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一、词汇Words1.join attend, join, join in, take part in attend 指参加会议,仪式,婚礼,上学,上课,听报告,听演讲,听音乐会等attend a lecture / a party / a meeting / a class ; attend school/ churchjoin 指参加某个团体,组织或党派,参加到某个人群中,而成为其中的一员。其后常接the army, the team, the club, the party, sb. 等 join (sb.) in (doing) sth. (和某人)一起做某事,参与正在进行的活动。join in 后的宾语一般是表示竞赛,娱乐,游戏等活动的名词。join in 与 take part in 有时可以换用,都指参加某一群体性活动。 批注:初中学习过的参加如何表达?join/join in有什么区别?我们今天再学习两个新的表达方式:attend, take part in. 初中我们学习过一个单词:attention,不知道你有没有发现这个词与attend很像呢?没错!attend(v)attention(n)attentive(adj) 此外我们还学习过很多以-tion结尾的名词其形容词形式以tive结尾。你能想起哪些呢?自己总结。actionactive imagination-imaginative即学即练。May I _ your conversation? When did your brother _ the army?Could I _ you _ thanking todays speaker?Im going to the theatre tonight. Would you like to _(me)?Keys: join in; join; join, in; join2.fantastic 3.couldnt stop 在某些情况和语境下两者可交换使用但如果非要探个究竟的话,你可以这样理解:cant stop doing:表示不能停止做某事,表示这件事正在发生,并是在一直发生例如:Seeking. You cant stop doing it. 探索 ,你不可能停下来。cant help doing:表示情不自禁要去做某事,有点个人主观色彩在里面例如:I cant help doing anything for you, not asking for return, only because I love you. 我可以为你做任何事,不需要回报,仅仅因为我爱你。Cant help to do 不能帮助做某事6. magic 7. through the ride8. hurry in a hurry hurry to do In a hurry的用法 People often lose things when theyre travelling or when theyre in a huarry. 人们在旅行中或匆忙时常丢东西。 in a hurry的意思是“匆匆忙忙地”,是一个介词短语, 2.hurry动词短语用“hurry up”来表示“赶快,赶紧”, 还有“(theres) no hurry”,意思是“不忙,不必着急, 有充裕时间”。 e.g. We must hurry up if we want to be there on time. 如果想准时到那里的话,我们就必须动作快点。 There is no hurry, so do it slowly and carefully. 不必赶时间,要慢慢地,认真地完成任务。9. way 的相关短语 In the way On the way By the way The way to do In this way In that gramme n.节目;(演出或活动)程序【解析】programme可用作名词或动词。用作名词时,意为“节目;(演出或活动)程序;计划”等。如:Did you see that programme about India last night? 昨晚你看了关于印度的那个节目了吗?What is your programme for today? 今天你有些什么计划?典例讲解【练一练】根据汉语提示,完成句子。今晚电视上会有一个有趣的节目。There will be _ _ _ on the television tonight.答案:an interesting programme批注:这个单词的用法相对比较简单,但是要提醒学生拼写的时候注意单词里面有两个“m”。11.abroad adv.在国外,到国外【解析】abroad常作副词,放在动词的后面,意为“到国外,在国外”。at home and abroad表示“在国内外”。如:Are you going abroad for your holiday? 你打算去国外度假吗?My uncle has been living abroad for more than ten years. 我的叔叔在国外住了十几年了。The Chinese Kung Fu is popular both at home and abroad. 中国功夫在国内外都很流行。abroad还可作名词,意为“异国;海外”,多与介词from连用。如:They have just returned from abroad. 他们刚从国外回来。典例讲解【练一练】根据汉语提示,完成句子。玛丽下个月将要出国留学。Mary will _ _ next month.答案:study abroad批注:这个单词的用法比较简单,常跟“go”在一起用,但是要提醒学生注意拼写,容易和“board(木板)”混淆。12. check vt.核实,查明【解析】check作动词,意为“核实,查明”。check in表示“(在旅馆、机场等) 登记;报到”;check out表示“结账离开”;check up on表示“查证,核实”。如:Please check it and sign here. 请核对一下,在这里签个字。You must check in an hour before the plane leaves. 你必须在飞机起飞前一小时办理登机手续。Guests should check out of their rooms by noon. 客人必须在中午以前办理退房手续。I need to check up on a few things before I decide. 在做决定前,我得核实几件事情。