高中英语 经典易错题会诊与试题预测 考点 阅读理解总复习

用心 爱心 专心 1 高中英语高中英语 经典易错题会诊与试题预测经典易错题会诊与试题预测 考点考点 阅读理解总复习阅读理解总复习 阅读理解阅读理解 总体概述总体概述 阅读理解是我们学习英语的主要目的之一 是我们获取外来信息的重要途径 阅读理解是 综合读者各方面知识的过程 通过阅读能看出作者的主要意图和文章的基调 从有关资料中 汲取有用的东西 对不重要情节或信息一带而过 根据阅读目的和材料的难易程度调整阅读 速度和方法 根据作者的描述得出自己的结论 掌握并利用语境猜测词的多种含义的 根据 阅读材料快速读懂图表 根据短文的内容填空等等 一 命题趋向一 命题趋向 1 阅读材料更趋向于真实性 实用性和教育性 关注实际生活的选材特点在近年的 NMET 阅读理解试题中已经呈现出明显的增强趋势 这 种趋势与当前基础教育的改革要求是一致的 中学生语言学习的根本目的应当与基础教育的 根本目标一致 即 学会求知 学会做事 学会合作 学会做人 真实性和适用性选材是适 应基础教育英语课程改革的目标而出现的 选材的教育性是基于阅读的第二层面而设立的 即考生不仅要懂得文章的意思 还要进行思考 2 问题的创设将会更加灵活多样 尤以整体理解和推理为主 阅读理解创设的问题大多不能按字面意思随手拈来 需要归纳 概括中心 推测作者意 图 挖掘深层含义 有些题目还要加以逻辑推理才能选择出正确答案 3 由猜测词义到对整个句子意义的理解将是一个新的命题热点 词义猜测题在近几年的阅读命题中屡见不鲜 一般是利用上下文 通过对应结构或平行 结构中同义词或反义词来进行判断 近年来考试突破了这个圈圈 命题者要求考生在对文章 的整体理解上来理解某个熟悉的词汇或短语在真实语境中新的含义 4 所选材料的结构复杂化 生疏但能读懂的短语和表达方式将达到一定的数量 英语新课程标准中 阅读理解的要求更高 在典型例题卷的阅读理解中就出现了许多考 生感到陌生的短语 如 B 篇中有 to look the otherway E 篇中的 in the great majority of 等 这些短语的出现在一定的程度上加大了难度 但符合 考试说明 的要求 也体现了 语言学习的适用性和灵活性 5 填空题 填空题则重在要求考生从文中获取信息 然后转述文章的内容 这不是抄袭照搬 它对 运用语言提出了较高的要求 可以说 填空题的能力要求在阅读题之上 填空题是考查学生 的阅读和书面表达的能力 复习的关键还是要加强基本功 二 提高阅读理解能力的途径二 提高阅读理解能力的途径 1 平时多阅读 如英文报纸 杂志 读物 这样可以培养良好的阅读习惯 克服对生词的恐惧心理 从 而达到提高阅读速度和阅读能力的目的 根据不同情况调整阅读速度 要知道在什么时候快 读 什么时候慢读 一般说来 对我们有用或重要的信息我们就要放慢速度 对我们不重要 的信息可以一带而过 这样才可以在整体上提高阅读速度 2 扩大知识面 要对社会 科学 文学 史地 艺术等多个领域特别是有关英美等国家的情况都要有所 了解 3 积累适合自己的阅读技巧和做题方法 在做题时做到有的放矢 4 扩大词汇量 有限的词汇量必然影响你的阅读能力的提高 生词的含义只有在上下文中才能完全展现 用心 爱心 专心 2 出来 并易于被记住 理解 掌握 同时还可以利用构词法记忆单词 这对于阅读是特别有 用 三 阅读理解试题的命题角度三 阅读理解试题的命题角度 历届高考阅读试题基本上可以分为五类 1 理解认定事实试题 2 猜测词义或短语试题 3 推理判断试题 4 归纳概括试题 5 填空题 一般来说 高考阅读理解试题的命题角度都 是从这几个方面来展开的 下面我们以部分英语高考试题的阅读理解部分来认识一下这些个 命题角度 1 1 典型例题典型例题 ChancesChances I really love my job because I enjoy working with small children and like the challenges and awards from the job I also think my work is important There was a time when I thought I would never have that sort of career 职业 I then found myself a job looking after two little girls I wasn t an excellent student because I didn t do much schoolwork In my final term I started thinking what I might do and found I didn t have much to offer I just accepted that I wasn t the type to have a career It wasn t too bad at first But the problems began when I agreed to live in so that I would be there if my boss had to go out for business in the evening We agreed that if I had to work extra hours one week she d give me time off the next But unfortunately it didn t often work out I was getting extremely tired and fed up because I had too many late nights and early mornings with the children One Sunday I was in the park with the children and met Megan who used to go to school wih me I told her about my situation She suggested that I should do a course and get a qualification 资格证书 if I wanted to work with children I didn t think I would be accepted because I didn t take many exams in school She persuaded me to phone the local college and they were really helpful My experience counted for a lot and I got on a part time course I had to leave my job with the family and got work helping out at a kindergarten Now I ve got a full time job there I shall always be thankful to Megan I wish I had known earlier that you could have a career even if you aren t top of the class at school 1 What is the author s present job A Working part time in a college B Taking care of children for a family C Helping children with their schoolwork D Looking after children at a kindergarten 2 When staying with the two girls family the author A was paid for extra work B often worked long hours C got much help from her boss D took a day off every other week 3 Why did the author