四川省英语中考复习专项训练：阅读理解（三） 说明议论类D卷

第 1 页 共 21 页 四川省英语中考复习专项训练 阅读理解 三 四川省英语中考复习专项训练 阅读理解 三 说明议论类说明议论类 D D 卷卷 一 一 阅读理解阅读理解 共共 1010 题 共题 共 8282 分分 1 8 分 阅读理解 It is a question that has confused parents for many years why do children refuse to eat greens Now two American experts believe they have the answer After studying dozens of babies as they played with various objects the researchers noted that they were far more unwilling to touch plants than other things They believe this is because evolution 生物进化 has biologically made children be wary of plants Due to susceptibility 敏感性 to illness or injury in the early years of life the body has designed an inner defence mechanism 内部保护机制 that limits a child s contact with plants they think The researchers believe this is why children turn their noses up when faced with a plate of broad beans The findings are published in a paper by Dr Annie E Wertz and Dr Karen Wynn both psychologists at Yale University They wrote Throughout human evolution plants have been important in human s life Yet for all of these benefits plants have always caused very real dangers Plants produce toxins 毒素 as defences that can be harmful or even deadly Some plants also produce physical defences such as thorns 荆棘 can damage tissues 组织 and cause effects over the whole body They added We predicted that babies may have behavioural strategies that reduce dangers caused by plants To test their theory the researchers studied how children aged eight to 18 months old reacted when presented with a variety of objects It took much longer for children to grab plants objects that were pretended to look like plants also caused a slow response time For parents attempting to spoon some peas into the mouth of their child this finding should come as welcome relief 第 2 页 共 21 页 1 The underlined word they in Paragraph 3 refers to A the parents B the researchers C the babies D the plants 2 What does the underlined word wary in the third paragraph mean A Curious B Afraid C Tired D Certain 3 What did early humans probably do in order to keep away from illness or injury A They choose to make more man made things B They didn t allowed their children to touch plants C They chose to have little contact with plants D They tried very hard to escape from the past 4 What was plants role in early human s life A They were important in spite of danger B They reacted badly to human evolution C They contributed to the most deaths and illness D They developed human physical defenses against dangers 5 What s the passage mainly about A Why some plants are harmful 第 3 页 共 21 页 B How humans react to plants C Why children don t like to eat greens D When children from behavioural strategies 2 8 分 阅读理解 Sharks frighten most of us but Daniel Weaver a shark scientist swims with them for a living We asked him some questions about this unusual job So Daniel what s it like to be a shark scientist Well it s a great job I often travel to faraway places like South Africa and Fiji to study sharks On the other hand a shark scientist sometimes does boring desk work such as writing reports Also shark scientists don t usually get paid a lot What qualities do we need to become a shark scientist Shark scientists need to be wise and strong They enjoy working outdoors and they have to be cool and patient They also have to be quite brave So do you think it s a dangerous job Well sharks have a lot of sharp teeth However sharks hardly attack humans There are over 400 kinds of sharks in the world but only about 10 kinds of them are dangerous to us In fact dogs kill more people every year than sharks Humans kill over 12 million sharks a year for food and sport How can we become a shark scientist A shark scientist usually studies Marine Science or Zoology at university It s also good to get some work experience in an aquarium 水族馆 In my opinion I have the best job in the world 1 questions were asked about Daniel s unusual job A Five B Two 第 4 页 共 21 页 C Three D Four 2 As a shark scientist Daniel A studies sharks in his neighbourhood B makes lots of money C swims with sharks for a living D only writes reports on sharks 3 According to Daniel one needs to be to become a shark scientist excited patient brave strong wise A B C D 4 The underlined words Marine Science and Zoology must be two at university A subjects B books C scientists D prizes 3 6 分 阅读理解 For most kids homework is just part of their daily lives but have you ever imagined that one day you won t need to do any homework at all Such a thing has just happened in a school in the UK Nottingham East Academy a school in the UK has established a non homework policy 政策 recently The school plans to give an extra lesson and provide more activities for students to do 第 5 页 共 21 页 at school So the students no longer need to do homework after class When the school announced this policy students parents and teachers were all shocked The school Nottingham East Academy is the country s largest school It has a total of 3 570 students Barry Day the president of the school thinks that homework is unnecessary and can easily cause argument both at home and at school He once told the local newspaper People give homework for children to do simply because they think it should be given Actually homework doesn t help with education at all Letting kids leave their homework at school is becoming popular in the UK Several other schools are welcoming the policy and are taking similar measures 措施 Tiffin Boy s school has started giving students less homework Students now spend less time on homework The time has dropped from two or three hours to just forty minutes a night Nottingham East Academy is asking students to read for pleasure with their parents at home instead 1 The underlined word established in the second paragraph probable means A 制定 B 抱怨 C 发表 D 取消 2 How much time does it take students to finish their homework at Tiffin Boy s school now A None B Two hours C Three hours D Forty minutes 3 According to the passage which