check也可作名词,意思是“检查”。如:Could you give the tyres a check? 你能检查一下轮胎吗?典例讲解【练一练】根据提示,完成句子。 After enjoying the delicious dinner, we _ from the restaurant. A. checked in B. checked out C. check up on D. have checked out 我已经核对了你的答案,全部正确。 I _ _ your answers and all of them are correct.答案: B have checked批注:帮助学生总结一下与“check”有关的短语,让学生集中记忆,在考试中经常会出现类似的短语辨析。13.experience n.经历【解析】experience作可数名词,意思是“经历”;作不可数名词,意思是“经验”。如:Our journey by camel was quite a fantastic experience. 我们骑骆驼旅行是一次非常奇妙的经历。He wrote his book from his own experiences. 他以个人经历写成了这本书。Have you had any experience in teaching English? 你有教英语的经验吗?experience还可作动词,意为“经历;体验”等。如:The Red Army experienced all kinds of difficulties. 红军经历了各种困难。We have all experienced what hardships mean. 我们都亲身体验过艰苦二字的意义。典例讲解【练一练】根据汉语提示,完成句子。 对他来说,这次地震是一次非常难忘的经历。 The earthquake is quite _ _ _ for him. 我从没经历过在雨中漫步。 I _ never _ _ walking in the rain.答案: an unforgettable experience have; experienced of批注:这个单词作为名词既可以表示可数名词,也可以表示不可数名词,学生比较容易混淆,所以在一开始讲解的时候就要提醒注意experience在句子中的具体意思来判定是否可数。14. for example / such as【辨析】从结构上看,for example与后面常用逗号隔开,而such as则不用。从用法上看,for example是举例说明,所举的例子一般是同类人或物中的“一个”,作为插入语,也可以是句子。而such as中由于as是介词,后面接名词或名词性短语,往往是同类人或物中的几个。从位置上来说,for example的位置较灵活,可位于句首、句中或句末。而such as只能位于名词或名词性短语的前面。如:For example, twice two is equal to four. 例如,二加二等于四。Many great people, for example, Lincoln, have risen from poverty.= Many great people have risen from poverty, Lincoln, for example. 许多伟人从贫苦中崛起,如林肯。Sally likes fruits very much, such as apples, oranges and strawberries. 萨莉非常喜欢水果,例如苹果、橘子和草莓。典例讲解【练一练】用for example或such as填空。 I like most ball games, _ football, basketball, volleyball, and so on. Noise, _, is a kind of pollution.答案: such as for example批注:这两个短语的意思基本上一样,主要让学生掌握一下,这两个短语在句子中的不同位置,并且从结构上看,for example与后面常用逗号隔开,for example一般只举同类人或物中的一个为例;而such as一般用来列举同类人或物中的几个例子,有时候还会把这两个词与like进行区分,15.exciting / excited / excitement【辨析】三个词都是由动词excite派生出来的。excited和exciting是形容词,前者意为“激动的,兴奋的”,一般用人作主语,后者意为“使人激动的,令人兴奋的”,一般以物作主语。excitement为名词,意为“激动,兴奋”。如:The children were excited about visiting the Science Museum. 参观科技博物馆使孩子们很激动。It is the most exciting football match that I have ever watched. 它是我曾经看过的最使人激动的足球比赛。The old man told us about his past with excitement. 那个老人激动地告诉我们关于他的过去。典例讲解【练一练】用excited, exciting或excitement填空。 How _ it is to enjoy the beautiful view of the country! The good news brought us great _. The _ people cheered up when the stars appeared on the stage(舞台).答案: exciting excitement excited 批注:这三个词都是excite派生出来的,首先从词性上面判断,前两个是形容词,前者主语多为物,后者主语多为人。让学生回顾一下跟这类似的词语。而 excitement则是以“ment”结尾的名词,可以帮助学生一起回忆一起一下名词的后缀有哪些。16.later Late Latest17. 系动词:18. a couple of 一对,几个I saw a couple of men get out.A couple of minutes Couple 夫妇young couple19. at the end of In the end At the beginning of At the beginning From the beginning to the end20. how longHow oftenHow soon1、how soon,一般用于将来时态,意思为“多久之后”,侧重某人某事能多快时间完成.