leave her first job A She found a full time job 用心 爱心 专心 3 B She was fed up with children C She decided to attend a part time course D She needed a rest after working extra hours 4 What has the author learned from her own experiences A Less successful students can still have a career B Qualifications are necessary for a career C Hard work makes an excellent student D One must choose the job she like 试题分析试题分析 第 1 题考查考生对所读短文细节理解的能力 文章最后一段说明了 Now I ve got a full time job there 故选 D 第 2 题考查考生对所读短文作出简单判断和推理的能力 文中第三段说 尽管 she d give me time off the next 但是 it didn t often work out 因此 选 B 第 3 题考查考生阐述主旨事实和相关细节的能力 在朋友的劝说下 最终作者还是听从 了 第 4 题考查考生对作者的意图和态度的理解能力 本文作者从读书时的表现不优秀 从 而认为自己后来不会有自己的事业 到后来有了 career D 项最能说明主题 2 2 典型例题典型例题 1 What does Passage tell us about the boy A He was injured in the head when he was 14 B He has waited for the pay out for a long time C He has lived in the same place since the accident D He was run over by a taxi when riding on the pavement 2 What can we learn about Lee and Collier counties from Passage A They both became safe places B They won the same place in a race C They had the same number of accidents D They joined hands in reducing accidents 3 Which passage would give more information on the prevention of road accidents A B C D 试题分析试题分析 第 1 题考查考生阐述主旨的事实和相关细节的能力 George 出事时是 3 岁 而现在是十 四岁 等待这个判决的时间是够长的了 故选 B 第 2 题考查考生了解用以阐述主旨的事实和相关细节的能力 虽然事故次数是一样的低 21 但并没有说成为安全地方 所以选项 C 是正确的 第 3 题考查考生对所读短文作出简单判断和推理的能力 综合四则报导 只有 有对于 事故安全保护的介绍 所以 D 项是最佳答案 3 典型例题北 My teenage son Karl became withdrawn after his father died As a single parent I tried to do my best to talk to him But the more I tried the more he pulled away When his report card arrived during his junior year it said that he had been absent 95 times from classes and had six falling grades for the year At this rate he would never graduate I sent him to the school adviser and I 用心 爱心 专心 4 even begged him Nothing worked One night I felt so powerless that I got down on my knees and pleaded for help Please God I can t do anything more for my son I m at the end of my rope I m giving the whole thing up to you I was at work when I got a phone call A man introduced himself as the headmaster I want to talk to you about Karl s absences Before he could say another word I choked up and all my disappointment and sadness over Karl came pouring out into the ears of this stranger I love my son but I just don t know what to do I ve tried everything to get Karl to go back to school and nothing has worked It s out of my hands For a moment there was silence on the other end of the line The headmaster seriously said Thank you for your time and hung up Karl s next report card showed a marked improvement in his grades Finally he even made the honor roll In his fourth year I attended a parent teacher meeting with Karl I noticed that his teachers were astonished at the way he had turned himself around On our way home he said Mum remember that call from the headmaster last year I nodded That was me I thought I d play a joke but when I heard what you said it really hit me how much I was hurting you That s when I knew I had to make you proud 1 By saying Karl became withdrawn the author means that the boy changed entirely and A preferred to stay alone at home B lost interest in his studies C refused to talk to others D began to dislike his mother 2 There was silence on the other end of the line because A the speaker was too moved to say anything to the mother B the speaker waited for the mother to finish speaking C the speaker didn t want the mother to recognize his voice D the speaker