2012高中英语 情态动词（Modal Verbs）教案 外研版必修2

用心 爱心 专心 1 情态动词 情态动词 ModalModal VerbsVerbs 一 概念和特征 表示说话人对某一动作或是状态的态度的动词 情态动词具有一定的词义 但不能独立作谓 语 要和后面的动词原形一起作谓语 它没有人称和数的变化 具有助动词的作用 即用来 构成否定句 疑问句及用于简单回答 二 类型 1 只用作情态动词的 must can could may might ought to 2 既可作情态动词也可作实义动词的 need dare 3 可作情态动词也可作助动词的 shall should will would 4 具有情态动词特征的动词短语 have to used to would rather had better 三 用法 1 Can Could 表示能力 相当于 be able to Can you speak English He could swim when he was 5 Can 只能用于一般现在时和一般过去式 而 be able to 可用于各种时态 She has been able to play the piano for 3 years 表示征求意见 许可 could 比 can 的语气要委婉 相当于 may Can I smoke here Yes you can No you can t She asked whether she could smoke here You can go with us if you like 表示推测 can 比 could 可能性大 用于肯定句 否定句 疑问句均可 Accidents can happen on such rainy days It can t be true Can could V 原形表示对现在的状态特征推测 Can could be doing 表示对正在进行的动作的推测 Can could have done 表示对过去的推测 He can t be at home now He can be studying now He could have gone to school It s Sunday 但是情态动词表示推测时其反义疑问句应根据动词的实际事态而变化 could have done 本能够 本可以 You could have borrowed my car I wasn t using it You could have come earlier 表示说话人的惊异 怀疑 不相信的态度 主要用于否定句 疑问句和感叹句中 Can he be working till so late How can you be so careless 2 May Might 表示征求意见 请求和许可 May I smoke here Yes you may No you mustn t d better not can t You may smoke 表示推测 may 可能性比 might 大 不如 can 语气强烈 可能也许 通常用于肯定句中 用心 爱心 专心 2 may might v 原形表示对现在的状态特征推测 may might be doing 表示对正在进行的动作的推测 may might have done 表示对过去的推测 At present there may be some problems They might have lots of work to do now but I m not sure This might be done by Tom Let s speed up They may be waiting for us 表示祝愿 用于倒装句 May 主语 动词原形 May you succeed May he live to 100 years May you have a good life may might as well V 原形 最好 不妨 还是 的好 It s too late You might as well not go 3 Must 表示说话人主观看法及强烈劝告 一定要必须 同 have to 只用于现在或将来 但是 have to 表示客观条件环境迫使必须 可用于各种时态 mustn t 表示禁止 用以告诉别人 不要做什么 don t have to 和 needn t 都是不必没有必要用以回答 must 提问的疑问句 You must have a passport if you want to go aboard You can go out with your friend but you must come back before 11 at night I can t see clearly so I have to wear glasses Must I do it now Yes you must No you needn t don t have to 表示推测 通常用于肯定句中 一定 很有把握 语气最强烈 其否定形式为 can t couldn t Must V 原形表示对现在的状态特征推测 Must be doing 表示对正在进行的动作的推测 Must have done 表示对过去的推测 He must be ill I can see it from his face Something must be burning I can smell it Someone must have entered this room yesterday for my books have been moved 表示偏要 固执 He must come and ask her questions when she was busy As I was about to start to work the telephone must phone 4 Need 表示 需要 或 必须 作为情态动词时没有人称和数的变化 多用于疑问句和否定句 中 肯定句中用 must have to ought to should You needn t explain Need I take money Yes you must No you needn t 作为实义动词时有人称和数的变化 后面要跟带 to 的不定式 I need to go to Beijing this Sunday to attend a book fair Do I need to leave my telephone number and address needn t have done 表示本没有必要做某事 I needn t have bought so much wine only three people came 5 Dare 用心 爱心 专心 3 表示 敢 作为情态动词时没有人称和数的变化 多用于疑问句和否定句中 过去式为 dared How dare you say I m not fair I daren t stay at home alone at night You will be punished if you dare break the rule 作为实义动词时有人称和数的变化 后面要跟带 to 的不定式 This student doesn t dare to raise questions in class Do you dare to drive a car on such a crowed street I dare to swim in the river 6 Shall 用于第一 三人称疑问句中表示征求意见或请求 Shall we put off the sports meet until next month Henry is waiting outside Shall he come in now 用于二 三人称陈述句中表示说话人的命令 警告 威胁 决心或许诺等感情色彩 You shall get an answer tomorrow If you do something wrong you shall be punished Nothing shall stop me 7 Should 作为 shall 的过去式用于第一 三人称疑问句中表示征求意见或请求 Mr Li asked if he should get his permit tomorrow 表示义务职责或是给别人提出建议 应该 相当于 ought to 但没有 ought to 语气强烈 ought to 否定形式为 ought not to 或 oughtn t to 其一般疑问形式要将 ought 放在主语 前 I think today s children should learn to respect their elders You ought to apologize to Joan 表示说话人的感情色彩 如惊奇 愤怒 失望等 竟然 I m surprised they should refuse our invitation 表示很大的可能性 应该 They should arrive now should have done 本应该做某事 You should have invited me to your wedding but you for got 8 Will Would 表示请求 would 语气更加委婉 Will you come this way please Would you open the window please 表示意志 愿望 决心 I won t do that again He said he would fight against AIDS will 表示习惯性动作 总是 惯于 would 表示过去经常习惯做同 used to used to 的否定和疑问形式都有两种 分别借助于 did 和 used Fish will die out of water The old man is strange He will sit for hours without saying anything You will regret if you lose such a good chance After dinner he would sit around Grandpa listening to his stories 用心 爱心 专心 4 He used to be careless He usedn t to be careless