高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解基础选编（三）2.doc

四川北川县2017高考英语一轮阅读理解基础选编【由安徽省合肥市2014高考模拟题改编】阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。Scientists in UK have grown a living human brain. The team at Aston University created tiny bunch of cells which act like a mini nervous system.They believe it could help find a cure for worse mental conditions like Parkinsons disease. Professor Michael Coleman is leading the research program. He explained, We are aiming to be able to study the human brain at the most basic level, using an actual living human cell system. Cells have to be alive and operating efficiently to enable us to really understand how the brain works. The experiment involves changing cells from a cancer tumour (肿瘤）and making them behave like brain cells.Although far from finished, researchers hope the false brain cells will give them a greater understanding of how real brains work. This, in turn, could significantly further research into conditions which affect the brain. Neil Hunt, chief leader of the research group, said, It is still very early days, but in the future the research could lead to a useful tool for looking into dementia (痴呆).The technique could also provide a way to carry on animal test and is being supported by the Humane Research Trust (HRT). The scientists predict that over the next ten years a million people will develop dementia. Professor Coleman believes their findings could change this. He said，We hope our research will provide scientists with a new and highly relational human experimental model to help them understand the brain better and develop new drugs to control the related disease. However, the biggest challenge at present is that we are greatly short of fund, which will slow our research.1. UK scientists grow a living human brain in order to _.A. study the structure of human brain B. make use of living human cell system C. discover how human brain really works D. separate cells from a cancer tumour2. According to Neil Hunt, research into brain cells _.A. will get finished as early as possibleB. will make people discover dementiaC. will affect the brain growth in many waysD. will help to treat some diseases in nerve system3. From the last paragraph，we can know that _A. the technique provided by HRT is immatureB. animal tests are no longer allowed by lawC. a million people suffer from brain diseasesD. the research program lacks financial support4. The text is intended to _.A. tell us about a breakthrough in medical researchB. introduce a research program in humans brainC. introduce the progress of drugs for dementiaD. tell us about health problem in nerve system【参考答案】14、CDDB阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。【2014高考英语综合能力测试题】The writer Margaret Mitchell is best known for writing Gone with the Wind, published in 1936. This book tells a story of love and survival during the American Civil War. Visitors to the Margaret Mitchell House in Atlanta, Georgia, can go where she lived when she started composing it and learn more about her life. Our first stop at the Margaret Mitchell House is an exhibition area telling about the writers life. She was born in Atlanta in 1900. She started writing stories when she was a child. She started working as a reporter for The Atlanta Journal newspaper in 1922. One of Ms Mitchells photographs, called Peggy, shows her talking to a group of young college boys. She is only about one and a half meters tall. The young men tower over her, but she seems very happy and sure of herself. The tour guide explains, “Now in this picture Peggy is interviewing some boys from Georgia Tech, asking them such questions as would you really marry a woman who works?” The Margaret Mitchell House is a building that once contained several apartments. Now we enter the first floor apartment where Ms Mitchell lived with her husband, John Marsh. They made fun of the small apartment by calling it “The Dump”. Around 1926, Margaret Mitchell stopped working as a reporter and was at home recovering after an injury. Her husband brought her books to read from the library. She read so many books that he bought her a typewriter and said it was time for her to write her own book. Our guide says Gone with the Wind became a huge success. Margaret Mitchell received the Pulitzer Prize for the book. In 1939, the film version was released. It won ten Academy Awards, including Best Picture.36. From Paragraph 1, we know that visitors can know more about Margaret Mitchell by _. A. visiting where she wrote Gone with the Wind B. interviewing her relatives about Gone with the Wind C. reading Gone with the Wind and then seeing the film D. living in the Margaret Mitchell House for a time 37. In the Margaret Mitchell House, we cant see _. A. her former living place B. something about her own life C. the scene that she was writing D. exhibition of Margarets possessions38. The underlined phrase “tower over” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “_”. A. stand behind B. are shorter than C. are taller than D. look down upon39. We can know about Margaret Mitchell that _. A. her height made her marriage unhappy B. she was interested in writing as a child C. writing stopped her from working as a reporter D. her life was full of hardship and sadness40. From Paragraph 4, we can learn that _. A. the library was useless for Margaret Mitchells writing B. Margaret Mitchell couldnt write without a typewriter C. Margaret got injured when she was writing a story of the war D. John Marsh offered much help to Margaret Mitchell【参考答案】36-40 ACCBD 本文主要介绍了乱世佳人的作者Margaret Mitchell在亚特兰大的生活故事。