初中英语形容词的原级、比较级、最高级最详讲解及习题

初中英语教辅讲义初中英语教辅讲义 1 初中专项 形容词的比较级和最高级初中专项 形容词的比较级和最高级 一 常见的形容词的比较级和最高级的构成一 常见的形容词的比较级和最高级的构成 1 规则变化 单音节和部分双音节的形容词一般在词尾加 er Eg calm calmer tall taller smart smarter 以字母 e 结尾的直接在词尾加 r Eg nice nicer fine finer large larger 以 辅音 y 结尾的词 变 y 为 i 再加 er Eg early earlier happy happier busy busier 以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词 双写辅音字母 再加 er Eg big bigger thin thinner hot hotter 多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加 more Eg popular more popular important more important 2 特殊变化 原级比较级最高级 goo wellbetterbest many muchmoremost bad badly 坏地 worseworst littlelessleast oldOlder 年龄 elder 辈份 oldest eldest farfarther 距离 further 深奥的 farthest furthest 二 形容词原级比较级最高级的用法二 形容词原级比较级最高级的用法 1 原级 讲述某人 物自身的情况时 用原级 基本句型是 主语 sb sth 谓语动词 very too so quite rather 形容词 副词原级 如 He is very old now 他现在很老了 They ran quite fast 它们跑得相当快 The weather looks rather bad 天气看上去相当糟 I am so happy 我是如此的快乐 表示两者之间没有差别时 使用句型 主语 第一个人物 谓语动词 as 形容词 副词原级 as 第二个人物 如 He is as excited as his younger sister 他和他妹妹一样兴奋 Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady 莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢 They picked as many apples as the farmers did 他们摘 的苹果和农民一样多 练习 他和我一样高 He is as tall as I me 英语和语文重要 English is as important as Chinese 他的头发和我的头发一样长 His hair is mine 他学习和你一样努力 He works hard you 表示第一个人比不上第二个人时 使用句型 主语 第一个人物 谓语动词 否定式 as so 形容词 副词原级 as 第二个人物 如 He is not so as excited as his younger sister 他没他妹妹那么兴奋 Lily did not ride her bike so as slowly as an old lady 莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢 They didn t pick so as many apples as the farmers did 他们摘的苹果不如农民多 练习 这辆车不像那辆车一样贵 This car expensive that one This car is than that one 初中英语教辅讲义初中英语教辅讲义 2 That car is than this one 今天没有昨天暖和 Today warm yesterday Yesterday than today 2 比较级 讲述两者有差异 第一个人物超过第二个人物时 用比较级 基本句型 主语 A 谓语动词 much a little even still 形容词 副词比较级 than 第二个人物 B 如 A modern train is much faster than a car 现代的火车比轿车快多了 This book didn t cost me more than that one 这本书花费我的钱不比那本多 练习 Tom 比我胖 Tom is fat than me 他的头发比我的短 His hair is short than He has short hair than 注意比较对象的一致性 英语比语文重要 English is important than Chinese 我来的比你晚 I come late than you 副词的比较级 He is much well today It s much expensive He is very well today It s too expensive 讲述两者有差异 第一个人物不及第二个人物时 用比较级 句型是 主语 A 谓语动词 less 多音节形 副 比较级 than 第二个人物 B 如 I think English is less difficult than maths 我认为英语不比数学难 Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language 你认为学外语不那么重要吗 一般的形容词或副词的比较级前面可以加 much a little even still 而表示数量的 more 之前还 可以加 some any no one two many several a lot 等词 如 It is much colder today than yesterday 今天比昨天冷多了 Would you like some more coffee 你还要些咖啡吗 He did not eat any more 他没有再吃 more than less than 分别可以理解为 多于 少于 相当于副词 more than over less than under 如 I lived in New York for more than four months 我在纽约生活了四个多月 在两者之间选择哪一个更 用比较级 Which Who A or B 谁跑得快些 Lucy 还是 Lily Who runs Lucy or Lily 如 Who has more books Lin Tao or Han Mei 林涛和韩梅谁的书最多 Which is the heaviest a pig a horse or an elephant 猪 马 象哪个最重 如果在两者之间表示 最 时要在比较级前加 the 而且还用 of the two of the pair 短语 如 约翰是两个男孩子中较聪明的一个 John is the cleverer of the two boys Of the two boys John is the cleverer 这支手表是两个中比较便宜的 This watch is of the two 比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构 表示具体 大多少 小多少 长多少 短 多少 等 练习 我比他大两岁 I am two years he 这个建筑比那个建筑高 20 米 This building is 20 meters that one 比较级 and 比较级 表示 越来越 练习 天气越来越冷了 It s getting and cold 比赛越来越有趣 The game is interesting 初中英语教辅讲义初中英语教辅讲义 3 注意 多音节形容词用此句型时 要用 more and more 形容词原级 而不能用 more beautiful and more beautiful The 比较级 the 比较级 表示 越 就越 练习 越多越好 The the 他越忙就越高兴 he is he feels 用 twice 等表示倍数的词 as 原级 as 表示甲是乙的几倍 用 twice 等表示倍数的词 比较级 than 表示甲是乙大几倍 这间房是那间房面积的两倍 This room is as big as that one This room is bigger than that one 注意 在英语中 两倍用 twice 而不用 two times 三倍以上用 three four times 同义引申高 high tall long etc 注意 以上句型中 如果动词是及物或不及物动词 则后面用副词 如果后面是连系动词 则 后面用形容词 如 This car is the fastest of the four 形容词 这辆汽车是四辆之中最快的 This car runs the fastest of the four 副词 这辆汽车是四辆之中跑得最快的 3 最高级 表示三者或三者以上 人或物 的比较 其中有一个超过其他几个或最突出的一个时 用最 高级 形容词最高级前要加 