后面回答用: in+” 如“intwodays”“infiveyears”例如: A:How soon will he be back? 他要多久才回来?B:In an hour. 1 小时以后。2、how long,表示多长时间,主要用来对一段时间(如three days, four weeks 等)提问例句:A:How long did he stay here? 他在这儿呆了多久?B:About two hours. 大约两小时。How long 还表示“东西有多长”如:A: How long is the river? 这条河有多长?B: About 50 km. 大约50千米。3、How often,它是一个对频率提出问题的疑问词,表示“多少时间一次或每隔多久” 比如:once a week, three times a week(month 、year)例如:A:How often do you play table tennis? 你们多久打一次球?B:Once a month. 每月一次。知识点补充:How far 的意思是多远,一般引导提问路程、距离的特殊疑问句 例:How far is it from your home to school? 你家到学校有多远? 练习题对划线部分提问1、It took me three hours to do my homework._ _ _ _ _ _to do _ homework?2、He will come here in ten minutes._ _ will he _ _?3、Mary visits her parents once a week._ _ _ _ _ her parents?4、It is five miles from the bookshop to the bus station. from bookshop to the bus station?5、There are two apples in my bag._ _ apples _ _ in _ bag?6、The line is about six meters ._ _ is the line?7、“_willheleavehere?”“Hewillleavehereinamonth”A.Howoften B.Howlong C.Howsoon D.Howmanytimes8.“_doeshewatchTV”“Onceaweek.”A.Howlong B.Howsoon C.Howoften D.Howmany9Idontknow_hewillgethere.A.howlong B.howsoon C.howoften D.howmany10.“_doeshetakethismedicine?”“Twiceaday.”A.Howsoon B.Howlong C.Howmuch D.Howoften11.“_haveyoubeenatthisfactory?”“Ihavebeenheresince1993.”A.When B.Howlong C.Howoften D.Whattimea12.“_canyoufinishthiswork?”A.Howoften B.Howsoon C.Howlong D.Howfar13.“_willhestayhere?”A.HowmanytimesB.Howoften C.whattimeD.Howlong14._doesyoursisterwritetoyourparents?A.Howmany B.Howoften c.Howlong D.Howfar15._doesittakeyoutofinishyouhomeworkeveryday?A.Howlong B.Howoften C.Howsoon D.Howmuch答案:1、How long did it take you /your 2、How soon/come here3、How often does Mary visit 4、How far is it 5、How many /are there /your 6、How long 7、C 8、C 9、B 10、D 11、B 12、B 13、D 14、B 15、A21. be back Be in Be out二、重要句型Important Sentences structures(一)1.- Where are you going? 你要去哪儿? - Im going on a trip to South Hill. 我要去南山旅游。 知识点一:现在进行时表示将来 指点迷津 这两句都表示将要做某事,一般用将来时态,但因为句中的动词是go,所以可用现在进行时表示将来的概念。英语中,表示“位置移动”的动词(又叫“趋向动词”)常用现 在进行时表示将来,这类动词主要有go,come,leave,move,fly,drive,die等。 - Come here,Eddie. 埃迪,过来一下。 - Im coming,Hobo. 我就来,霍波。 Mr Green is flying to Nanjing tomorrow. 格林先生明天将飞往南京。 典例讲解 ( )(2010铜仁)- Jack is busy packing luggage(行李) - Yes. He _for America on vacation. A. leaves B. left C. is leaving D. has been away 知识点二:go on在句中的用法 指点迷津 go on在句中意为“进行,从事”,后面跟名词。 Can you go on a holiday with us next time? 下次你能和我们一起去度假吗? We are going on a hike next week. We are going hiking next week. 下周我们将去远足。典例讲解 ( )We will _a picnic tomorrow. A. go to B. go on C. go into D. go by答案:C B 批注:在讲解用现在进行时表将来的用法时,帮助学生回忆一下上学期学过的用一般现在时表将来的用法。2.Ive been there many times我已经去过那儿很多次了。 知识点:have been在句中的用法 指点迷津 have been there意为“去过那儿”,指去了又回来了。第三人称单数形式是has been there。地点为名词时要用have been to结构。 I have been to Nanjing twice. 我去过南京两次。 