VIP小升初语法-句型转换专项练习.docx

VIP教研中心 六年级英语精品课程 2012年11月29日星期三句 型 转 换 一、陈述句与疑问句、祈使句、感叹句间的转换 1、陈述句中肯定句变为否定句，大部分是用not来改变谓语结构，但也有借用否定意义的词，如nothing, nobody, none, neither, little, few, never, hardly等，例如： A：Tom does well in maths. B：Tom doesnt do well in maths. A：He has much to do. B：He has nothing to do. A：All of my classmates like art. B：None of my classmates likes art. 2、改为疑问句。根据上下句的结构，来判断变为哪一种形式的疑问句。例如： A：My brother often has breakfast at school. B： Does your brother often have breakfast at school? A：The red light changes every two minutes. B：How often does the red light change? 3、改为感叹句。根据所给的句子结构和单词的词性，来确定使用哪一种感叹句的形式，例如： A：This is an interesting book. B：What an interesting book this is! 或 How interesting this book is! 二、同义句转换。 根据上句，写出一个意思相同（或相近）的下句，此类形式繁多，内容复杂，涉及面广，归类如下： 1、同义词或词组之间的转换。（通常上下句时态保持一致）。 常见的同义词或词组有：(1)四个“花费”（spendtakecosttake）；(2)三个“到达”（get toreacharrive in/at）；(3)四个“收到来信”（hear fromget a letter fromreceive a letter fromhave a letter from）；(4)两个“擅长于”（be good at do well in）；(5)两个“有空”（be freehave time）；(6)三个“入睡”（go to sleepget to sleepfall asleep）；(7)两个“玩得开心”（enjoy oneselfhave a good time）；(8)“给打电话”（call sbtelephone sbring sb. a callmake a telephone to sb.）(9)“飞往”（fly togo toby air/plane）(10)“自学”（teach oneselflearnby oneself）(11)在方面帮助helpwithhelp (to)do(12)在差be weak indo badly in(13)能/会canbe able to(14)更喜欢likebetter thanpreferto(15)充满了be full ofbe filled with(16)放弃干give up doingstop doing(17)不再 no longernot any longer(18)照顾/保管 take care oflook after (20)阻止干stopfrom doingkeep/preventfrom doing(21)由于 thanks tobecause of(22)举手hands upput up ones hands(23)最后，终于at lastin the end(24)与不同 be different frombe not the same as(25)从借入 borrowfromlendto(26)乘公汽/火车/的士 go toby bus/train/taxitake a bus /train/taxi to(27)乘自行车去 go toby bikeride a bike to(28)为感到自豪 be proud ofbe the pride of(29)步行去 walk togo toon foot (30)独自地by oneself alone等。例如： A：The children had a good time in the park. B：The children enjoyed themselves in the park. 2、同义句型之间的转化。常见的同义句型有It seems that 从句Somebody seems（to be）+adj/n Its kind of sb. to doSomebody is kind to do What doesmean?What do you mean by? 或Whats the meaning of?There is something wrong withSomething is wrong with notuntil与when/after/before引导的时间状语从句的转换 Whats wrong with?Whats the matter with? How is?Whatslike?How do you like?What do you think of?Its time thatIts time for sb. to doIts said thatPeople say thatCan I help you? What can I do for you?例如： A：I went to bed after I finished my homework. B：I didnt go to bed until I finished my homework. 3、if引导的条件状语从句的转化。例如： A：If it doesnt rain tomorrow, theyll go to the park. B：Unless it rains tomorrow, theyll go to the park. A：If you dont hurry, youll be late. B：Hurry up, or youll be late. A：Fish cant live if there is no water. B：Fish cant live without water. 4、现在完成时态中的一句多译。在现在完成时态中，结束性动词不能与时间段连用，必须改成相应的延续性动词。常见的动词转换有：buyhave, borrowkeep, diebe dead, openbe open, joinbe in+组织/be a +成员, beginbe on, leavebe away from, closebe closed, arrive in/ get to/ come/go tobe in/at, finshbe over, go to sleepbe asleep，get upbe up.例如：The old man died five months ago.The old man has been dead since five months ago.The old man has been dead for five months.Its five months since the old man died.Five months has passed since the old man died. 5、简单句与复合句之间的转换。 含宾语从句的复合句与简单句的转换。例如： A：I saw they were playing football on the playground. B：I saw them playing football on the playground. A：The teacher found that she was very clever. B：The teacher found her very clever. A：He found that it was hard to learn English well. B：He found it hard to learn English well. A：We are sure that we will win to first match. B：We are sure to win to first match. 由疑问代词/副词引导的宾语从句可转化为“疑问句+不定式”结构。例如： A：Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station? B：Could you tell me how to get to the railway station? A：We dont know what we should do next. B：We dont know what to do next. 由when/after/before/while/since/until引导的时间状语从句可转化为when/after/before/while/sine/until + doing例如： A：They went home after they finished their work. B：The went home after finishing their work. A：Mr Smith has taught English since he came to China. B：Mr Smith has taught English since coming to China. When sb. +be+数词+years oldat the age of+岁数 A：When he was twelve years old, Edison started writing his own newspaper. B：At the age of twelve, Edison started writing his own newspaper. 由sothat引导的结果状语从句可转化为tooto do或enough to do例如： A：The box is so heavy that I cant carry it. B：The box is too heavy for me to carry. 或：The box isnt light enough for me to carry. A：The child is so old that he can go to school. B：The child is old enough to go to school. 由so that 引导的目的状语从句可转化为in order to do例如： A：My father got up early this morning so that he could catch the early bus. B：My father got up early this morning in order to catch the early bus. 