最后两周给的翻译话题 (1).doc

1. 琴棋书画中国人最懂得消遣，中国从前的读书人， 闲暇时间以琴棋书画作为消遣。在中国人看来，艺术品的好坏，意味着作者人格的高低，所以弹琴、下棋、写字和绘画，都代表一个人的修养。弹琴不是要做音乐家，而是随着美妙的琴声，进入一个辽阔的世界，净化自己的心灵。下棋不是为了胜负，而是磨练耐性和使人眼光远大。写字不仅是把字写漂亮，同时也是为了陶冶情操。绘画则是借着画面上的简单线条，表现自己的想象的世界。 Music, chess, calligraphy and painting Chinese people have the best idea about recreation. Scholars of ancient times enjoyed themselves through music, chess, calligraphy and painting in their leisure time. In the eyes of the Chinese people, the quality of the artifacts is a reflection of the character of the creator. Thus, playing musical instruments, playing chess, writing calligraphy or painting show ones culture. By playing music, one does not aim to be a musician but to enter a broader world, purifying ones soul in the beautiful music. By playing chess, one does not aim to be the winner but to cultivate patience and foresight. By calligraphy, one aims not only to write beautifully but also to improve his mind. Through painting, one expresses an imaginary world with simple lines. 2. 孝 孝是中国人的一种最重要的民族美德。孔子认为孝道是各种美德的基础。孟子认为，如果人人都能孝顺父母，尊敬长辈，就可以使天下太平。一个人如果能尽孝道，就不会做出越礼犯法的行为。而且，孝顺父母的人往往性情淳厚，有见义勇为的品德，对于公益事业一定热心。社会的组成分子如果能推广孝顺父母的品德，热心公益，就会使社会更容易进步。Filial pietyFilial piety is the most important national virtue to the Chinese people. Confucius considered it to be the foundation of other virtues. Mencius believed that if everyone had filial piety for his parents and respect for older generations, there would be peace in the world. Those with filial piety will break neither etiquette nor the law. Such people are usually simple in nature, courageous in a just cause and enthusiastic in promoting the public good for sure. If society is eager for filial piety and ardent for the public good, it will be easier to make progress. 3. 中文越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。中国的崛起，使他们认识到孩子掌握双语的好处- 既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。这些人对中文的态度几乎完全改变了。曾几何时，他们还骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。现在，他们已开始积极支持孩子学习中文和中国文化，而且还不时送孩子来中国游览，欣赏壮观的自然风光，了解丰富的文化遗产。 Chinese languageAn increasing number of Chinese parents overseas with English education background have realized how important it is for their children to command Chinese as well as to master indispensable English. The rise of china has awakened their awareness of the benefits of bilingual study of their children, both to increase their chances of employment and to facilitate their contact and familiarity with tow different cultures: the Oriental and the Occidental. They have almost completely changed their attitudes towards Chinese. At one time they proudly declared that they only knew English. Now, they have begun to positively support their childrens study of Chinese and Chinese culture, and send them on frequent visits to China to admire its magnificent natural scenery and learn its cultural heritage. 4. 元宵节正月十五元宵节是中华民族的传统节日，也是春节之后的第一个重要节日。这是一年中第一个月圆之夜，也是大地回春的夜晚，人们对此加以庆祝，也是庆贺新春的延续。按中国民间的传统，在这天上皓月悬挂的夜晚，人们要点起彩灯万盏，以示庆贺。中国幅员辽阔，历史悠久，所以关于元宵节的习俗在全国各地也不尽相同，其中吃元宵、赏花灯、猜灯谜等是元宵节重要的民间习俗。Lantern festivalThe lantern festival on the 15th day of the first month in the lunar calendar is a traditional festival of the Chinese nation, and the first important one after Spring Festival. This is the first full moon night of the year, and also marks the return of spring, for which people continue their celebration of the New Year. In keeping with folk tradition in china, people light thousands of color lanterns for celebration on this moon-lit night. Because of its vast territory and long history, china has many different customs for Lantern Festival across the country, among which eating yuanxiao ( sweet, sticky rice dumplings ), admiring beautiful lanterns and guessing lantern riddles are the most important. 5. 中国传统文化中华民族的传统文化博大精深、源远流长。早在两千多年前， 就产生了以孔孟为代表的道家学说。从孔夫子到孙中山，中华民族的传统文化有许多珍品，比如强调仁爱、强调群体、强调天下为公、特别是强调吃苦耐劳、尊师重教的传统美德。所有这些都对家庭、社会和国家都起到了巨大的维系和调节作用。 Traditional Chinese Culture Traditional Chinese Culture, extensive and profound, enjoys a long history. More than 2000 years ago Chinese Confucianism and Taoism emerged, founded by Confucius and Mencius, and Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, respectively. From example, it stresses the importance of kindness and love, the interests of the community, the idea that the world is for all, and especially the traditional virtues such as diligence and endurance, respecting teachers and valuing education. All these have played a great role in binding and regulating the family, the society and the country. 6. 诚信原则中国人以前都生活在大家庭李， 有很多亲戚相互来往。 男人在外面做事谋生，也会结交许多朋友。 中国人交朋友， 秉持的最重要的原则是“诚”和“信”。自己以诚心待人，自然可以换来真实的友谊；尊重别人，自然会被尊重。 而且要信守诺言，绝不欺骗。中国人不仅把这些原则应用在私人的交往上， 在和其他国家办理外交的时候， 也同样遵守这些原则。 