英语国家概况ppt课件.ppt

TheUnitedStatesofAmerica Unit8GeographyandPeople 1 Contents 2 3 WatchthemapofU S Acarefullyandfindcluestothefollowingitemslocation borderingneighbors States thesmallest thelargeststate 4 SizeandLocation InthecentralpartofNorthAmerica exceptAlaskaandHawaii CanadaonthenorthMexicoandtheGulfofMexicoonthesouthAtlanticOceanontheeastPacificOceanonthewesttotalarea 9 5millionsquarekilometers 50statesandthefederaldistrictofColumbia theseatoftheFederalGovernment 5 States original48statesAlaskaandHawaii separatedfromthecontinent becamethe49thand50thstatesin1959 AlaskabordersonnorthwesternCanadaHawaiiliesinthecentralPacificOceanAlaska thelargestRhodeIsland thesmallestTexas thelargestonthemainland 6 1 ThreeGeographicDivisions 7 TheEasternPart Theeasternpart thehighlandsformedbytheAppalachianRange 阿巴拉挈亚山脉 onesixthoftheterritoryrelativelylow withanaveragealtitudeof800metersabovesealevel 8 TheWesternPart Highplateaus 高原 andmountains extendingfromCanadathroughthewesternpartoftheUnitedStatestoMexicoandfurthersouth Onethirdofthecountry sterritoryRockymountains 9 TheGreatCentralPlain BetweentheAppalachiansintheeastandtheRockyMountainsinthewest halfofAmerica slandmassonthecontinentstretchfromtheGreatLakesinthenorthtotheGulfofMexicointhesouthdrainedbytheMississippianditstributariesfivegreatlakesandNiagaraFalls 10 LakeErie 11 2 MainGeographicalRegions TheWest 12 NewEngland includingsixstatesinthenortheasterncorner longhistory theEuropeans firstsettlementfeaturedwithmountains valleysandrivers andcitiesandtownswithhistoricsitestop rankinguniversitiesHarvardYaleMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology MIT 13 NewENGLAND 14 TheSouthRegion including13stateswithplentifulrainfallandamildtowarmclimatefavorableclimateforagriculturefastgrowingindustryandpopulationinrecentyearsgreatsizewithfewlargecitiesNewOrleansMiamiMemphisAtlantaBirmingham 15 AmericanSouthernArea 16 TheWesternRegion including11states likeWashington OregonandCalifornia etc Oregon wealthofbeautifulforestsandstreamsCaliforniastrikingnaturalfeatures centralvalley highmountains andhotdrydeserts notablecitiesSanFranciscoLosAngelesSanDiego14percentofAmericangrossdomesticproductpredominantagricultureyieldinghigh techindustrycentre 17 Oregon California 18 Alaska northwesternpartofAmericaAlaska glaciers waterfallsandlakesNativepopulationEskimos halfofallAlaskaNativesIndiansAleutsmainagricultureoutput seafoodindustrialoutputs crudepetroleum naturalgas preciousmetals seafoodprocessing timber andtourism etc 19 Alaska 20 Hawaii eightmajorislandsabout2575kilometreslongsoutheasttonorthwestmildtemperaturechiefproducts canesugar pineapple andflowersanddairyproducts coffeebeans bananas andmacadamianuts touristbusiness largestsourceofincome 21 Hawaii HawaiiDance 22 3 RiverandLakes TheMississippiRiverthelongestandthemostimportantriverinthesystemoftheGulf length 6 262kilometersdrainagearea 3 225 000squarekilometers 23 Knownasthe fatherofwaters toAmericanIndiansAsMarkTwainwasraisedontheriver hismostpopularandimportantwritingsareconcernedwiththisarea TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinntellsthestoryofhowtheboyHuckleberryFinnandhisblackfriendJim arunawayslave saileddowntheMississippionaraft 24 TheMissouriandtheOhiotwoofthelargesttributariesoftheMississippi formanimportantinlandnavigationandirrigationsystem TheHudsonRiverlinkedbycanalswiththefiveGreatLakesflowsthroughthestateofNewYorklength 520kilometers 25 26 TheGreatLakes Themostimportantsystemofinlandwaterwaysintheworld LakeMichigan whollywithintheUnitedStatespartofthenationalboundarybetweentheUnitedStatesandCanadarunsthroughthischainoflakes 27 NiagaraFalls locatedontheU S CanadianborderbetweenLakeErieandLakeOntario 28 Climate MainlytemperatewithsomemildsubtropicalzoneswithonlythesouthernFloridaandHawaiibeingtropical 50centimeterrainfalllineintheeast comparativelymorerain soeasyagriculture inthewest