中考英语阅读必备

中考阅读理解必备中考阅读理解必备 中考阅读理解考察分析 长沙地区中考主要分客观单选和主观回答问题两大板块 客观单选以细节题为主 考察学生文中找答案的能力 同时考察少量的推理判断题和主旨题 回答问题同样是考 察学生找答案的能力 不太需要学生自己组织语言 但要注意句子的时态和句子的基本结 构 主要是谓语的时态和主谓一致 中考阅读理解出题特点和注意事项 1 题目一般遵循文章段落的先后顺序排列 2 先阅读题目和选项 找出题干和选项中的关键词并作出记号 包括重点的名词 形容词 动词和否定词 同时对选项中的不同点进行标注 3 带着关键词阅读文章 在关键词处重点阅读 英语阅读题型和解决方案 主旨大意题 主旨大意题主要是考察学生对文章的中心思想的把控和提炼 属于考察难度较大的 一种题型 但在中考中一般只考察 1 2 题 具体特点和解决方法如下 1 常见题干提问方式 1 What is the main idea of this passage 2 What does this passage mainly talk about 3 From the passage paragraph we can learn that 4 The best title for this passage is 5 The writer want to tell us that 6 The passage paragraph is mainly about 7 The main purpose is to 二 解题方法 干扰选项的特点 伤心绝对 常见表否定的词有 never not useless hardly seldom little few no none nobody nothing 等 表绝对肯定的词有 all must always 最高级 片面武断 把文中某段的观点或者细节作为选项 无中生有 文章中有提到选项中的某个词 但是没有文中没有阐述选项中的观点 如 正确选项的特点 具有一定的总结性 看上去有点深奥 另外文章的标题正确选项常会在 文章中多次提及 而错误选项只会在某段出现 阅读重点 阅读时注意文章的首段和尾段 以及各段的首句所包含的信息 细节判断题 细节判断题 细节判断题是中考考察重点 至少占 80 的题量 主要考察学生对文章某些 细节的把握 或以原文出现 或对文中细节进行同义或近意修改 做题步骤 一 定 定题干和选项中的关键词 主要是实词 包括名词 动词和形容词 二 比 比较选项中的不同点 并作出标记 注意选项中的否定词 三 选 读文章 根据关键词和选项的不同点进行正确选择 注意数字题 一般要 求学生进行简单计算 细节题考察主要包括一般细节题 when why how what 等 正误判断 which is true right not true 以及 except 题 干扰选项的特点 1 张冠李戴 把 A 做的事按在 B 头上 2 无中生有 文中没提及 但容易让学生根据常识想当然 3 答非所问 文中有原文 但是不是问题所涉及的答案 4 偷换概念 与文中的细节相反或者把修改细节的某个点 故做题时请注意一定要立足于文章 可适当结合常识 不要想当然 细心就能解决问题 正误判断题考察一般涉及到整篇文章中的各种细节 所以先看选项作出关键词的标注尤为 重要 读文章时看到关键词出现即做好记号 为最后做题做好准备 可避免需要重复看文 章而浪费时间 词义猜测题 词义猜测题是考察学生对文中的某个词或句子意思的猜测 一般考察 1 2 题 主要 是上下文的分析能力 其答案的线索通常在本句或前后 1 2 句中出现 需要学生自己分析 我们应该分析什么呢 注意事项和解决方法如下 一 代词的解决方法 首先看清代词的单复数 如 it they 等 代词指代的一定 是前文出现过的人或事 是单数就看前文的单数名词 复数则看前文中的复数名词 如 2014 连云港 Besides every holiday Katherine makes something called net gift certificate with the help of her friends and brothers On each l0 dollar certificate there is a message It explains that a bed net would be sent to Africa When more certificate orders come Katherine gets help from students in her school 2 In Paragraph 4 It refers to A a 10 dollar note B a gift certificate C an organization D a message 2014 滨州 In the past children were taught their parents wishes and look after them in their old age 3 In the forth paragraph the underlined word them refers to 指的是 A modern parents B the five fathers on the show C the parents in the past D the children in the old days 2014 广州 First I had to get the kids to sleep That was never easy at any time and tonight it was even more difficult The eldest one wanted to know why we left the party early I told him 10 30 pm was not early As usual I read them a bed time story but I had to stop myself reading too quickly or they would learn my secret 2 The underlined word they in Paragraph 3 refers to A thieves B parentsC childrenD neighbours 二 形容词和副词的解决方法 形容词和副词一般是描述人或物的性质 看清形容词或副 词所形容的对象 所以重点放在前后句中主语发出的动作和行为 同时周边的形容词和副 词也要注意 如 2014 河北 Children do not have much experience or knowledge However they are natural dreamers We should not laugh at them for being naive Many great men were dreamers when they were children One such dreamer was Thomas Edison He used to be ostracized 排斥 when he was in primary school but his achievements were greater than everyone else s in his time 4 The underlined word naive in the passage means in Chinese A 逆反的B 幼稚的C 调皮的D 冲动的 2014 广州 Here is a case that shows the benefits of animals John was a six year old mute He had no physical problems He just refused to talk 2 The underlined word mute in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to A a person who speaks slowlyB a person who does not speak C a person who cannot hearD a person who enjoys talking 2014 泰安 The woman in the house my father s distant cousin was a terrible cook and her food was inedible 2 The