考研英语段落排序题.doc

2010年考研英语Part B新题型部分，第一次考到了新题型的段落排序题，但是与考研大纲不同的是，这次段落排序题不是5选5，而是6选5，有一个不能选的段落。这是让广大考生感到没有思想准备的一道题。题目要求中明确指出，本题共出现标号从A到G的7个段落，其中E段的位置已经给出，而要求从A, B, C, D, F, G这6个段落中选取5段，并结合已经给的E段，进行排序。 题目的素材。选自2003年第一期麦肯锡周刊(The Mckinsey Quartly)。请注意，这已经是这本注明的经济管理类杂志第二次入选考研英语试题的素材库了。原文的名字叫“A wholesale shift in European groceries”，翻译成汉语，为“欧洲日常用品销售向批发转型”。整个文章主要描述的目前欧洲的日用消费品零售商(主要是连锁大超市集团)在欧洲面临的困境缺乏增长动力。而它们却忽视了现在消费者的习惯正在发生改变这一事实。下面我们来分析一下新题型这道题的解题方法。AThe first and more important is the consumers growing preference for eating out: the consumption of food and drink in places other than hours has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption on 1995 to 35% in 2000 and is expected to approach 38% by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5% a year as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternation.B Retail, sales of food and drink in Europes largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retails have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion aboard. But almost all have ignored the big profitable opportunity in their own back yard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.C Will such variations bring about a change in overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is base on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide. What to buy. At any rate, this change and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.D All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their gigantic scale, existing infrastructure, and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rank in substantial profits thereby. At last, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest nation market especially in their customer segment and wholesale structures, a as well as the competitive dynamics.E Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined-France, Germanyare made out of the same building block. Demand mainly from two sources: in dependent momand pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are too small to buy straight when they dont eat at home. Such food service operators, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”：hotels, restaurant and cafes. Overall, Europes wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figure when assed together, mask too opposing trends.F For example, wholesale food and drink sales came to 268 billion in France, Germany, Spain, America in 2000 - more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail ; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often ;and in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last man it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.G However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers land even some large food producers and existing wholesalers, from trying their hand, foe those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.解题步骤与思路：一归纳6个选项的段落大意，同时注意两个选项之间的联系。通过阅读阅读选项【B】，我们归纳出其中心意思是：欧洲市场的日用品零售市场已经停止，因此大部分零售商已经尝试电子商务，但是几乎所有的零售商都无视了日用品的批发业务，认为它应该是一个大的，赚钱的机会。同时我们发现，【F】选项是在具体的说明批发业务给法国，德国，意大利等国家带来的巨大利益，这两个选项之间的关系属于典型的观点+例证的逻辑关系，所以我们可以选定应该是【B】，然后是F。【B】选项的末句和选项【F】有词汇上照应，这连个选项之间都出现了wholesale food and drink这几个关键词。二选项【D】和【G】之间可以凭借同义词替换来寻找做题的关键。因为选项【D】最后一句New skills and unfamilar business models are needed too.和【G】选项中的这几个词汇首尾呼应： none of these requirements，属于典型的同义词替换+指代原则(none of these )的做题原则。因此这两个选项应该是先选【D】，再选【G】。三由于【E】选项已经给出，段落排序的原则是重视首末句，通过阅读末句我们发现，mask two opposing trends（掩盖了两个对立的倾向）。而A选项的开头是提到：The first and more important is the consumers growing preference for eating out: 提到的是消费者一种外出吃饭的偏爱。重要的是用了数字the first指代前面提到的趋势。所以我们应该先把45题确定为A选项。如果把A选项看成是第一段的同学，根本是在乱选，根据一般的出题规律，没有这么把最明显的词汇放在句首作为做题的重要依据的。四选项【C】的主题是谈到市场结构变化的问题，也提到影响市场运转的因素。但是我们发现没有出现与前面6段主题一致的中心词汇，比如；retail, wholesale, food and drink等，它的最大的干扰来自“market”这个词语，只可惜不是段落的中心词汇。五现在重要的是BFDG的顺序问题。如果一旦错误，就会导致四道题全错。我们发现选项B的末句说大部分大型的零售商无视了wholesale的重要性，即没有充分意识到它的重要性，属于典型的首开wholesale food and drink话题的写作方式，而且在接下来的段落里都是围绕wholesale这个话题展开的，因此第一段应该选B。