muchlessrain lessthan50cm ayear withtheexceptionofthecoastalareasalongthePacific 29 NaturalResources richinmineralresourcesamongthecountrieswiththegreatestreservesofcoal ironoreandoil aboundsinlead copper zinc aluminum phosphaterock silver andgold onefourthoftheterritory coveredwithforestswhichmainlyconcentrateuponthreeareas theareaalongthenorthwesterncoastofthePacifictheareainthesouththeareainthenorth 30 richinoil oncethelargestoilproducingcountry oilreserve alongthecoastoftheGulfofMexico Texas Louisiana andOklahoma EnergycrisisGulfWarfoughtinearly1991betweenIraqandacoalitionof39countriesorganizedbytheU S mostofwhichrelyonKuwaitandSaudiArabiaasprimarysourceofpetroleum 31 MajorCities WhentalkingaboutAmerica isthereanycitythatyouarefamiliarwith Andwhy Tips NewYork commercialandfinancialcenteroftheUnitedStatesWashingtonD C seatofthefederalgovernmentLosAngles secondlargestcityChicago thewindycitySeattle Philadelphia SanFrancisco etc 32 NewYork Situatedonthreeislands ManhattanIsland LongIslandandStatenIslandatthemouthofHudsonRiver Fiveboroughs Manhattan Brooklyn Bronx RichmondandQueens theheadquarteroftheUnitedNations 33 TimeSquare CentralPark 34 ThestatueoflibertyisahugesculpturelocatedonLibertyIslandinNewYorkHarbor ThismonumentwasagifttotheUSAfromthepeopleofFranceinrecognitionoftheFrench AmericanallianceduringtheAmericanRevolution Theformalnameofthestatueis LibertyEnlighteningtheWorld 35 Itpicturesawomanwhohasescapingthechainsoftyranny thebrokenchainslieatherfeet Liberty srighthandholdsatorchthatisasymbolofliberty LibertywasdesignedbytheFrenchsculptorFredericAugusteBartholdi Thestatuewasre assembledintheUSAandwascompletedonOctober28 1886 ThesevenraysofLiberty scrownsymbolizethesevenseasandsevencontinentsoftheworld Libertyholdsatabletinherlefthandthatreads July4 1776 inRomannumerals IndependenceDayoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica 36 WashingtonD C LocatedonthePotomacRiver governeddirectlybytheFederalgovernment DistrictofColumbia namedafterChristopherColumbuscity namedafterGeorgeWashington thefirstpresidentofU S 37 WashingtonSkyscrapers WorldWarIIMemorial 38 SanFrancisco GoldenGateBridge Centerofoil refining automobiles chemicals commerce finance andshippingindustry Chinatown thelargestChinesesettlementinAmerica 39 LosAngels secondlargestcityintheU S fourtimeslargerthanSanFrancisco importantelectroniccenterknownforthemanufactureoftires automobilesandaircraft centerofatomicresearch 40 Hollywood theheartofworld smotionpicturesindustry 41 TheworldfamousDisneylandattractsmillionsoftouristseveryyear 42 Chicago thewindycity secondmostpopulouscityafterNewYork Foundedintheearly1800s mainconnectionbetweentheeastcoastcitiesandtheWest thelargestindustrialcityinthecountry withhighlydevelopedheavyandlightindustriesthecenterofindustry transportation commerceandfinanceintheMidwestarea alsoaculturecenter 43 SearsTower Chicagobecamehometotheworld stallestbuildingin1973whenthe110 storySearsTowerwastoppedoff TheSearsTowerremainedthetallestbuildingintheworlduntilFebruary13 1996 TheSearsTowercontinuestobethetallestbuildinginNorthAmerica 44 People TheUnitedStatesisthethirdmostpopulousnationintheworld rankingbehindChinaandIndia AccordingtotheU S CensusBureau theresidentpopulationreachedamilestoneonOct 17 2006 hitting300million 45 Population UnevendistributionThemostdenselypopulatedregion thenortheasternpartAboutonequarterofthetotallandarea abouthalfofthetotalpopulation TheGreatPlains acomparativelysmallpopulation TheSouth apopulationofalmost57 5millionpeople TheWest notdenselypopulated 20 ofthepopulationexceptforsomemetropolitancenterslikeLosAngels andSanFrancisco 46 NationofImmigrants RaceandethnicgroupsTheIndiansTheWhiteAnglo SaxonsProtestants WASP TheBlackTheHispanicsTheAsian Americans 47 Indians About10millionIndiansinNorthAmericaWhenColumbusarrived Westwardmovement thedestructionoftheIndians Todayabout2 