PETS-5模拟试卷5.doc

PETS第五级全真模拟试卷（5）Section Use of English( 15 minutes)Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word.Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Children who grip their pens too close to the writing point are likely to be at a disadvantage in examinations,_ (31) to the first serious investigation into the way in which writing technique can dramatically affect edu-cational achievement.The survey of 643 children and adults, ranking from pre-school to 40-plus, also suggests _(32) pen-holding techniques have detedorated sharply over one generation, with teachers now paying far _( 33 ) atten-tion to correct pen grip and handwriting style.Stephanie Thomas, a learning support teacher_ (34) findings have been published, was inspired to in-vestigate this area _(35) he noticed that those students who had the most trouble with spelling_ (36) had a poor pen grip. While Mr. Thomas could not establish a significant statistical link_ (37) pen-holding style and accuracy in spelling, he_ (38) find huge differences in technique be-tween the young children and the mature adults, and a defmite _(39) between near-point gripping and slow, illegible writing.People who_ (40) their pens at the writing point also show other characteristics_ (41) inhibit learning, _(42) as poor posture, leaning too _(43) to the desk, using four fingers to grip the pen _(44) than three, and clumsy positioning of the thumb (which can obscure _(45) is being written).Mr. Thomas believes that the _(46) between elder and younger writers is _( 47 ) too dramatic to be accounted for simply by the possibility that people get better at writing as they grow _(48) . He attrib-utes it to a failure to teach the most effective methods, pointing out that the differences between _(49) groups coincides with the abandonment of formal handwriting instruction in classrooms in the sixties. The 30-year-old showed a huge diversity of grips,_ (50)the over 40s group all had a uniform tripod grip. Section Reading Comprehension( 50 minutes)Part A：Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Text 1In a three-month period last year, two Brooklynites had to be cut out of their apartments and carried to hospital on stretchers designed for transporting small whales. The National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance(NAAFA)argues that it was not their combined 900kg bulk that made them ill. Obesity, according to NAAFA, is not bad for you. And, even if it was, there is nothing to be done about it, because genes dictate weight. Attempting to eat less merely slows metabolism, having people as chubby as ever.This is the fadash movement that causes America s slimming industry so much pain. In his book Bin Fat Lies(Ballantine, 1996), Glenn Gaesser says that no study yet has convincingly shown that weight is an independent cause of health problems. Fatness does not kill people; things like hypertension, coronary heart diseases and cancer do. Mi-chael Fnmento, author of The Fat of the Land (Viking, 1997), an anti-fatlash diatribe, compares Dr Gaessers logic with saying that the guillotine did not kill Louis XVI: Rather, it was the severing of his vertebrae, the cutting of all the blood vessels in his neck, and., the trauma caused by his head dropping several feet into a wicker basket.Being fat kills in several ways. It makes people far more likely to suffer from heart disease or high blood pres-sure. Even moderate obesity increases the chance of contracting diabetes. Being 40% overweight makes people 30% - 50% more likely to die of cancer, according to the American Cancer Society. Extreme fatness makes patients so much less likely to survive surgery that many doctors refuse to operate until they slim.The idea that being overweight is caused by obesity genes is not wholly false: researchers have found a number of genes that appear to make some people burn off energy at a slower rate. But genes are not destiny. The difference between someone with a genetic predisposition to gain weight and someone without appears to be roughly 40 calori-es-or a spoonful of mayonnaise-a day.An alternative fatlash argument, advanced in books such as Dean Onrush s Eat More, Weight Less ( Harper Collies, 1993 ) and Date Atrens s Don t Diet ( William Morrow, 1978), is that fatness is not a matter of eating too much. They note that as Americans weight has ballooned over the last few decades, their reported caloric intake has plunged. This simply explains people s own recollection of how much they eat is extremely unreliable. And as they grow fatter, people feel guilty and are more likely to fib about how much they eat. All reputable studies show that eating less and exercising reduce weight.Certainly, the body s metabolism slows a little when you lose weight, because it takes less energy to carry less bulk around, and because dieting can make the body fear it is about to starve. But a sensible low-fat diet makes weight loss possible. The fatlash movement is dangerous, because slimmers will often find any excuse to give up.To tell people that it is healthy to be obese is to encourage them to live sick and die young.51. The two Brooklynites in the first paragraph were _A members of the NAAFA B typical victims of overweight C members of the fatlash movement D proof that the fatlash movement is gaining strength52. The National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance holds that _A fat people should try to lose weight B eating less is harmful to people s healthC fat people were horn that way D obesity is good for people53. What can be concluded according to the authors view of the obesity genes?A People with a genetic inclination to gain weight Can slim. B People who are horn fat will remain that way all life. C All efforts to lose weight will prove fruitless. D Fat people can live a very happy life, too.54. The word fib in the fourth sentence of Paragraph 5, probably means _ A to tell the truth B to reduce C to increase D to tell a small lie55. Which of the following statements is true? A Americans caloric intake has dropped over the last few decades. B Many people who try to lose weight give up half way. C Americans are always aware of how much they eat. D Obesity does no harm to people s health.Text 2The issue of online privacy in the Internet age found new urgency following the Sept. ll terrorist attacks, sparking debate over striking the correct balance between protecting civil liberties and attempting to prevent another tragic terrorist act. While preventing terrorism certainly is of paramount importance, privacy rights should not be deemed irrelevant.In response to the attacks, Congress quickly passed legislation that included provisions expanding rights of investi-gators to intercept wire, oral and electronic communications of alleged hackers and terrorists. Civil liberties groups ex-pressed concerns over the provisions and urged caution in ensuring that efforts to protect our nation do not result in broad government authority to erode privacy rights of U. S. citizens. Nevertheless, causing further