六 参考答案：41-45 【B】【F】【D】【G】【A】。 Directions：The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 4145, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list AE to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)A “I just dont know how to motivate them to do a better job. Were in a budget crunch and I have absolutely no financial rewards at my disposal. In fact, well probably have to lay some people off in the near future. Its hard for me to make the job interesting and challenging because it isnt its boring, routine paperwork, and there isnt much you can do about it.B “Finally, I cant say to them that their promotions will hinge on the excellence of their paperwork. First of all, they know its not true. If their performance is adequate, most are more likely to get promoted just by staying on the force a certain number of years than for some specific outstanding act. Second, they were trained to do the job they do out in the streets, not to fill out forms. All through their career it is the arrests and interventions that get noticed.C “Ive got a real problem with my officers. They come on the force as young, inexperienced men, and we send them out on the street, either in cars or on a beat. They seem to like the contact they have with the public, the action involved in crime prevention, and the apprehension of criminals. They also like helping people out at fires, accidents, and other emergencies.D “Some people have suggested a number of things like using conviction records as a performance criterion. However, we know thats not fair too many other things are involved. Bad paperwork increases the chance that you lose in court, but good paperwork doesnt necessarily mean youll win. We tried setting up team competitions based on the excellence of the reports, but the guys caught on to that pretty quickly. No one was getting any type of reward for winning the competition, and they figured why should they labor when there was no payoff.E “The problem occurs when they get back to the station. They hate to do the paperwork, and because they dislike it, the job is frequently put off or done inadequately. This lack of attention hurts us later on when we get to court. We need clear, factual reports. They must be highly detailed and unambiguous. As soon as one part of a report is shown to be inadequate or incorrect, the rest of the report is suspect. Poor reporting probably causes us to lose more cases than any other factor.F “So I just dont know what to do. Ive been groping in the dark in a number of years. And I hope that this seminar will shed some light on this problem of mine and help me out in my future work.”G A large metropolitan city government was putting on a number of seminars for administrators, managers and/or executives of various departments throughout the city. At one of these sessions the topic to be discussed was motivation - how we can get public servants motivated to do a good job. The difficulty of a police captain became the central focus of the discussionOrder:G-41-42-43-44-45-F步骤一、理解给定的段落确定文章的文体与结构。理解给定的段落内容(段落中间有转折词，看转折词所在句;无转折词看段首句、第二句，有时包含段尾句)，重点关注动作内容。第G段：A large metropolitan city government was putting on a number of seminars for administrators, managers and/or executives of various departments throughout the city. At one of these sessions the topic to be discussed was motivation - how we can get public servants motivated to do a good job.利用名词主体论动作决定论提炼信息为：was putting on a number of seminars “举行一系列的论坛”;the topic to be discussed was motivation “供讨论的主题是主动性”. 表明该段叙述“议题”，确定本文是议论文。步骤二、理解供排序的段落确定段落的内容方向。理解供排序段落内容(段落中间有转折词，看转折词所在句;无转折词看段首句、第二句，有时包含段尾句)，重点关注动作内容。第A段：“I just dont know how to motivate them to do a better job. Were in a budget crunch and I have absolutely no financial rewards at my disposal.利用名词主体论动作决定论提炼信息为：motivate them to do a better job“鼓励他们作好工作”;budget crunch“预算危机”; no financial rewards“经济奖励”. 表明该段叙述“(自己的)对策”第B段：“Finally,