4millionIndiansAboutone thirdofthemliveonreservations landthatwasset asideforthem Therestlivesincities Povertyandunemploymentaremajorproblems especiallyonthereservations 48 WASPs EuropeandescendantsPilgrimFathersWhiteAnglo SaxonProtestantswhowerelargelyresponsibleforthewinningofAmerica sindependence English officiallanguage 49 TheBlack About8millionblackpeoplewerebroughttoAmericafromAfricaasslavesfrom1620to1820 workonplantationsorlargefarmsoftheSouth poorandsufferfrompovertyTodaytheblackaccountforabout12 ofthepopulationManyofthemliveintheSouthandinthecitiesofNortheastandMidwest 50 CivilRightsMovement Segregationlaws 隔离法 inSouthernstatesintheUSpreventedblackandwhitepeoplefromsittingtogetherinmovietheatres eatinginthesamerestaurants drinkingfromthesamewaterfountain etc AlthoughthesearenotAmendment 补充法案 totheUSConstitution theUSgovernmentwouldnotdeclaretheSouthernlawsunconstitutionaluntiltherewerecasesbroughtinthefederalcourts Thecivilrightsmovementsbeganwhenblackpeoplespontaneouslyprotestedsegregationlawsandcreatedorganizationstomaketheprotestssuccessful 51 MartinLutherKing MartinLutherKingwasablackminister whowasagreatpoliticalandreligiousleaderofthenon violentcivilrightsmovementin1950s 52 OnAugust28 1963 heledover250 000AmericansonamarchinWashingtonD C tofightfortheCivilRightsLawtoguaranteeequalityforallpeople anddeliveredhisbest knownspeech IHaveaDream beforetheLincolnMemorial ThushewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforpeacein1964 Buthewastragicallymurderedfouryearslater ByvoteofCongressin1968 thethirdMondayofeveryJanuaryisnowafederalholidayinMartinLutherKing shonor 53 IHaveaDream Ihaveadreamthatonedaythisnationwillriseupandliveoutthetruemeaningofitscreed Weholdthesetruthstobeself evidentthatallmenarecreatedequal IhaveadreamthatonedayontheredhillsofGeorgiathesonsofformerslavesandthesonsofformerslaveownerswillbeabletositdowntogetheratthetableofbrotherhood IhaveadreamthatonedayeventhestateofMississippi astateswelteringwiththeheatofinjustice swelteringwiththeheatofoppression willbetransformedintoanoasisoffreedomandjustice Ihaveadreamthatmyfourlittlechildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskinbutbythecontentoftheircharacter Ihaveadreamtoday Ihaveadreamthatoneday downinAlabama withitsviciousracists withitsgovernorhavinghislipsdrippingwiththewordsofinterpositionandnullification onedayrightdowninAlabamalittleblackboysandblackgirlswillbeabletojoinhandswithlittlewhiteboysandwhitegirlsassistersandbrothers Ihaveadreamtoday Ihaveadreamthatonedayeveryvalleyshallbeexalted andeveryhillandmountainshallbemadelow theroughplaceswillbemadeplain andthecrookedplaceswillbemadestraight andthegloryoftheLordshallberevealedandallfleshshallseeittogether 54 Hispanics theSpanish speakingpopulationoftheUnitedStates ThreemajorHispanicgroups 55 PuertoRicansTheislandofPuertoRicohasbeenanAmericanpossessionsincetheSpanish Americanwarof1899andPuertoRicanshavebeenAmericancitizenssince1917 BetterjobopportunitiesintheU S havedrawnalargenumberofPuertoRicanstotheU S themajorityofwhomhavesettledinthelargecitiesintheeasternseaboard 56 CubanAmericansTheCuban AmericanswhogotawayfromCubaaftertheCubanRevolutionin1959andarenowgatheredintheMiamiarea Ingeneral theCuban Americanshavedonethebesteconomically TheyleftCubaintheearly60sand overthepast40years theyhavecreatedaprosperous littleCuba intheMiamiarea 57 Asianimmigrants Chinese AmongtheAsianimmigrants theChinesewerethefirstAsianstocometotheUnitedStates Beginningin1847 whenyoungmalepeasantscametoworkinAmericainmines onrailroads andinagriculturalfields theChinesegraduallyranintoeconomicandculturalfearsofthewhitemajority Facingthis theChinesedidnottrytoassimilatebutinsteadgravitatedto Chinatowns Audio 58 Discriminatoryimmigrationandnaturalizationretractions imposedbeginningin1882 werenotremoveduntiltheendofWorldWarII SincethattimetheChinesehasmovedintothemainstreamofAmericansociety andt