was unable to interrupt the mother 3 The sentence he even made the honor roll means that A he was even on the list to be praised at the parenter teacher meeting B he was even on the list of students who made progress in grades C he was even on the list of students who had turned themselves around D he was even on the list of the best students at school 4 What is the main idea of this passage A Children in single parent families often have mental problems B Mother s love plays an important role in teenagers life C Being understood by parents is very important to teenagers D School education doesn t work without full support from parents 试题分析试题分析 第 1 题考查考生在上下文中猜测词 组 意义的能力 短文开始就讲述 My teenage son Karl became with drawn 接着 I tried to do my best to talk to him But the more I tried the more he pulled away 这就对 became withdrawn 作了解释 所以 C 项是最佳答 用心 爱心 专心 5 案 第 2 题考查考生对所读短文作出简单判断和推理的能力 根据文章第三段接电话的情况 以及文章最后一段中儿子对母亲说的话 就可以推断出 silence 的原因是 too moved to say anything to the mother 故选 A 项 第 3 题考查考生理解个别句子意义的能力 原文在 he even made the honor roll 下面 划了横线 根据上下文 应该理解成 上了学校优秀学生荣誉册 所以选择 D 项 第 4 题 考查考生对文章主旨要义的理解 答案是 B 项 从文章中出现的 sent him to the school adviser begged him felt so powerless got down on my knees pleaded for help I m at the end of my rope I m giving the whole thing up to you I choked up and all my disappoint ment and sadness over Karl came pouring out into the ears of this stranger I love my son but I just don t know what to do It s out of my hands 一连串的叙述中 我们看到的是一位平凡母亲的无私 伟大的母爱 4 4 典型例题典型例题 8 30 PM Outlook Outlook is back with a new series of reports to keep you up date with all that s new in the world of entertainment Stories go all the way from the technical to the romantic from stage to screen There will be reports of the stars of the moment the stars of the future and the stars of the past The director with his new film the designer with the latest fash ion and the musician with the popular song are part of the new Outlook The program is introduced by Fran Levine 9 009 00 PMPM DiscoveryDiscovery When a 10 year old boy gets a first class degree in mathematics or an 8 year old plays chess like a future grand master they are considered as geniuses Where does the quality of genius come from Is it all in the genes 基 因 or can any child be turned into a genius And if parents do have a child who might become a genius in the future what should they do In this 30 minute film Barry Johnson the professor at School of Medicine New York University sity will help you discover the answer 10 00 PM Science Health Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs The answer is yes according to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers After a study of 800 persons with high blood pressure they found that after 6 months those devoted to weight loss exercise and eating a low salt low fat food lost about 13 pounds and became fitter Plus 35 of them dropped into the normal category 范畴 This week Dr Alan Duckworth will tell you how these people reduce their blood pressure to a level similar to what s achieved with Hypertension drugs 1 The main purpose of writing these three texts is A to invite people to see films 用心 爱心 专心 6 B to invite people to topic discussions C to attract more students to attend lectures D to attract more people to watch TV programs 2 From Outlook you can get a great deal of information about A story tellers B famous stars C film companies D music fans 3 Who will be most probably interested in Discovery A Parents who want to send their children to a school of medicine B Children who are good at mathematics