TED演讲：学校扼杀了学生的创造性

tedted 演讲 学校扼杀了学生的创造性演讲 学校扼杀了学生的创造性 英国人 爵士 国际知名的创新 创造力与人力资源专家 他是一名激情的演讲家 广受欢迎 善于以诙谐 激情与机智 的方式传递深奥的知识 他告诉全世界的受众 在全球经济的 新形势下 商业 教育与组织的需求如何变化 下面是小编为 大家收集关于 ted 演讲 学校扼杀了学生的创造性 欢迎借鉴 参考 中英对照演讲稿中英对照演讲稿 good morning how areyou its been great hasnt it ive been blown away by the whole thing infact im leaving there have been three themes running through the conferencewhich are relevant to what i want to talk about 早上好 还好吗 很好吧 对不对 我已经飘飘然了 我要飘 走了 笑声 这次会议有三个主题这三个主题贯穿会议始终 并且 和我要谈的内容有关 one is the extraordinaryevidence of human creativity in all of the presentations that weve had and inall of the people here just the variety of it and the range of it 其中之一就是人类创造力的伟大例证 这些例证已经体现在 之前的演讲当中以及在座各位的身上 从这些例证中我们看到 了创新的多样化 和多领域 the secondis that its put us in a place where we have no idea whats going to happen interms of the future no idea how this may play out 第二点 这些创新也让我们意识到我们不知道未来会发生 什么 完全不知道 未来会如何 i have an interest ineducation actually what i find is everybody has an interest in education dont you i find this very interesting if youre at a dinner party and yousay you work in education actually youre not often at dinner parties frankly 我对教育感兴趣 事实上 我发现每个人都对教育感兴趣 难道不是吗 我发现这很有趣 如果你参加一个晚宴 你说 你在 教育部门工作坦白的讲 如果你在教育部门工作 事实上你不 会经常参加晚宴 if you work in education youre not asked and youre never askedback curiously thats strange to me but if you are and you say to somebody you know they say what do you do 所以你不会被问及你是做哪行的 你永远不会被问到 很 奇怪 但是如果你被问及 他们问 你从事什么行业 and you say you work ineducation you can see the blood run from their face theyre like oh mygod you know why me my one night outall week but if you ask abouttheir education they pin you to the wall 你说你在教育部门工作 你会发现他们涨红了脸 那意思好 像是 我的天啊 为什么让我碰上 整整一周我才出来一次 但如果你要他们谈谈他们的受教育经历 他们会把你 钉到墙 上 because its one of those thingsthat goes deep with people am i right like religion and money and otherthings so i have a big interest in education and i think we all do we have ahuge vested interest in it partly because its education thats meant to takeus into this future that we cant grasp 因为这些事情都涉及 个人的隐私 对吗 比如宗教信仰 薪水 等 我对教育特别感兴趣 我认为我们都是如此 我们对此有巨 大的既得利益 部分因为教育旨在 将我们带入我们无法掌握 的未来 if you think of it children startingschool this year will be retiring in 2065 nobody has a clue despite all theexpertise thats been on parade for the past four days what the world willlook like in five years time 大家想想 今年入学的小孩 2065 将退休 没人知道会怎样 虽然过去四天会议进程里都是关于这方面的专业讨论 但我们 还是无法预知这个世界 五年后的样子 and yet were meant to be educating them for it so the unpredictability i think is extraordinary and the third part ofthis is that weve all agreed nonetheless on the really extraordinarycapacities that children have their capacities for innovation 这就是为何我们要让这些孩子接受教育 我认为正是未来 的不确定性决定其非同寻常 第三点就是我们都认同一个观点 这些孩子的特别之处正是他们的创新能力 i mean sirena last night was a marvel wasnt she just seeing what she could do andshes exceptional but i think shes not so to speak exceptional in the wholeof childhood what you have there is a person of extraordinary dedication who found a talent 我觉得昨晚 sirena 的表现令人惊奇 对吗 她很出色 但 是我认为她在孩提时代时没显得与众不同 现在的教育提倡的 是一个有奉献精神的老师能发现一个天才学生 and my contention is all kids have tremendous talents and wesquander them pretty ruthlessly so i want to talk abouteducation and i want to talk about creativity my contention is that creativitynow is as important in education as literacy and we should treat it with thesame status 但我认为 所有孩子都是伟大的天才 而我们却无情地扼 杀了他们的才能 所以我想谈谈教育和 创造力 我认为创造 力和文化知识在教育中占同样比重 所以这两方面我们应同等 对待 thank you that was it by the way thank you very much so 15 minutes left well i was born no i heard