statement is WRONG A Nottingham East Academy is larger than any other school in the UK B In the UK no school has announced a non homework policy so far 第 6 页 共 21 页 C Letting kids do their homework at school is popular in the UK D Reading after school is good for students 4 Barry Day thinks homework unnecessary because A most people don t think homework should be given B he doesn t think homework is helpful to education C homework taken students too much time D some schools welcome the policy 5 The best title for the passage is A Homework Is Necessary B Reading after School C Non Homework Policy D Amazing Advertisement 4 8 分 判断正误 正确选择 A 错误选择 B Want to say hello from Disneyland Send a post card Beautiful scenes of paradise 乐园 wild animals silly pictures you can find them all in one place Where On a post card Have people always sent post cards No Before post cards people liked sealed letters The idea for the first decorated 装饰 post card came to John P Charlton in 1861 He thought a simple card with decorations would be a great way to send a note Then in the late 1800s post cards with pictures appeared By law people had to write their note on the front on the picture The back was only for the address Several years later England allowed a divided back post card Then people could write their note on the back left side and put the address on the right During the early 1900s the golden age of post cards picture post cards became a craze of the world In 1908 Americans alone mailed over 677 million post cards Today post cards are the third most popular collection in the world after stamps and coins 第 7 页 共 21 页 1 We can see some silly pictures on the post cards 2 We can see some silly pictures on the post cards 3 Post cards were produced before sealed letters 4 Post cards were produced before sealed letters 5 In 1861 the first decorated post card appeared 6 In 1861 the first decorated post card appeared 7 Post cards were most popular during the early 1900s 8 Post cards were most popular during the early 1900s 9 Stamps coins and post cards are the most popular collections in the world 10 Stamps coins and post cards are the most popular collections in the world 5 10 分 In some science fiction movies evil robots refuse to die no matter how hard people fight back Now science fiction has become science fact For the first time scientists have made a robot that can take a beating and keep on going Scientists from Cornell University made the robot which looks like a spider with four legs Until now even the most advanced 先进的 robot was almost certain to break down when it was damaged 毁坏 That is because its computer inside simply doesn t know how to make the machine work after its shape has changed To deal with this problem the scientists put eight motors 发动机 and two sensors 传感器 that read how the machine is working They all give signals to the machine s software Using this information the computer can then figure out the machine s shape at any moment The new technology is a big advance in robot making scientists say and it s far from scary It may someday help scientists create better artificial 假的 arms and legs and give new freedom to people who lose them It might also help scientists understand how people and animals figure out their own sense of place in space 第 8 页 共 21 页 It has been difficult to design robots that can work well when the environment changes or when it s damaged says Olaf Sporns of Indiana University in US With this work we are nearer to solving this problem 1 Why do robots easily break down when they are damaged A They cannot repair themselves B The computer has changed a lot C They have no computers inside D The computer cannot work if the robot changes 2 The new technology 技术 allows the robot to A keep working after being damaged B tell people where it is C do house work for humans D remember a lot of information 3 The underlined word them in Paragraph 5 refers to A sensors B robots C scientists D arms and legs 4 How do the sensors in the robot work A They can replace the computer when it s broken B They help the computer learn the robot s condition C They can find out where the damage comes from D They can send signals to the person who uses the robot 第 9 页 共 21 页 6 8 分 In the most southern part of our planet there s a place that s covered with snow and ice all year round But it has the clearest and cleanest air Amazingly in this place the sun sometimes hangs even in the midnight sky This place is Antarctica 南极洲 the coldest windiest and harshest 恶劣的 place on the Earth As the world s least known place Antarctica is of great interest to scientists around the world In 1983 China joined the Antarctic Treaty 南极条约 The treaty made Antarctica a peaceful place for member countries to do scientific research During 30 years China has sent many scientists to Antarctica They mostly look at the resources under the icy land and do research about climate change and marine 海洋的 biology Antarctica is a place with fantastic views However life there is very hard Food is one of the biggest problems Frozen food which can be heated easily is people s daily food Fresh vegetables are hard to grow in the cold weather Therefore scientists often eat dried or canned vegetables Sleep is also troublesome In Antarctica summer lasts from November to March During this period Antarctica points to the sun and receives sunlight 24 hours a day In order to get some sleep scientists cover the windows with black plastic cloth to create night Working in Antarctica is dangerous especially when meeting gale force 七级以上的 winds Sometimes the wind is even stronger than a typhoon It can easily blow people away So there are ropes that connect buildings of some research stations People can hold these ropes to keep their balance in forceful winds What s more communicating with others is difficult Without cables and Internet in some research stations two way radios are the only tools to communicate If people want to say hello to friends and relatives they