C Parents who want their child to become another Albert Einstein D Children who are interested in playing chess 4 In Science Health Johns Hopkins is A a famous university B a medical center C a well known doctor D a drug company 5 According to the third text which of the following has almost the same effect as Hypertension drug A Exercise plus a healthy diet B Loss of thirteen pounds in weight C Six months of exercise without drugs D Low salt and low fat food 试题分析试题分析 第 1 题考查考生对作者的意图和态度的理解能力 作者将电视节目预告单广而告之 就 是为了 to attract more people to watch TV programs 所以 D 项是正确的 第 2 题考查考生阐述主旨的事实和相关细节的能力 从 Outlook 广告中 我们所得知的 大量信息都与 famousstars 有关 所以 B 项是正确的 第 3 题考查考生能根据所读材料进行判断推理和引申的能力 希望自己的孩子成为 genius 是每个为人父母者的心愿 因此选 C 第 4 题考查考生根据上下文猜测词 组 意义的能力 根据广告 我们得知 John Hopkins 是 a medical center 所以选 B 第 5 题考查考生所读教材作出简单判断和推理的能力 广告中 those devoted to weight loss exercise and eating a low salt low fat food lost about 13 pounds and became fitter 一句可推断出 Hypertension drugs 具有相同效力的应该是 A 项 5 5 典型例题典型例题 The year is 2094 It has been announced that a comet 彗星 is heading towards the Earth Most of it will miss our planet but two pieces will probably hit the southern half of the Earth On 17 July a piece four kilometers wide enters the Earth s atmosphere 大 气层 with a massive explosion About half of the piece is destroyed but the remaining part hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound The sea boils and a huge hole is made in the sea bed Huge waves are created and spread outwards from the hole The wall of water a kilometer high rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned 用心 爱心 专心 7 Before the waves reach South America the second piece of the comet lands in Argentina Earthquakes and volcanoes are set off in the Andes Mountains The shock waves move north into California and all around the Pacific Ocean The cities of Los Angeles San Francisco and Tokyo are completely destroyed by earthquakes Millions of people in the southern half of the earth are already dead but the north won t escape for long Because of the explosions the sun is hidden by clouds of dust temperatures around the world fall to ahnost zero Crops are ruined The sun won t be seen again for many years Wars break out as countries fight for food A year later no more than 10 million people remain alive Could it really happen In fact it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth The dinosaurs were on the Earth for over 160 million years Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a piece of object in space The dinosaurs couldn t live through the cold climate that followed and they died out Will we meet the same and 1 What is mainly described in the passage A A historic discovery B An event of imagination C A research on space D A scientific adventure 2 When the first piece hits the South Atlantic it causes A an earthquake B damages to cities C an Earth explosion D huge waves 3 Why can t the northern half of the earth escape for long A Because the land is covered with water B Because the light and heat from the sun can not reach the earth C Because people there can not live at the temperature of zero D Because wars break out among countries 4 By giving the example of dinosaurs the author tries to prove A animals could not live in the cold climate B what happened 65 million years ago was aninvented story C the human beings will die out in 2094 D the Earth could be hit by other objects in space 试题分析试题分析 第 1 题考查考生理解文章主旨要义的能力 这是一篇科幻读物 作者幻想了 2049 年所 发生的彗星撞击南半球的事 连作者自己都发出提问 Could it really happen 可以推断 只是想像而已 所以选 B 第 2 题考查考生阐述主旨事实和相关细节的能力 由文章第二段可知 当 the