a great storyrecently i love telling it of a little girl who was in a drawing lesson 谢谢 而且 非常感谢 还剩 15 分钟 我出生于 说错了 最 近我听到一个很不错的故事 我很愿意讲讲这个故事 说的是 一个小女孩正在上绘画课 she was six and she was at the back drawing and the teacher said this girlhardly ever paid attention and in this drawing lesson she did the teacherwas fascinated she went over to her and she said what are youdrawing 小女孩只有六岁她坐在教室的后排 正在画画 而她的老 师评价她几乎从不 注意听讲 但在绘画课上她却听得很认真 老师饶有兴趣地走过去 问她 你在画什么 and the girl said im drawing a picture of god andthe teacher said but nobody knows what god looks like and thegirl said they will in a minute 她说 我画的是上帝 老师说 可是没人知道上帝长 什么样 这时小女孩说 他们马上就能知道上帝的样子了 when my son was four inengland actually he was four everywhere to be honest if were being strictabout it wherever he went he was four that year he was in the nativity play do you remember the story 我儿子四岁时在英国 实际上他那会儿在哪都四岁 严格地 说他四岁那年在哪个国家记不清了 只记得他四岁那年 去演舞 台剧 基督诞生 你们记得那部剧的情节吗 no it was big it was abig story mel gibson did the sequel you may have seen it nativity ii but james got the part of joseph which we were thrilled about we consideredthis to be one of the lead parts 应该记不得 情节太长 故事太长 梅尔 吉布森演过那 部剧的续集 你们也许看过 叫 基督诞生 ii 我儿子 james 在那部舞台剧里演 joseph 我们为此很兴奋 我们以为 那是个主要角色 we had the place crammed full of agents int shirts james robinson is joseph he didnt have tospeak but you know the bit where the three kings come in they come in bearinggifts gold frankincense and myrrh this really happened 我们给观众们发了 t 恤 上面印着 james robinson 扮演 joseph 他的角色不一定有台词 剧情是 三个国王拿着礼物走进 来 他们分别拿着黄金 乳香精油 没药精油 演出开始了 we were sitting there and i think they just went out of sequence because we talked to thelittle boy afterward and we said you ok with that and he said yeah why was that wrong they just switched the three boys camein four year olds with tea towels on their heads 我们坐在观众席上 我认为他们应该按顺序出场 演出结 束后我们对 james 说 你们刚才演的对吗 他说 对啊 怎 么了 哪错了吗 其实他们把剧情改了 他们是这么演的 三 个小演员出场 四岁的小家伙们头上戴着擦杯子用的毛巾 and they put these boxes down and the first boy said i bring you gold and the second boysaid i bring you myrrh and the third boy said frank sentthis 他们放下手上拿的盒子 第一个孩子说 我带来了黄金 第二个孩子说 我带来了没药精油 第三个孩子说 frank 带来了这个 what these things have incommon is that kids will take a chance if they dont know theyll have a go am i right theyre not frightened of being wrong i dont mean to say that being wrong is the same thing as being creative 以上例子的共同点就是孩子们愿意冒险 对于未知的事物 他们愿意去尝试 难道不是吗 即使尝试的结果是错误的 他 们也不惧怕 当然 我并不认为错误的尝试等同于创新 what we do know is if yourenot prepared to be wrong youll never come up with anything original ifyoure not prepared to be wrong and by the time they get to be adults mostkids have lost that capacity 但我们都知道 如果你不打算做错误的尝试 你永远不会创 造出新东西 如果你不想让孩子们做错误的尝试 等他们长大 了 多数孩子就会丧失创新的能力 they have become frightened of being wrong andwe run our companies like this we stigmatize mistakes and were now running national education systems where mistakes are the worst thing you can make and the result is that we are educating people out of their creative capacities 那就会使他们也变得惧怕错误的尝试 这种情况也存在于 公司经营方面 我们不能容忍任何错误 这就使得现在的教育 体系成为最不能容忍错误的领域 这样做的后果就是我们的教 育体制正在扼杀孩子们的创造力 甚至可以说 是我们所受的 教育让我们丧失了创造力 but something strikes you when you move to america and travel around the world every education system on earth has the same hierarchy of subjects every one doesnt matter where you go 但搬到美国后 有些事使我印象深刻 如果你周游世界 你 会发现每个国家的教育体系都存在相同的学科等级制度 没有 例外 不论哪个国家 youd think it would be other wise but it isnt at the top are mathematicsand languages then the humanities and at the bottom are the arts everywhereon earth and in pretty much every system too theres