underlined word inedible is closest in meaning to A too bad for him to eat B nice to look at C not enough to eat D as delicious as usual 2014 泰安 Harish Chaturvedi a lawyer teaches people yoga for free even the poor people can learn from him 3 The underlined phrase for free in the passage means A 快乐地 B 自由地 C 免费地 D 规律地 三 名词的解决方法 首先注意文中的连词 and 和 or 并列的词可以是意思想同的也可 能是相对的 but however 一定是表示相对的 关注前后句的名词和动词 短语 如 2014 达州 Recently scientists have studied the migration of a kind of lobster 龙虾 Every year when the season of the bad weather arrives the lobsters get into a long line and start to walk across the floor of the ocean 4 The underlined word migration in the passage means A 迁徙 B 习性 C 运动 D 寻觅 2014 湖北咸宁 A Bite of China 2 shows a greater dream through homemade food it tells the joys and sorrows of common Chinese in changing times according to director Chen Xiaoqing of the documentary series 4 What does the underlined word sorrows mean in Chinese A 故事 B 伤害 C 快乐 D 悲伤 2014 扬州 In her diary Anne wrote down her thoughts her feelings her hopes and her dreams for the future I want the diary to be my friend and I m going to call this friend Kitty 2 According to the passage Kitty is A her diaryB her elder sister C her motherD her hiding place 2014 南京 Destruction of the world s rain forests is a serious problem Unluckily rain forests are disappearing at a rate of 80 acres per minute 3 The word Destruction in paragraph 2 probably means the process of being A destroyed B developed C described D discovered 2014 兰州 For example sunglasses are not just fashion but they can also serve as a great way to protect your eyesight from UV rays 4 What do the under words UV rays mean A 沙土 B 闪电 C 紫外线 D 超声波 2014 长沙 Now Jason still faces many hardships in life but he will make you believe that you can do what he has done Never be afraid of any difficulty Jason often encourages others in his speeches 3 What does the underlined word hardships mean in this passage A 成就B 贫穷C 困难 2014 滨州 I ran quickly to my house to call 119 and then I rang my neighbor s doorbell knocked at the door but there was no response 1 The underlined word response can be replaced 代替 by A result B answer C question D key 2014 菏泽 Anybody can grow older That doesn t need any talent or ability To grow up you must always find the opportunity in change 3 The underlined word talent in the third paragraph means in Chinese A 训练 B 方法 C 途径 D 才能 四 动词的解决方法 考察动词意思时 首先要高清动作的发出者和承受着 然后主要通 过前后句中的动词 短语 和名词来进行判断 如 2014 扬州 Andy pulled out her phone to contact her husband Jason but he didn t respond She knew that if she didn t carry the dog down the mountain he would die 2 What does the underlined word respond in Paragraph 4 mean A Pull B Contact C Speak D Answer 2014 鄂州 He was so successful that his arm started to recover its normal color When the grey had disappeared completely he started feeling happy again 2 The underlined word recover means in Chinese A 转变 B 进化 C 变异 D 恢复 2014 北京 Teens would like to spend more time doing things with their parents but watching TV is not counted as spending time together As your teens mature it is important for you and your teens spend time alone together one to one 2 The underline part counted as in Paragraph 3 probably means A compared with B used as C connected with D regarded as 2014 山西 After the visitor is welcomed into the house he is offered a seat and water at the very beginning because the host assumes that the visitor must have come from a very long journey and need water 1 The underlined word assumes here probably means A thinks B remembers C disagrees D follows 2014 重庆 In this book she pointed out that the use of some kinds of pesticides 杀虫剂 like DDT would cause the number of