the 副词最高级前常省略 the 后面通常带 of in 短语来说明 比较的范围 of 后的名词或代词表示与主语属同一类 in 表示时间或空间范围 句型是 主语 sb sth 谓语动词 the 形容词 副词最高级 in of 如 The Changjiang River is the longest in China 长江是中国最长的河流 He jumped the highest of the three boys 三个男生中他跳得最高 练习 在我们班上他最高 He is tall our class 玛丽是这三个学生中最小的 Mary is young the three students 形容词最高级的前面常有 the my 等形容词性物主代词 China s 名词所有格 最高级前 不加 the 练习 This is day 这是我最忙的一天 Jack is friend 杰克是吉姆最好的朋友 The Changjiang River is river 长江是中国最长的河流 在 which A B orC 句中 表示三者或三者以上比较 Which is the biggest the sun the moon or the earth 太阳 月亮 地球 哪一个最大 形容词最高级表示 最 之一 时 可用 one of the 最高级 复数名词 Edison was one of the greatest inventors in the world 爱迪生是世界上最为大的发明家之一 the 序数词 最高级 表示 第几个最 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China 比较级和最高级的同义句转换 He is the tallest boy in his class He is taller than any other boy in his class He is taller than any of the other boys in his class 初中英语教辅讲义初中英语教辅讲义 4 He is taller than any of the others in his class He is taller than all the other boys in his class He is taller than the other boys in his class He is taller than anyone else in his class 上下文中含有 both either neither two twins 等表示两个事物的词时 用比较级 而且往往还要 加 the 含有 all none no one every 等表示三个或三个以上事物时 用最高级 如 Do you like the smaller one Neither 小一点的那个你喜欢吗 一个都不喜欢 Which do you like best All of them 你最喜欢哪个 全部 三 几点注意三 几点注意 1 要避免将主语含在比较对象中 China is larger that any country in Asia China is larger than any other country in Asia China is larger that any country in Europe 2 要注意对应句型 遵循前后一致的原则 上海的人口比北京的人口多 The population of Shanghai is larger than Beijing The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing 我们的教师比他们的明亮的多 Our classroom is brighter than A them B their C theirs Exercise1 一 出下列单词的比较级 1 tall 2 quiet 3 funny 4 heavy 5 thin 6 big 7 outgoing 8 wild 9 little 10 good 11 bad 12 many 二 单选题 1 Tina is than Linda A shortB more shorterC shorterD shortter 2 This question is than that one A easyerB more easy C easy D easier 3 I m younger than her A a fewB a littleC littleD few 4 My friend is the same me A toB asC with D in 5 The girl is as as her mother A beautifulB more beautifulC beautifuleD more beautifuler 6 Lily is of the two A tallerB tallestC the tallerD tall 7 The box is heavier than that one A muchB very C more D so 三 同义句 1 He is 14 years old His friend is 12 years old His friend is he 2 Our bikes are not the same as theirs 初中英语教辅讲义初中英语教辅讲义 5 Our bikes are theirs 3 He is healthier than his friend He of the two 4 The girl is smarter than her classmates The girl is smarter than in her class 5 He is less popular than her He is not popular her She is than him Exercise2 一 单选题 1 He feels today than yesterday A tired B more tired C more tireder D much tired 2 Of the two toys the child chose A the more expensive one B one most expensive C a least expensive D the most expensive of them 3 The line is than that one A more longer B not long C much longer D many more longer 4 The book is of the two A thinner B the thinner C more thinner D the thinnest 5 She looks than she does A the more older B very older C much older D more older 6 The garden is becoming A more beautiful and more B more beautiful and beautiful C more and more beautiful D more beautiful and beautifuler 7 hurry speed 越急越慢 欲速则不达 A More less B Much little C The more the less D The much the little 8 The earth is the moon A as 49 times big as B 49 times as bigger as C 49 times as big as D as big as 49 times 二 填空 1 This bag is a little heavy than that one 2 Mr Smith is a good teacher He always helps us to learn math 3 Dave is quiet than most of the kids in his class 4 Of the two girls I find Lucy the clever 5 Gold 黄金 is little useful than iron 铁 6 My sister is two years old than I 7 Tom is outgoing than any other boy in his class 8 The short one is expensive than the long one 9 The cheap bags are the not usually the best ones 10 The boy is not so interesting as his brother 11 Dick sings well she sings well than John but Mary sings well in her class 12 She will be much happy in her mew house 13 This dress is that twice as as expensive 三 翻译句子 1