她的家现在是亚特兰大著名的旅游景点之一。36. A。细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Visitors to the Margaret Mitchell House in Atlanta, Georgia, can go where she lived when she started composing it and learn more about her life.可知答案。37. C。细节理解题。因为Margaret Mitchell已经不居住在这所房子里了，所以今天当我们参观这所房子时，我们是不可能再看见她写作的情景了。38. C。词义猜测题。根据上句She is only about one and a half meters tall.可知，这些年轻男子高出她许多。39. B。细节理解题。根据第二段的She started writing stories when she was a child.可知答案。40. D。推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知Margaret Mitchell因病在家疗养期间，她丈夫John Marsh不但从图书馆借来很多书籍给她阅读而且还给她购买了一台打字机，并鼓励她写自己的书。社会生活类 Life and work are filled with problems to be solved, or as we say these days, challenges to be overcome. There are a number of approaches to help us with problem-solving in business and in other walks of life. Using one or more of these techniques can help us do so efficiently. But some problem-solving techniques are complex and require a lot of learning before we can use them well. Here is one of the simplest approaches, a five-stage process that often leads to success. The first stage is to define the problem in detail. Part of the definition ought to be the reason the problem arose in the first place. Once we are satisfied that the problem is well defined we are ready to look for a solution. The second stage is the search for alternative courses of action that will solve the problem. Here we try to find multiple potential solutions to the problem. This step may involve doing some researches or asking others what they think. Look for analogies or how similar problems have been solved in the past. The important thing is to come up with alternative solutionsat least two or three. The third stage is to study each alternative solution and to identify the relative advantages and disadvantages of each course of action. One alternative might be quicker but cost more than the other solutions. Another might be less expensive but require a lot more time and energy. Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of each alternative is critical to choosing the best solution. The fourth stage of this process is to select and carry out the best solution. Criteria (标准) for choosing may include a rough cost-benefit analysis or simply your comfort level after carefully considering your alternatives. The fifth and final stage is monitoring the outcome of your chosen solution. Did it work? Did you achieve success? If yes, that is great! If not, its back to the first stage. 1. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. How to Solve Problems EfficientlyB. What to Do With Your ProblemsC. Five Steps for Your ProblemsD. Problems Filling Work and Life2. If the problem-solving technique is very complicated, . A. you should use it for your problemB. youd better consult with expertsC. you should make a study about it firstD. you must give it up at the beginning3. The underlined word “analogies” in the text means. A. resemblancesB. defencesC. differencesD. changes4. The main idea of the third stage is. A. to use an alternative solution efficientlyB. to find a cheaper problem-solving techniqueC. to weigh the pros and consD. to choose the quickest solution5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the text? A. You should note the outcome of your chosen solution. B. You may put the method into use at last. C. The less expensive solution is the first choice. D. The reason for the problem is the key. 【参考答案】25. 社会生活类-26Cities need to put efforts to deal with pollution and clear the air. Chinese cities will need to put efforts to clear up the sky when a new department to improve regional air quality is set up by 2015, according to the latest plan released by the State Council. Besides the existing pollution control program for SO2, regional emission caps (区域排放上限) for other certain chemicals will be established in the three key air polluting areas the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Coal-consumption caps will also be tried out in some areas, according to the plan. “The plan is aimed at dealing with regional air pollutionsuch as acid rain and smogwhich have become increasingly obvious in China in recent years and caused a severe threat to peoples health,” Zhang Lijun, vice-minister of environmental protection, said in an interview on Monday. “The air quality in a city affects the regions nearby because pollutants (污染物) Can travel through the atmosphere,” said Chai Fahe, vice-director of Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences. “So efforts to reduce air pollution in a single city, targeting a certain pollutant will not be enough,” Chai said. Zhang said, “The countrys major industrial districtsthe Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regionhave recorded more than 100 misty days annually in recent years.”These three regions, home to at least 200 million people, occupy only 6. 3 percent of the countrys area but consume 40 percent of the countrys coal and produce half of its steel, according to official figures. Studies also show that the visibility (能见度) in eastern regions of China has dropped by 7 to 15 km compared to that in the early 1960s, as a result of air pollution. Liaoning province, the Shandong Peninsula, Wuhan in Hubei province and its surrounding area, the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan region in Hunan province, the Chengdu-Chongqing region, and the western coast of the Taiwan Straits are also listed as areas to carry out such regional air pollution control programs, a