12 A puttingB gettingC pickingD holding 用心 爱心 专心 III 阅读理解 Jim Carrey has become one of the most famous faces in the world He was born in a working class family in New Market Ontario Canada on January 17 1962 His family was very poor Life was hard for young Jim Carrey While in his teens he had to work because his father lost his job He didn t have enough time for school At last he dropped out of school Yet one good thing came out of it He developed a very good sense of humor He didn t have any friends at that time He was very busy Between school and work he didn t have enough time to live like a normal child He felt lonely At 15 he had enough time to start performing at York Yuks a famous Toronto comedy club Then he moved to Los Angeles and performed there Jim Carrey became famous for the first time in 1990 He played a part on a new comedy show called In Living Colour The other actors were all African Americans Carrey was the only white man While there he learned how to act like many different people He got into feature film 长片 in one successful year 1994 It was the Year of the Funny Face First there was Det Detective Next came The Mask Jim Carrey was in the spotlight 公众 注意中心 now Since that famous year Carrey has slowed down a bit His films have come out less often but have continued to make waves There was Betman Forever next came Liar Liar The film was big success He was on top of the world Then came The Truman Show The film showed the world that Jim Carrey was more than just a funny face Carrey has come a long way from his hard childhood In fact he seems to be living a second childhood now Canada has been producing fine comedic actors for years and Jim Carrey is surely the best one 1 Jim Carrey developed a very good sense of humor because A he didn t have to go to school B he started performing in comedies C the comedy club taught him a lot D Canada produced a lot of comedic actors 2 When did Jim Carrey form his own way to perform A When he was fifteen B When he played a part in In Living C After he got into feature films Colour D After he became successful in The Mask 3 Which of the following sentences is not true A It took Jim Carrey very hard work to become famous B 1994 was the most important year on Jim Carrey s way to success C Now Jim Carrey s films are not as successful as they were D Jim Carrey is thought to be the best comedic actor IV 按照所给中文意思完成下列各句 1 你的汽车怎么啦 your car 2 孩子们正在忙着浇花 用心 爱心 专心 The children are busy 3 Helen 年纪太小不能上学 to go to school 4 人一到齐我们就出发 We ll start as soon as 5 你愿意和他们一起去野营吗 to go camping with them V 补全对话 Mrs Green is in a shop She wants to buy a T shirt for her son A Good morning madam Can I help you B 1 A Here are T shirts for boys 2 B Size L He is a tall boy He likes cotton T shirts A 3 It s made in China B OK let me have a look 4 A 280 yuan It s popular with young people B But I m afraid it s a little more expensive and I don t like the colour A Do you like this black one It s only 108 yuan B Hmm it looks nice 5 Thank you VI 用方框中所给单词或词组的适当形式填空 many as soon as have a rest the other late catch family for hold who 1 is the tallest boy in your school Li Tong 2 We are very tired Let s stop 3 Are there students in your school 4 She will give the book to me she comes back 5 I m not feeling well Perhaps I a cold 6 I have two sisters One i