birds to decline because it would kill them as well 3 The Chinese meaning of the word decline in this passage is probably A 增加 B 减少 C 维持 D 翻番 2014 河南 A single teacher would typically 典型地 have students in the first through eighth grades and she taught them all The number of students varied from six to 40 or more The youngest children sat in the front while the oldest students sat in the back The teacher usually taught reading writing arithmetic history and geography Students memorized 记忆 and retold their lessons 1 What does the word varied in the Paragraph Two mean in Chinese A 变化 B 排列 C 调整 D 减少 推理判断题 推理判断题是细节和主旨两种题型的一种综合体 难度最大 故考察量很小 常只考 察一题 主要结合上述两种题型的特点和解决办法 其特点和注意事项如下 1 常见题干提问方式 主要包括 infer 推断 imply 暗示 learn from 了解到 1 It can be inferred from the passage that 2 From the passage we can infer 推断 3 What can we learn from the passage 4 We can learn about from this passage 5 The passage implies that 6 作者的态度和文章的出处 干扰选项的特点 1 偷换概念 选项中的观点与文中的相反 2 无中生有 文中有提及选项中的某个词 但观点却脱离文章 想当然 3 过于细节 文中能找到的原句不会是正确答案 做此类题时先阅读选项定关键词和判断正误题一样重要 回原文定位时省时省 力 附 2015 长沙中考卷阅读分析 2015 年长沙中考阅读分析 第一节 阅读理解阅读下列图表 从每题所给的 A B C 三个选项中 选出最 佳选项回答或完成句子 A 难度 English Teachers Wanted Dear Sir Madam Our school set up in 2012 is a high school Now there is an urgent 迫切的 need for English teachers We have posted 发布 our advertisement on our websi te You can visit http www wenhuaschool com or call Alex at 845 6789 for more information If you are interested please send your resume 简历 to us an d we will reply as soon as possible You should love teaching speak fluent 流利的 English be good at computer skills have good communication skills 41 How can you get more information about the advertisement A By visiting the website of Wenhua school B By calling Mike at 845 6789 张冠李戴 C By sending your resume to the school 答非所问 42 Which of the following is not required according to the advertisement A Good computer skills B Good communication skills C At least three year teaching experience 无中生有 B 难度 Missing since June 3 2015 Produce young 2 years old curly hair shy Last seen Wuyi Square Please contact 联系 Sarah 839 6722 sarahcs Please do not run after the dog It may run in fear Lost and found items 物件物件 will be displayed 陈列陈列 in the school hall On Friday June 15 2015 During lunch 12 30 1 30 Parents If you know that your child has lost something please remind 提醒 him or her You are also welcome to have a look 43 What is Poodle like A It s brave 无中生有 B It s lovely 无中生有 C It s shy 44 From the chart 图表 above we know that A Poodle was lost two years ago 偷换概念 B we can call Sarah or email her if we find Poodle C parents are not allowed to look at the display on June 15 2015 偷换 概念 45 How long will the display last 需要计算 A Half an hour B An hour C Two hours 第二节 短文理解 阅读下列短文 从每题所给的 A B C 三个选项中 选出最佳选项回答问题或完成句子 共 15 小题 计 30 分 A 难度 China is a nation of etiquette 礼仪 Chinese people are among the mosth ospitable people in the world If foreigners visit a Chinese family they would be surprised at the warmth that they would receive as guests When you visit a Chinese family the host usually makes tea for you The n he will serve you snacks 小吃 like biscuits or candy Someone in the famil y will also chat with you never letting you feel lonely At the same time other family members will prepare a meal for you Chi nese people treat 款待 their guests with a big meal They always present mo re food than the guest can eat On the table the guests must be the first to e at Perhaps one of the things that surprises a western guest most is that the C hinese host likes to pick food for visitors which won t happen at western tabl es The Chinese family go out of their way to make you feel at home As yo u are done eating the host usually says