由because 引导的原因状语从句可转化为because of例如： A：We didnt go to the park because it rained. B：We didnt go to the park because of the rain. 定语从句可以转化为介词短语或分词短语。例如： A：The man who is on the bike is Jim. B：The man on the bike is Jim. A：The man who is driving the red car is my boss. B：The man driving the red car is my boss. A：The girl who is called Mary is my sister. B：The girl called Mary is my sister. 6、用并列连词neithernor；eitheror；bothand；not onlybut also连句。例如： A：I havent seen a TV play for long, and Lily hasnt either. B：Neither I nor Lily has seen a TV play for long. A：Tom is good at maths, and he is good at French, too. B：Tom is good at both maths and French. neithernor, eitheror和not onlybut also连接两个主语时，谓语动词依靠近它的主语而定，即“就近原则”，但是bothand用来连接两个主语时，谓语复数。 7、主动语与被动语态的互变。 “主动”变“被动”实行“三变二不变”原则。“三变”即是主语，谓语和宾语的变化，“二不变”即时态不变，句式不变。例如： A：They make watches in the town. B：Watches are made by them in the town. A：I can finish the work before eight. B：The work can be finished（by me）before eight. A：Do they grow rice in South China? B：Is rice grown in South China? 注：使役性动词make或感观动词see/watch/look at/hear/listen to/feel在主动语态中所带省to的不定式宾补变为被动语态时，必须加上to. A：I saw him take your umbrella. B：He was seen to take your umbrella. 8、形容词、副词二级之间的转化，例如 A：Chinese is the most important subject of all. B：Chinese is more important than any other subject. A：This exercise is easier than the other two. B：This exercise is the easiest of the three.实战演练Exercise11. He wasnt old enough to join the army.(改为同义句)He was _ _ _ join the army.2. “dont lose your key.” She said to her son.(改为同义句)She told her son _ _ lose _ key.3. My mother doesnt go to work by bus any longer.(改为同义句)My mother _ _ _ to work by bus.4. He spent three days going over his lessons)It _ him three days _ _ over this lessons.5. Uncle Lee had a terrible headache yesterday.(改为反意疑问句)Uncle Lee had a terrible headache yesterday, _ _?Exercise21“Stop watching TV, please.” Mother said to nme. (变为同义句)Mother told me _ _ _ TV.2Young Tom was in school for only three months. (变为特殊疑问句)_ _ was young Tom in school?3When he was 22, he moved to New York to be an inventor. (改为同义句)_ _ _ _ _, he moved to New York to be an inventor.4He had 1093 inventors all his life. (改为同义句)During _ _, he had 1093 inventions.5Lets go to the exhibition this afternoon, _ _?6It was eleven oclock when he finished his homework last night.He _ finish his homework _ it was eleven oclock.7He is the tallest in his class.No one in his class is _ _ _he.8He didnt make as many mistakes in his homework as you.He _ _ mistakes in his homework _ you.Exercise31. You must hand in your exercise books after class. (改成被动语态)Your exercise books _ after class.2. My little brother is too young to look after himself My little brother is not _ _ to _ _ _ himself 3. He went to bed at twelve last night He _ _ to bed _ twelve last night4. It is forty years since he left home He _ _ away from home _ forty years5. Bruce does everything very carefully（改为感叹句） _ _ Bruce does everything！ 6.What are you interested in？Could you tell me？（合并为含有宾语从句的复合句） Could you tell me _ _ _ interested in？ Exercise41. Kate has little bread for breakfast（改为反意疑问句）Kate has little bread for breakfast，_ _？ 2. How often does Tom write to his parents？I want to know（合并为含有宾语从句的复合句）I want to know _ _ Tom _ to his parents3. Bruce does everything very carefully（改为感叹句） _ _ Bruce does everything！ 4. Jim runs the fastest of the three boys Jim runs _ _ the other _ boys 5. Miss Zhao came inThere was a smile on her face Miss Zhao came in _ a smile _ her face 6. I hope I can see him as soon as I can I hope _ _ him as soon as _ Exercise51. She was worried and the librarian was worried, too. (改为同义句) She was worried and _ _ the librarian.2. She was surprised to find him at the concert._ _ _, she _ him at the concert.3.He went to bed at twelve last night.He _ _ to bed _ twelve last night.4.Jim runs the fastest of the three boys.Jim runs _ _ the other _ boys.5.Lucy was born in 1989. So was kate.Lucy is _ _ _ Kate.6.Kate had little bread for breakfast. (改为反意疑问句)Kate had little bread for breakfast, _ _?7.Bruce does everything very carefully. (改为感叹句)_ _ Bruce does everything!8.You cant write on the desk. (改为祈使句)_ _ on the desk.9.How often does Tom write to his parents? I want to know. (改为含有宾语从句的复合句)I want to know _ _ Tom _ to his parents.10. “Can you drive me to the office building?” she asked me. (改为含有宾语从句的复合句)She asked me _ I _ drive _ to the office building.Exercise61. We can store a lot of information in the computer. (改为被动语态)A lot of information _ stored in the computer. 2. The Summer Palace is a very beautiful park. (改为感叹句)_the Summer Palace is!3. He doesnt speak French. She doesnt speak French, either. (用neither.nor 改写句子)_ he nor she_French. 4. The little boy spent two hours in doing his homework. (用It take sb. 句型改写句子)It _ the lit