a hierarchy within thearts 你认为也许会有例外 但没有 排在最前面的学科是数学 和语言 接下去是人文学科 艺术排在最后 世界上所有国家 都是如此 而且相同的还有就是在艺术学科范围内也有等级制 art and music are normally given a higher status in schools than dramaand dance there isnt an education system on the planet that teaches danceeveryday to children the way we teach them mathematics 通常学校把美术课和音乐课看的较重要 然后是戏剧课和舞 蹈课 没有哪个国家的教育体系 天天安排舞蹈课 但却每天都 安排数学课 why why not i thinkthis is rather important i think math is very important but so is dance children dance all the time if theyre allowed to we all do we all have bodies dont we did i miss a meeting 为什么 为什么不呢 我认为舞蹈课很重要 我认为舞蹈课 和数学课同样重要 如果有允许 孩子们会不停地跳舞 我们 也一样 我们都有体会 对吗 if you were to visiteducation as an alien and say whats it for public education i think youd have to conclude if you look at the output who really succeeds bythis who does everything that they should 如果你以一个外国人的身份来参观我们的教育体系 带着 这样的问题 公办教育的目的是什么 那么当你看到我们的教 育体系产业化的发展 我相信 你就会明白 是谁在真正从中受 益 是谁被教导着该做什么不该做什么 who gets all the brownie points who are the winners i think youd have to conclude the whole purpose ofpublic education throughout the world is to produce university professors isnt it 是谁得了满分 谁是第一名 关于公办教育的目的 我想 你会得出这样的结论 世界上所有的公办教育 都以培养大学教 授为目的 难道不是吗 theyre the people who come out the top and i used to be one so there and i like university professors but you know we shouldnt hold them up as the high water mark of all humanachievement 因为大学教授是象牙塔尖上的人 我也曾是一名大学教授 也是塔尖上的人 我倾慕大学教授的学识 但 我们不应该用这 样一个头衔作为衡量一个人成功与否的分水岭 theyre just a form of life another form of life but theyrerather curious and i say this out of affection for them theres somethingcurious about professors in my experience not all of them but typically they live in their heads 其实大学教授只是 360 行中的一行 只不过他们比较好求 知 我这样说不是因为对他们的倾慕 在我看来 大学教授 有个特点 虽然不是共性 但很典型 他们只用脑子生活 they live up there and slightly to one side theyredisem bodied you know in a kind of literal way they look upon their body as aform of transport for their heads dont they its a way ofgetting their head to meetings 而且偏重于大脑的一侧 用书面语来说就是 他们脑体分离 他们只是把身体当作 大脑的载体而已 难道不是吗 笑声 这 个载体可以载着大脑去开会 if you want real evidenceof out of body experiences get yourself along to a residential conference ofsenior academics and pop into the discotheque on the final night and there you will seeit grown men and women writhing uncontrollably off the beat 如果你想亲身体验 你就去参加一次会议 学术研讨会 然 后在会议结束后再去迪厅蹦迪 笑声 在那你会看到 成年男 女在不和乐拍地疯狂摇摆 waiting until it ends sothey can go home and write a paper about it our education system ispredicated on the idea of academic ability and theres a reason around theworld there were no public systems of education really before the 19thcentury 期待夜晚的结束好回家写篇关于蹦迪的论文 注重培养学 术能力的观点根植于我们的教育体系之中 形成这种状况还有 个原因 所有国家的教育体系在最初建立时 也就是在 19 世纪 之前 那时教育还不是公共事业 they all came into being to meet the needs of industrialism so thehierarchy is rooted on two ideas number one that the mostuseful subjects for work are at the top 那时建立教育体系 是为了满足工业化发展的需要 所以 有两点基本的等级原则 第一点 对工作最实用的科目是最重 要的科目 so you were probably steered benignly away from things at school when you were a kid things you liked on thegrounds that you would never get a job doing that is that right dont domusic youre not going to be a musician dont do art you wont be an artist 这样就能轻易地避开孩子们喜欢的科目 从小就不让他们 碰触 理由就是 不这样学就找不到工作 对吗 别玩音乐了 你成不了音乐家 别画画了 你成不了艺术家 benign advice now profoundly mistaken the whole world is engulfed in arevolution and the second isacademic ability which has really come to dominate our view of intelligence because the universities designed the system in their image 这些温和的忠告 筑成现在的大错 全世界都被卷入了工业 革命的热潮 第二点 