高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解编选（五）11.doc

济南历城区2017高考英语（一轮）阅读理解编选（五）阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。What makes a person a scientist？Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others？The answer is “NO”It is not what the tools that a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist.You will probably agree that knowing how to use the power is important to a carpenter (木匠)You will probably agree，too，that knowing how to investigate (调查)，how to discover information，is important to everyone.The scientist，however，goes one step further，he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer can be confirmed (确认) by other persons.He also works to fit the answers he gets to many questions into a large set of ideas about how the world works.The scientists knowledge must be exact.There is no room for half right or right just half the time.He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit.What works under one set of conditions sometimes must work under the same conditions at other times.If the conditions are different，any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration (演示) must be explained by the changes in the conditions.This is one reason that investigations are important in science.Albert Einstein，who developed the theory of relativity，arrived at this theory through mathematics.The accuracy of his mathematics was later tested through investigations.Einsteins ideas were shown to be correct.A scientist uses many tools for measurements.Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations that may test his investigations.1What makes a scientist according to the passage?AThe tools he uses.BHis ways of learning.CThe ways he uses his tools.DThe different tools.解析：细节理解题。由第一段“It is not what the tools that a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist.”可知。答案：C2What can we learn from the passage?AThe scientists knowledge is always right under all conditions.BWhen the condition changes，the result of the observation may also change.CCondition makes no difference to scientists.DTheres no point for ordinary people knowing how to investigate.解析：细节理解题。由第二段“If the conditions are different，any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration (演示) must be explained by the changes in the conditions.”可知。答案：B3“The scientist，however，goes one step further，.”the author says this to show _.Athe importance of informationBthe importance of thinkingCthe difference between scientists and ordinary peopleDthe difference between carpenters and people with other jobs解析：句意理解题。上文提到了如何调查，如何发现信息对每个人来说都很重要，下文用however引起转折，说明科学家们应该更进一步，他必须确保问题有合理的答案。故此处的the scientist，however，goes one step further，.用来说明科学家和普通人的不同之处。答案：C4A scientific theory should be one that_.Anot only works under one set of conditions sometimes，but also works under the same conditions at other timesBleaves no room for improvementCdoes not allow any change even under different conditionsDcan be used for many purposes解析：细节理解题。由“What works under one set of conditions sometimes must work under the same conditions at other times.”可知答案。答案：A5What is the main idea of the passage?AScientists are different from ordinary people.BThe theory of relativity.CExactness is the center of science.DExactness and way of using tools are the keys to the making of a scientist.解析：主旨大意题。本文第一句“What makes a person a scientist？”提出了文章的主题，第一段论述“how a scientist uses these tools makes him a scientist”，第二段论述“The scientists knowledge must be exact”，故D正确。其余各项只是文章中的细节。答案：D。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。【2014高考英语一模试题】Teachers say the digital age has had a good influence - and a not-so-good influence - on this generation of American teenagersMore than 2,000 teachers took an online surveyThree-quarters of the teachers said the Internet and digital search tools have had a mostly positive effect on their students research habits and skillsBut 64 percent said the technologies do more to distract（使 - - - -分心） students than to help them academically And 87 percent agreed that these technologies are creating an easily distracted generation with short attention spansThe Pew Internet Project did the survey with the National Writing ProjectJudy Buchanan is the vice director of the National Writing Project and a co-author of the reportMsBuchanan says digital research tools are helping students learn more and fasterTeachers really favor these tools because they are ways to make some of the learning exciting and engagingYoung people favor these toolsThe goal is to really help them become creators of meaningful content, and not just sort of consumersBut one problem the survey found is that many students lack digital literacyThey trust too muck of the information they find on the InternetJudy says these students havent developed the skills to determine the quality of online informationIts something that really has to be taught and paid attention toBecause in a world in which things happen quickly, you do need to step back, reflect and analyze the information you haveAnother problem is blamed on something that might not seem like a problem at all: being able to quickly find information onlineTeachers say the result is a reduction in the desire and ability of their students to work hard to find answersThey say students are overly dependent on search engines and do not make enough use of printed books or research librariesMany teachers are also concerned that the Internet makes it easy for students to copy work done by others instead of using their own abilities32The text mainly tells us_ Aall the students use digital tools Bthe Internet is playing a key role Cteachers encourage using digital tools Ddigital tools bring about benefits and problems33Which of the following best shows the structure of the text?34The underlined sentence in the third paragraph probably meansAstudents do not have the right digital toolsBstudents do not always have access to the InternetCstudents havent the ability to adjust themselvesDstudents cant judge online information properly35Some students dont tend to work hard becauseAthey can get answers on the Internet quicklyBprinted books and libraries around arent enoughCthe Internet cant make students concentrateDthey can copy each others work without being punished【参考答案】32. D 33. A 34. D 35. A 社会生活类 To take the apple as a forbidden fruit is the most unlikely story the Christians (基督教徒) have ever cooked up. For them, the forbidden fruit from Eden is evil (邪恶的) . So when Columbus brought the tomato back from South America, a land mistakenly considered to be Eden, everyone jumped to the obvious conclusion. Wrongly taken as the apple of Eden, the tomato was shut out of the door of Europeans. What made it particularly terrifying was its similarity to the mandrake, a plant that was thought to have come from Hell(地狱) . What earned the plant its awful reputation was its roots which looked like a dried- up human body occupied by evil spirits. Though