AStudyonTeachers

1 Teachers Instructional Directives During a lesson we often speak more When we begin our lessons we say Now who can remember what we did last lesson Well can any of you tell me what we practiced last time We practiced a talk about earthquakes right Let s go over it again When we announce the teaching plan we say Learn something new Do some role plays If we have enough time if time permits perhaps we may spend a few minutes on You ll have had practice in writing a letter asking for help We should speak more when we organize the teaching All of these words are teachers instructional directives So instructional directives are speech acts by which teachers get their students to do things in class Whether giving effective instructional directives is believed to affect students task comprehension and performance So the study on teachers instructional directives can be useful on teaching practice According to the words that we use in the class I think there are seven functional types of instructional directives 1 giving commands to guide students to finish a task Such as OK sit down Books closed Stop now 2 connecting between two tasks Such as OK one more task for you to do If time permits perhaps we may spend a few minutes on 3 warning to make students know what and how they should do Such as Try you best OK one minute Be careful 4 explaining to help students understand Need doing or to be done so this one need cutting 5 encouraging and giving instructions Just guess You should use ing from here like 6 repeat requests Please turn to Page22 turn to Page22 7 requests for asking for agreement At the end we have to say thanks for listening right We can see that sentence structures used in instructional directives include a imperative sentence You VP please b Let s and abbreviated instructional directives c tag question for request Could you Can you Would you d declaratives and declarative tag question We can find out four features creating relevant context guiding strategies affective support and providing resources So clear and effective instructional directives can contribute to students active participation and satisfactory performance and thus make classroom teaching more effective 2 附录 课堂过程用语 一 开始课堂教学 Beginning the lesson Now who can remember what we did last lesson Well can any of you tell me what we practised last time OK l want a student to tell us what we learned read about used last lesson Remember Do you remember these pictures We used the pictures and the cards didn t we We practised a talk about sports right Let s go over it again Let s read the sentences once more What about having another practice How about revising them once more 二 宣布教学计划 Announcing the teaching pIan first first of all and then later on after that finally by the end of etc one two three four Practise a dialogue Learn something now Do some read ing w rit ing note tak ing Have some conversation practice Do some role play in a few minutes half way through the lesson when we ve finished near the end of the lesson at the end of the lesson if we have enough time if time permits if there s time perhaps we may spend a few minutes on By the end of the lesson you ll be able to talk about agreements and disagreements You ll have learnt how to give people advice You ll have had practice in writing a letter asking for help You ll be able to use the present perfect tense for checking up 三 组织课堂教学 Getting organized Would you move your chairs in up back etc Could you three move your desks forward l please Will you both move your table this way please Would you mind straightening the chairs please Do you mind moving back a bit Will you make a bigger space here Could you possibly arrange yourselves to make a group of 3 4 6 8 etc If you could arrange yourselves to form a group of 5 Please would you arrange your chairs in 3 4 5 t etc Would you find the handouts we were using last week please 3 Could you get out the polycopies you had last time please Will you take out the worksheets you began yesterday please Let s find the passage we were reading last lesson Put your other books away please No others That s all We don t need these pictures Will you put them away Not that book The other one Yes the red one Ready Now we can start Haven t you brought yours Well you ll have to share with your neighbour Have you lost yours Well you may share with Li Lei Haven t you got yours Forgotten Well you should use mine but don t forget next time I have some papers to give out now I have some new books to give out today Here are some worksheets to hand round Will you please give these sheets out Han Mei Thanks Please pass these papers back round along please Take one and then pass them on They re for you to keep You may have them to keep I want the materials back please I want them back at the end of the lesson You must give them in again so please don t write on them OK Please can you clean the blackboard the whiteboard the board Would you mind cleaning the board please Just clean this half Leave that section We still need this part Just clean that bit Don t clean that side Not this hit Only that part Just that section Thank you very much Could you clean the top left hand corner please Will you clean the bottom right hand corner please Please rub of f the yellow words on the left at the top Would you please rub off the drawings on the right at the bottom Rub everything off please Leave this on please 四 举例 Giving examples 1 以速度区分 You should use ing form here like 入慢速度 I love playing football 4 2 以重复来区分 You will have to use but when you express this idea now listen to the sentence I lovemming but I don t likemming in winter 停顿 再读一遍 3 以重读来区分 We ought to use the form have done such as 加强重点部位的读音力度 Have you finished that job yet 4 以手势来区分 五 谈论课堂环境 taking about physical conditions Don t you think it s too hot in here Isn t it rather cold in here Please can you turn the fan on Would you mindtching the air condition or on Then we ll be able to keep cool I m afraid it s too dark in here Can you work alright Can you see alright Don t we need that light s on Wi1l you open the shutters Oh it s much too untidy for us to study in Please tidy up will you Please would you go and ask someone to fix the light Will you fetch someone to see to the cooler 六 使用教学工具与设备 Using aids and instruments Will you fetch the wall charts of Lesson 65 Can you bring me those sets of flash cards of food and drink We need a flannel board Now I ve got some folders of cue cards Please could you stick the picture up here Let s find the sticky tape to fix the chart up Is that alright Straight High enough Can you all see it Wil1 you give me the scissors They are to cut these out with Will you take them down I m going to collect the cards in now and put them away 七 使用电教设备 Using electrical equipment Will you possibly plug the tape recorder in for me Oh dear It s too loud what must you do then S Well I have to turn the volume down I m afraid it s not loud enough You d better turn it up a bit What s wrong with the recorder Will you check the plug is in the switch is on the mains supply It won t work Can you check the plug is in I can t get it to work Now wait a minute Let s find the right place on the tape Shall we go back and play it again Did you catch that That seemed to be a bit fast We l1 go back and listen again Ready 5 Check it is rewound back to the start Wind the tape on to the empty spool Set the counter to O00 at the beginning of the tape T Now let s talk about some pictures We ll need the O H P that is the overhead projector Do you know how to make it work 教师指引出投影仪的英文名称 S Electricity T Well do l need to switch it on first or plug it in Ss Plug in T Plug it in good Can you say that Come on You have everyone Ss You have to plug it in T Good Well l ve plugged it in Now what Ss er You have to switch it T Switch it on t on Everyone You have Ss You have to switch it on T That s it Now I ll adjust the mirrors oh dear the picture s upside down How silly lt s too bright It s not bright enough It s not clear enough It s out of focus Let s adjust the focus 八 进行分组活动 Dividing the class up 1 Choral 2 Individuals 3 Teams 4 Pairs I want all of you to answer the questions Choral I d like just one person to continue the sentence Individual I want this part to correct the sentence Team Now let s play the dialogue out in pairs Pair For this I m going to divide you down the middle Now I ll divide you in half Whose go is it Not yours You be quick It s group 6 first Now you Quickly That s it It s your turn second It s their go third We ll score on the board and we ll see which team wins I want you to work in groups In fours In groups of four Turn round and face your neighbour You haven t anyone to work with have you What about joining in with them 九 布置作业 Setting homework At home tonight practise the exercise on page 9 At home this evening not now revise this dialogue 6 You are going to compose a piece of writing about today s topic in your notebooks and give it in tomorrow morning Fo