It seems that you didn t eat much Pl ease have more Although you tell them you are full they still put more foo d in your bowl Being warm and hospitable has long been an important part of Chinese cu lture and tradition As Confucius 孔子 said thousands of years ago To meet friends from after How happy we are 46 What does the underline word hospitable mean in this passage A 好客的 B 勤劳的 C 朴实的 47 As a guest in a Chinese family you are usually offered by the host A coffee and snacks 无中生有 B juice and snacks 无中生有 C tea and snacks 48 Why does a western visitor feel surprised when the host picks food for him A Because he thinks it s not polite 无中生有 B Because he thinks it s not necessary 无中生有 C Because it won t happen in western countries 49 What the Chinese family do for the guests is to A make them feel at home 无中生有 B show their wealth C make them feel uncomfortable 偷换概念 词义猜测 50 What s the meaning of the words by Confucius at the end o f the passage A 学而时习之 不亦悦乎 B 有朋自远方来 不亦乐乎 C 人不知而不愠 不亦君子乎 B 难度 Li Ting 15 from Shanghai was preparing a talk on some western festival s She searched online for certain information and made PowerPoint presentatio ns 展示 Wu Qiong her classmate was doing his chemistry homework carefully B ut he couldn t work out the last problem even he tried his best So he took o ut his mobile phone opened a special app 应用软件 and searched the proble m Answers soon appeared on the screen in several seconds Nowadays many students do homework online with the help of the Interne t like Li and Wu They search information online use apps or discuss through QQ and Wechat It s convenient You don t have to wait for your teacher to explainit to yo u face to face According to Wu You can also learn by seeing how others w ork them out What s more it improves students abilities And it s especially true for new kinds of homework I am quite skilled at finding information onli ne and using Microsoft Office However this trend 趋势 also causes problems Some lazy students just copy the answers online without thinking Even some ask their classmates to d o homework for them And their teachers don t know the fact Anyhow knowing how to use the Internet is important The key is to hav e good self control When you come across 遇到 a difficult problem think ab out it by yourself first Be sure to understand the reasons behind the answers after you have turned to the Internet or you won t make progress If you are not sure about your self control ask your parents for help 51 Both Li Ting and Wu Qiong used the Internet to A play games 无中生有 B search information C take exams 无中生有 主旨题 52 Paragraph 4 is mainly about of doing homework with the hel p of the Internet A the advantages B the disadvantages C the problems 无中生有 53 Which problem is NOT mentioned in Paragraph 5 A some students only copy the answers online B some cheat their teachers by asking their classmates to do homework f or them C Nobody is able to finish their homework now without the Internet 无 中生有 54 is the key to using the Internet to study A Self respect 无中生有 B Self control C Self development 无中生有 55 In this passage the writer wants to tell us that A the Internet can be a good helper if we use it properly B the Internet has made all the students lazy 伤心绝对 C it s not necessary to learn to use the Internet 伤心绝对 C 难度 Have you ever heard of e waste electric waste 电子垃圾 which can be produced every day How do you deal with your computers MP4 players and mobile phones when they re broken or you want a new one Most people just throw them away With the development of electric ind ustry e waste pollution has become a serious problem According to the Unite d Nations in 2014 people around the world produced 41 8 millio