the tomato and the mandrake were quite different except that both had bright red or yellow fruit, the general population considered them one and the same, too terrible to touch. Cautious Europeans long ignored the tomato, and until the early 1700smost of the Western people continued to drag their feet. In the 1880s, the daughter of a well- known plant expert wrote that the most interesting part of an afternoon tea at her fathers house had been the “introduction of this wonderful new fruitor is it a vegetable? ”As late as the twentieth century some writers still classed tomatoes with mandrakes as an“evil fruit”. But in the end tomatoes carried the day. The hero of the tomato was an American named Robert Johnson, and when he was publicly going to eat the tomato in 1820, people journeyed for hundreds of miles to watch him drop dead. “What are you afraid of? ”he shouted. “Ill show you fools that these things are good to eat!”Then he bit into the tomato. Some people fainted. But he survived and, according to a local story, set up a tomato- canning factory. 1. The tomato was shut out of the door of early Europeans mainly because .A. it made Christians evilB. it was the apple of EdenC. it came from a forbidden landD. it was religiously unacceptable2. What can we infer from the underlined part in Paragraph 3? A. The process of ignoring the tomato slowed down. B. There was little progress in the study of the tomato. C. The tomato was still refused in most western countries. D. Most western people continued to get rid of the tomato. 3. What is the main reason for Robert Johnson to eat the tomato publicly? A. To make himself a hero. B. To remove peoples fear of the tomato. C. To speed up the popularity of the tomato. D. To persuade people to buy products from his factory. 4. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To challenge peoples fixed concepts of the tomato. B. To give an explanation to peoples dislike of the tomato. C. To present the change of peoples attitudes to the tomato. D. To show the process of freeing the tomato from religious influence. 【参考答案】42.DCBC 社会生活类-43Franz Kafka wrote that “a book must be the ax (斧子) for the frozen sea inside us.” I once shared this sentence with a class of seventh graders, and it didnt seem to require any explanation.Wed just finished John Steinbecks novel Of Mice and Men. When we read the end together out loud in class, my toughest boy, a star basketball player, wept a little, and so did I. “Are you crying? ”one girl asked, as she got out of her chair to take a closer look. “I am, ” I told her, “and the funny thing is Ive read it many times. ”But they understood. When George shoots Lennie, the tragedy is that we realize it was always going to happen. In my 14 years of teaching in a New York City public middle school, Ive taught kids with imprisoned parents, abusive parents, irresponsible parents; kids who are parents themselves; kids who are homeless; kids who grew up in violent neighborhoods. They understand, more than I ever will, the novels terrible logicthe giving way of dreams to fate (命运) .For the last seven years, I have worked as a reading enrichment teacher, reading classic works of literature with small groups of students from grades six to eight. I originally proposed this idea to my headmaster after learning that a former excellent student of mine had transferred out of a selective high schoolone that often attracts the literary- minded children of Manhattans upper classesinto a less competitive setting. The daughter of immigrants, with a father in prison, she perhaps felt uncomfortable with her new classmates. I thought additional “cultural capital”could help students like her develop better in high school, where they would unavoidably meet, perhaps for the first time, students who came from homes lined with bookshelves, whose parents had earned Ph. Ds.Along with Of Mice and Men, my groups read: Sounder, The Red Pony, Lord of the Flies, Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth. The students didnt always read from the expected point of view. About The Red Pony, one student said, “its about being a man, its about manliness. ” I had never before seen the parallels between Scarface and Macbeth, nor had I heard Lady Macbeths soliloquies (独白) read as raps (说唱) , but both made sense; the interpretations were playful, but serious. Once introduced to Steinbecks writing, one boy went on to read The Grapes of Wrath and told me repeatedly how amazing it was that “all these people hate each other, and theyre all white. ”His historical view was broadening, his sense of his own country deepening. Year after year, former students visited and told me how prepared they had felt in their first year in college as a result of the classes.Year after year, however, we are increasing the number of practice tests. We are trying to teach students to read increasingly complex texts, not for emotional punch (碰撞) but for text complexity. Yet, we cannot enrich(充实) the minds of our students by testing them on texts that ignore their hearts. We are teaching them that words do not amaze but confuse. We may succeed in raising test scores, but we will fail to teach them that reading can be transformative and that it belongs to them.1. The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean that a book helps to_ .A. realize our dreams B. give support to our lifeC. smooth away difficultiesD. awake our emotions2. Why were the students able to understand the novel Of Mice and Men?A. Because they spent much time reading it.B. Because they had read the novel before.C. Because they came from a public school.D. Because they had similar life experiences.3. The girl left the selective high school possibly because_.A. she was a literary- minded girlB. her parents were immigrantsC. she couldnt fit in with her classD. her father was then in prison4. To the authors surprise, the students read the novels_ .A. creativelyB. passivelyC. repeatedlyD. carelessly5. The author writes the passage mainly to_.A. introduce classic works of literatureB. advocate teaching literature to touch the heartC. argue for equality among high school studentsD. defend the current testing system【参考答案】43.DDCAB阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。【2014高考英语质量检测】 New Zealand has long been mountain hike mad Over the last 25 years an increasing number of dedicated（专用）cycle tracks and parks have sprung up in both town and country, many developed by bike clubs and other community groups Recreational cycling was already on a roll, when in 2009 a 50 million New Zealand dollar government fund was established to create a continuous touring route running the length of the country, supported al a grass roots level by an additional 50 million New Zealand dollars offered up by councils and focal organizations It soon became apparent, however, that building one continuous route across the two islands was not only too ambitious, hut it also would byp