典例讲解 ( ) (2010菏泽)My friend Li Xiao knows my home town very well because he _ there many times with me. A. has been B. has gone C. had gone D. went答案:A 批注:这个句型中主要讲了have been to的用法,表示说话人去了某地而现在已经回来了,主要与have gone to的区别。Here is the letter. Here is one for you.全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有:1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。例如: Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。 Here is your letter. 你的信。2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。例如: Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。 Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐着一个老妪。 注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如:Here he comes. 他来了。Away they went. 他们走开了。典例讲解49. Look! . A. There does Jane come B. There comes Jane C. There is Jane coming D. Jane is there coming3. My parents and I are having a really fantastic time here. 我的父母和我在这儿玩得真的特别开心。 知识点一:英语中人称的顺序 指点迷津 句中的“My parents and I”不能改为I and my parents,因为英语中人称的顺序与汉语不同,单数人称的顺序是:第二人称、第三人称、第一人称;复数人称的顺序是:第一人称、第二人称、第三人称。 Tom and I are good friends. 汤姆和我是好朋友。 We,you and they are all good students. 我们、你们和他们都是好学生。 拓展 在接受批评、承认错误时都按第一人称、第二人称、第三人称的顺序。 - Who broke the window of the classroom? 谁打坏了教室的窗户? -I and Millie. 我和米莉。 典例讲解 ( )Mr Green told _to clean the classroom. A. you, Jim and I B.19 you and Jim C. you, Jim and me D. Jim, you and me 知识点二:have a fantastic time的用法 指点迷津 have a fantastic time相当于have a good/great/nice/wonderful time或enjoy oneself,意为 “玩得高兴,过得愉快”。 I think you will have a great time at the party. 我想你在聚会上会玩得很开心的。 典例讲解 ( )The party is a great success. Weve _time. A. has a great B. had good C. had great D. had a good 答案:C D 批注:关于人称顺序的用法这是初一的时候就涉及到的知识点,可以利用口诀的形式帮助学生记忆。如“单数2,3,1;复数1,2,3。但是在接受批评、承认错误时都按第一人称、第二人称、第三人称的顺序。5.It moved at high speed, and we were screaming and laughing through the whole ride. 它以高速行驶,整个途中我们都在尖叫和大笑。 知识点一:at high speed的用法 指点迷津 at high speed意为“以很快的速度,高速”,通常在句中作状语,也可以作表语;反义短语是at low speed。 The train flashed by at high speed. 火车疾驰而过。 The population of China is growing at low speed. 中国人口在缓慢增长。典例讲解 ( )In the past twenty years, China has developed _high speed. Ain Bon Cat Dto 知识点二:speed的用法 指点迷津 speed n速度。常用短语为at a speed of,意为“以的速度”。 The train is travelling at a speed of 180 kilometres an hour. 火车正以每小时180公里的速度行驶着。典例讲解 The _(速度)of the car was so frightening.答案:C speed 批注:这个知识点中主要掌握一下与speed相关的短语即可。Hope youve enjoyed yourself there这是一个省略句,省略了主语I , 完整的句子应该是I hope that youve enjoyed yourself there. 在一些非正式的行文中,比如日记,卡片,便条,信件,常常会省略主语,使句子更简洁Hope to hear from you.另外,祈使句也常常省略主语 You what do you think was the best part of the day?do you think 作插入语的用法用于混合疑问句中。混合疑问句指特殊疑问句一般疑问句 do you think相当于一个一般疑问句 混合疑问句的句式: 特殊疑问词do you think(或其他表示心里活动的词)陈述语序“陈述语序”非常重要。 What can I do?是一个特殊疑问句,如果中间插入do you think则后面必须改为陈述语序What do you think I can do ? 因此do you think并不是是插入语。因为它影响句子的语序,上面的例子只不过是凑巧 what是句子的主语,所以语序没变而已插入语六大用法小结在英语学习中
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