Sincerity and faithfulness In the past, the Chinese lived in extended family groups, with many relatives as their social contacts. The men of the family would also make many friends in the course of making their way in the world. Chinese people try to maintain two most important principles in friendship: sincerity and faithfulness. They exchange sincerity for true friendship as might be expected, and receive respect by respecting others. They keep their promises without deceit. Chinese people not only apply these principles in personal contacts, but also follow them in their diplomatic relations with other countries. 7. 中药众所周知， 在最近两百年之前的大部分时间里， 人类一直依赖传统药物与疾病斗争。 各大文明古国几乎都有自己的民族医药体系， 其中又以中国的中医药体系最为完备，成就最大。 可以说，中国的中医药体系是古代医药科学的最高表现。中药绝大部分来源于天然的植物，其次是动物、矿物等。中国各地使用的中药已达5000种左右，用各种药材配成的方剂，更是数不胜数。 Chinese medicineAs is commonly known, until the most recent two centuries people fought against disease with traditional drugs. Ancient civilizations all had their own national drug system, among which the Chinese system was the most comprehensive and achieved the greatest results. We could say that the Chinese traditional drug system is the supreme representation of the type. Traditional Chinese drugs come mostly from natural plants. With some from animals and minerals. There are about 5000 traditional drugs in use across China, and countless prescriptions made with those drugs. 8. 清明节清明节是中国人扫墓的日子。 中国人的乡土观念很重，他们认为世界虽然广大，但只有自己曾经亲手耕耘过的这块土地最可爱。 这块土地属于他们，同样的， 他们也属于这块土地。 传说从前中国人出远门的时候，身边总要带一包故乡的泥土， 这样他就不会轻易生病。一个人即使死在他乡，他的家人总要想办法把他的遗体运回去，葬在故乡的土地上。 Tomb-sweeping DayTomb-sweeping day is the day for Chinese people to pay respect to their ancestors at their graves. Chinese people have strong loyalty to their hometown, believing the land they have cultivated is the most precious, no matter where they may go in the vast world. The land belongs to them and they belong in their own land. It is said that Chinese people of ancient times, when out of town, would take some soil from their hometown to protect them from illness. When one dies in a foreign land, his family will go to great lengths to carry back his remains to be buried in his own land. 9. 中国画中国画线条简单，却能给人无限的想象空间。 所以中国人看画，事实上是在心里作画。 也许有人会问： 中国的山水画家为什么老是喜欢画一些简陋的茅房，而不画高大的建筑呢？这是因为中国人觉得物质生活是短暂的，人的精神却是永恒的。 一个人如果领悟了天地的辽阔， 山水的永久，他还能不觉察自己的渺小，而变得谦虚吗？Chinese PaintingChinese painting, though simple in line, inspires a boundless realm of imagination. Therefore, when Chinese people appreciate their paintings, they are actually painting in their mind. Some may ask: why do Chinese landscape painters love to paint shabby cottages instead of high buildings? It is because they sense the brevity of physical life but the eternity of the human spirit. If one realizes the boundlessness of heaven and earth and the eternity of mountains and rivers, how could he be otherwise than humble at his own insignificance in the universe?10. 世界多元文化一个音符无法表达出优美的旋律，一种颜色难以描绘出多彩的画卷。世界是一座丰富多彩的艺术殿堂，各国人民创造的独特文化都是这座殿堂里的瑰宝。 人类历史发展的过程，就是各种文明不断交流、融合、创新的过程。人类历史上各种文明都以各自的独特方式为人类进步做出了贡献。 我们应该积极维护世界多样性，推动不同文明的对话和交融，相互借鉴而不是相互排斥，使人类更加和睦幸福，让世界更加丰富多彩。 Cultural Diversity A composer cannot write an enchanting melody with only one note, and a painter cannot paint a landscape with only one pigment. The world is a treasure house displaying unique cultural achievements created by people from all countries. The history of human development is the process of different civilizations interacting with each other for mutual enrichment, and all civilization have contributed to the progress of mankind in their own way. We should uphold the diversity of the world, enhance dialogue and interaction between civilizations, and draw on each others strengths instead of being mutually exclusive. When this is done, mankind will enjoy greater harmony and happiness, and the world will become a more colorful place to live. 11. 端午节根据传说，楚国政治家兼诗人屈原忧国忧时，在五月五日投江自尽。 人们敬爱这位爱国诗人， 驾船寻找他的遗体， 却没有找到。 后来人们把糯米包在竹叶里面， 做成粽子，驾着小船到达出事地点，把粽子丢到水里， 当做祭品， 这就是粽子和龙舟比赛的起源。 在南方水乡， 每年端午节都有龙舟比赛。 Dragon Boat FestivalAccording to legend, Qu Yuan, a politician and poet in the Chu Kingdom of ancient China, jumped into the river on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, committing suicide in his concern about the current circumstances and future fate of the country. In their reverence for the patriotic poet, people rowed out in boats to make glutinous rice dumplings, rowed to the site of the suicide, and threw them into the water as a sacrifice. This is the origin of both glutinous rice dumplings and the dragon boat race. In the riverside towns of south China, there dragon boat races every Dragon Boat Festival. 12. 孔子学院（Confucius Institute）是中国在世界各地设立的教育和文化交流机构。推广汉语、传播中国文化是设立该机构的目的。孔子学院最重要的一项工作就是给世界各地的汉语学习者提供标准的教材以及正规的汉语学习渠道。全球首家孔子学院于2004年在韩国首尔（Seoul）成立，目前已遍布106个国家。孔子学院有力地推动了中国文化的交流与融合（integration）。Confucius Institute is an institute of education and cultural communication established by China all over the world. Its aim is to promote Chinese language and spread Chinese culture. The most important task of Confucius Institute is to provide standard textbooks and a formal channe