学术能力已经成为 衡量好学生的主要 标准这种标准是那些大学自己制定的 if you think ofit the whole system of public education around the world is a protractedprocess of university entrance and the consequence is that manyhighly talented brilliant creative people think theyre not 只要你思考一下就会发现整个教育体系 不论哪个国家的公 共教育都是一种按部就班的程序 最终目标是为了考入大学 造 成的后果就是许多很有天才的有创造力的学生被钝化了 because thething they were good at at school wasnt valued or was actually stigmatized and i think we cant afford to go on that way 因为这些学生发现他们的专长在学校 并不受重视甚至还受 到蔑视 我认为我们不能再这样扼杀孩子们的天才了 by the way theres ashaft of nerves that joins the two halves of the brain called the corpuscallosum its thicker in women following off from helen yesterday this isprobably why women are better at multi tasking because you are arent you 大脑本来就是 由神经来连接左脑和右脑 这个连接部分叫 胼胝体 女性大脑中的这个部分比男性的要厚 昨天听了 helen 的演讲受到启发 我认为 脑部特征可能使女性更善于应对头绪 纷乱的事情 对吗 theres a raft of research but i know it from my personal life if my wife iscooking a meal at home which is not often thankfully 虽然关于这方面的研究有很多 但我对于这方面的了解其 实 于我的亲身体验 我妻子在家做饭时 感谢上帝 她不 常做饭 no shes good at somethings but if shes cooking shes dealing with people on the phone shestalking to the kids shes painting the ceiling shes doing open heart surgeryover here 虽然她不擅厨艺但很擅长其他一些事 不过她做饭时总是 打打电话 和孩子们说说话 给天棚刷刷漆 还在旁边做开胸 手术 if im cooking the door is shut the kids are out the phones onthe hook if she comes in i get annoyed i say terry please im tryingto fry an egg in here give me abreak 而我做饭时就会关上厨房门 不让孩子们进来打扰 不打 电话 这时如果我妻子进来我会很生气 我会这样对我妻子说 terry 我在煎鸡蛋 请你别打扰 actually do you know that old philosophical thing if a tree falls in a forest and nobody hears it did it happen remember that old chestnut i saw a great t shirt recently which said if a man speaks his mind in a forest and no woman hears him is he still wrong 大家都知道那句有哲理的话 如果森林里有棵树倒了可没 人听到 那是否意味着没发生过 记得这句话吗 最近我看到 一件很棒的 t 恤 上面印着 如果一个男人说出他的心声 却 是在森林里说的 而且没被女人听到 那应该不算犯错吧 and the third thing aboutintelligence is its distinct im doing a new book at the moment called epiphany which is based on a series of interviews with peopleabout how they discovered their talent 培养好学生的第三个原则就是 个性化 我目前在写本书 书名叫 顿悟 素材来自一些 访谈 访谈内容是关于怎样 发现 自身的才能 im fascinated by how people got to be there its really prompted by a conversation i had with a wonderful woman who maybemost people have never heard of gillian lynne have you heard of her somehave 对于这点我很感兴趣 激发我写这本书的原因是一次对话 我采访了一位很优秀的女士 也许很多人 没听说过这个人 她 叫 gillian lynne 你们知道这个人吗 应该有人知道吧 shes a choreographer and everybody knows her work she did cats and phantom of the opera shes wonderful i usedto be on the board of the royal ballet as you can see anyway gillian and ihad lunch one day and i said 她是一个舞蹈编剧所有人都知道她的作品 她编舞的作品 有 猫 歌剧魅影 她很有才华 我在英国看过由皇家 芭蕾舞团演出的她的作品 你们也看过她的作品 有一次 我和 gillian 吃午饭 我问她 how did you get to be a dancer it was interesting when she was at school she was really hopeless and the school in the 30s wrote to her parents and said we think gillian has alearning disorder she couldnt concentrate she was fidgeting gillian 你是怎样成为舞蹈家的 她回答说 说起来很有意思 她上学的时候 觉得自己完全没有希望 她上学那会儿是 1930 年代 老师给她家长写信说 我们认为 gillian 患有学习 障碍症 她无法集中注意力 她老是坐不安生 i think now theyd say she had adhd wouldnt you but this was the 1930s and adhdhadnt been invented at this point it wasnt an available condition people werent aware theycould have that 用现在的话讲 那意思就是 她有多动症 你们也这么想吧 但 那时候是 1930 年代 多动症 这个词还没出现 那个老师用 词不当 那时候人们还不知道用 多动症 这个词 what i think it comes tois this al gore spoke the other night about ecology and the revolution thatwas triggered by rachel carson 现在 我想说的是 al gore 曾在这里做过一次演讲 内容 是关于生态学以及 rachelcarson 引发的那次环境保护运动