can use satellite phones Although it is challenging 挑战 to work in Antarctica scientists passion to learn about this mysterious land will never end It is hopeful that one day they will step every corner of this icy land 1 Scientists from China go to Antarctica to A find out ways to control water pollution 第 10 页 共 21 页 B research climate change and marine biology C grow plants and vegetables in special condition D stop the hunters from killing the marine biology 2 In order to sleep well in Antarctica the scientists have to A wear more clothes to keep warm B cover the windows with black cloth C connect research stations with ropes D eat more fried and canned vegetables 3 We can replace 替换 the underlined word passion in the last paragraph with A strong love B full preparation C pleasant introduction D amazing imagination 4 The passage is mainly about A view of the Antarctica B exploring the Antarctica C how to survive in the Antarctica D climate changes of the Antarctica 7 8 分 阅读理解 Without proper planning tourism can cause problems For example too many tourists can crowd public places that are also enjoyed by the local people of a country If tourists create too much traffic the local people become unhappy They begin to dislike tourists and to treat them impolitely They forget how much tourism can help the country s economy 经济 It is important to 第 11 页 共 21 页 think about the people of a destination country and how tourism affects them Tourism should help a country keep the customs and beauty that attract tourists Tourism should also advance 推进 the well being health and happiness of local people Too much tourism can be a problem If tourism grows too quickly people must leave other jobs to work in the tourism industry This means that other parts of the country s economy can suffer On the other hand if there is not enough tourism people can lose jobs Businesses can also lose money It costs a lot of money to build large hotels airports air terminals first class roads and other support facilities needed by tourist attractions For example a major international class tourism hotel can cost as much as 50 thousand dollars per room to build If this room is not used most of the time the owners of the hotel will lose money Building a hotel is just a beginning There must be many support facilities as well including roads to get to the hotel electricity sewers to handle waste and water All of these support facilities cost money If they are not used because there are not enough tourists jobs and money are lost 1 What is probably the reason if local people dislike tourists A Tourists come to enjoy the customs and beauty B Local people lose jobs C A lot of hotels are built D Too many tourists cause traffic problems 2 What can we do to solve the problems caused by tourism A Make plans properly B Help the country s economy C Build fewer hotels D Advance the well being of local people 3 If tourism grows too quickly 第 12 页 共 21 页 A businesses will lose money B other parts of the country s economy will make more money C local people will be happier D more local people will work for tourists 4 Support facilities needed by tourist attractions includes public places hotels airports roads electricity sewers A B C D 5 If the writer wants to add Paragraph 5 to the passage he may tell us A whether people need to build more hotels B whether people need to plan tourism properly C how to deal with the problems above D how to prevent tourism growing too quickly 8 8 分 阅读理解 Education is very close in my heart My father grew up in a very small village in China In those days not many villagers could read So my father opened a night school to teach them how to read With his help many people learned to write their own names with his help many people learned to read newspaper for the first time with his help many women were able to teach their children how to read As his daughter I know what education means to the people especially those without it after generations 几代人 of hard work China has come a long way in education I am a beneficiary 受益者 of that progress Otherwise I would never become a singer and a professor of music 第 13 页 共 21 页 Education is about women and the girls It is important for girls to go to school because they will become their children s first teacher someday In China Spring Bud Education Program 春蕾计划 has helped over 3 million girls go back to school Many of them have finished university education and they are doing well at work Education is about equality In poor countries and regions 地区 the number of school dropouts 辍学 is astonishing We call for more educational resources to these places Education is about the young people Young people are the future Education is important because it not only gives young people knowledge and skills but also helps them become responsible citizens Many years ago my father made a small difference in his village Together we can make a big difference in the world I was once asked about my Chinese dream I said I hope all children especially girls can have chances to get good education This is my Chinese dream I believe one day education first will no longer be a dream it will be a reality enjoyed by every young woman on this planet 1 What did the writer s father do in those days A He opened a bookstore B He opened a hospital C He opened a night school D He opened a supermarket 2 Why is it important for girls to go to school A Because they will become their children s first teacher someday B Because they love reading C Because they can learn how to write their own names D Because they can be smarter than boys 3 What s the number of girls who can go back to school with the help of Spring Bud Education 第 14 页 共 21 页 Program A 3 million B More than 3 million C Less than 3 million D Over 2 million 4 Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned A Education is about the young people B Education is about women and the girls C Education is about equality D Education is about money 5 Accord