remaining part hits the South At lanticat 200 times the speed of sound 时 Huge waves are created 所以选项 D 是正确的 第 3 题考查考生能根据所读材料进行判断推理和引申的能力 由原文第三段 Because of the explosions the sun is hidden by clouds of dust The sun won t be seen again for many years 可以推断出 B 项是正确的 用心 爱心 专心 8 第 4 题考查考生领会作者的观点 态度以及文章字里行间的弦外之音的能力 作者以恐 龙在地球上消失这个例子来说明 the Earth could be hit by other objects in space 所 以选 D 6 6 典型例题典型例题 填空题填空题 阅读短文 根据所读内容在文后 1 10 的空格里填上适当的单词或短语 注意 每空不 超过 3 个单词 The population of the United States is growing older Md will continue to do so According to a report 39 million Americans will be 65 or older by the yew 2010 51 million by 2020 and 65 million by 2030 The graying of the United States is mainly due to the fact that people in the U S living longer As a matter of fact the number of U S citizens 85 years old and older is growing six times as fast as the rest of the population It is also largely due to the old growing of the baby boomers the generation born after World War In 1957 over 4 3 million babies were born More than 75 million Americans were born between 1946 and 1964 the largest generation in U S history In less than twenty pears millions of they will become elderly people The graying of the U S will greatly affect the nation s family and workforce One likely development will be a gradual change in the family unit it will move away from the nuclear family and towards a multigenerational family The other likely development will be a change in the proportion 比例 of the nation s workforce In 1989 there were 3 5 workers for every person 65 and older by the year 2030 them will only be 2 workers for every person 65 and older Title 1 2 By 2020By 20302Number of citizens 65 Or older 39 million51 million 65 million 4 3 6 8 multigeneratiomal family 9 to citizens 65 or older 10 By 2030 5 7 3 5 1 2 1 试题分析试题分析 第 1 空填 Graying USA 本文讲述了美国人口老龄化的问题 套用文中 graying 一词最 恰当 第 2 空填 By 2010 与空格后 by 2020 by 2030 成对比应当是 by 2010 第 3 空填 Causes reasons 后者是老龄化的两个原因 一个是民众长寿了 Citizens longer living 一个是二战后生育高峰期时出生的人年龄大了 Baby boomers old growing 第 4 空填 Citizens longer living 同上 用心 爱心 专心 9 第 5 空填 Effects Results 文章以下谈论的是老龄化到来的两个大的影响 一是 Family unit change 一是 Workforce proportion change 前者导致了 Nuclear family 后者导致了 Workers to citizens 65 or older 第 6 空填 Family unit change 同上 第 7 空填 Workforce proportion change 同上 第 8 空填 Nuclear family 同上 第 9 空填 Workers 同上 第 10 空填 In 1989 同上 7 典型例题 Equipped only with a pair of binoculars 双筒望远镜 and ready to spend long hours waiting in all ethers for a precious glance of a rare bullfinch 红腹灰雀 Britain s brid watchers had long been supposed to be lovers of a minority sport But new figures show birdwatching is fast becoming a popular pastime with almost three million of us absorbed in our fluttering feather friends Devoted birdwatchers those prepared to travel thousands of miles for a sighting of a rare Sibrian bird are fast being joined by a new breed of foolower whose interest is satiated by watching a few finches 雀科鸣鸟 on a Sunday walk or putting up a bird box in the back garden Almost three milion UK birdwatchers is certainly possible if you include everyone with only a casual interest Ste phen Moss said in his newly published book A Bird in the Bush a social History of Birdwatching which records the pursuit from the rich Victorian Englishman s love of shooting rare birds to the less of fensive observational tendencies of birdwatchers today Television wildlife programmes have helped to fuel the new trend Last summer BBC 2 s Britiain Goet Wild was a surprise success It pulled in three million viewers and led to birdhouses