concern to civil liberties groups, the Department of Justice proposed exceptions to the attorney-client privilege. On Oct. 30, Attorney General John Ashcroft approved an interim agency rule that would permit federal prison authorities to monitor wire and electronic communications between lawyers and their clients in federal custody, including those who have been de-tained but not charged with any crime, whenever surveillance is deemed necessary to prevent violence or terrorism.In light of this broadening effort to reach into communications that were previously believed to be off-limits,the issue of online privacy is now an even more pressing concern. Congress has taken some legislative steps toward en-suring online privacy, including the Children s Online Privacy Protection Act, and provided privacy protections for certain sectors through legislation such as the Financial Services Modernization Act. The legislation passed to date does not, however, provide a statutory scheme for protecting general online consumer privacy. Lacking definitive federal law, some states passed their own measures. But much of this legislation is incomplete or not enforced. Moreover, it becomes unworkable when states create different privacy standards; the Intemet does not know geographic boundaries,and companies and individuals cannot be expected to comply with differing, and at times conflicting, privacy rules.An analysis earlier this year of 751 U. S. and international Web sites conducted by Consumers International found that most sites collect personal information but fail to tell consumers how that data will be used, how security is maintained and what fights consumers have over their own information. At a minimum, Congress should pass legislation requiring Web sites to display privacy policies prominently, in-form consumers of the methods employed to collect client data, allow customers to opt out of such data collection,and provide customer access to their own data that has already been collected. Although various Intemet privacy bills were introduced in the 107th Congress, the focus shifted to expanding government surveillance in the wake of the ter-rorist attacks. Plainly, government efforts to prevent terrorism are appropriate. Exactly how these exigent circum-stances change the nature of the online privacy debate is stiff to be seen.56. Concerning the protection of privacy and increased surveillance of communication, the author seems to insist on A the priority of the former action B the execution of the latter at the expense of the formerC tightening both policies at the same time D a balance between the two actions57. The author implies in the second paragraph that _ A the proposal of the Department of Justice is unjustified B surveillance of any suspect communication is necessary C civil liberties groups should not have shown such great concern D exceptions should be made in intercepting communications58. In the eyes of the author, the Financial Service Modernization Act _ A serves no more than as a new patch on an old robe B indicates the Congress s admirable move to protect privacy C invades online consumer privacy rather than protect it D is deficient in that it leaves many sectors unshielded59. Privacy standards made by individual states are ineffective because _ A the standards of different states contradict each other B online communication is not restricted to any state C these standards ignore the federai law on the matter D these standards are only applicable to regional Web sites60. The expression opt out of such data collection ( in the last paragraph) probably means _ A pick out from such data the information one needs B shift through such data to collect one s own information C evaluate the purpose for such data collection D choose not to be involved in such data collectioText 3The man behind this notion, Jack Maple, is a dandy who affects dark glasses, homburgs(翘边帽)and two-toe shoes;yet he has become something of a legend in Americas police departments. For some years, starting in New York and moving on to high-crime spots such as New Orleans and Philadelphia, he and his business partner, John Linder have marketed a two-tier system for cutting crime. First, police departments have to sort themselves out: root out corruption, streamline their bureaucracy, and make more contact with the public. Second, they have to adopt a computer system called Comstat which helps them to analyze statistics of all major crimes. These are constantly keyed into the computer, which then displays where and when they have occurred on a color-coded map, enabling the police to monitor crime trends as they happen and to spot high-crime areas. In New York, Comstats statistical maps are analyzed each week at a meeting of the citys police chief and precinct captains.Messrs Maple and Linder ( specialists in crime-reduction services ) have no doubt that their system is a main contributor to the drop in crime. When they introduced it in New Orleans in January 1997, violent crime dropped by22% in a year;when they merely started working informally with the police department in Newark, New Jersey, vi-olent crime fell by 13%. Police departments are now lining up to pay as much as $50, 000 a month for these two men to put them straight.Probably all these new policies and bits of technical wizardry, added together, have made a big difference to crime. But there remain anomalies that cannot be explained, such as the fact that crime in Washington D. C. , has fallen as fast as anywhere, although the police department has been corrupt and hopeless and, in large stretches of the city, neither police nor residents seem disposed to fight the criminals in their midst.The more important reason for the fall in crime rates, many say, is a much less sophisticated one. It is a fact that crime rates have dropped as the imprisonment rate soared. In 1997 the national incarceration rate, at 645 per 100,000 people was more than double the rate in 1985, and the number of inmates in city and county jails rose by 9.4%, almost double its annual average increase since 1990. Surely some criminologists argue, one set of figures is the cause of the other. It is precise because more people are being sent to prison, they claim that crime rates are falling.A 1993 study by the National Academy of Sciences actualiy concluded that the tripling of the prison population be-tween 1975 and 1989 had lowered violent crime by 10-15%.Yet cause and effect may not be so obviously linked. To begin with, the sale and possession of drugs are not counted by the FBI in its crime index, which is limited to violent crimes and crimes against property. Yet drug of-fences account for more than a third of the recent increase in the number of those jailed; since 1980, the incarceration rate for drug arrests has increased by 1,000%. And although about three-quarters of those going to prison for drugoffences have committed other crimes as well, there is not yet a crystal-clear connection between filling the jails withdrug-pushers and a decline in the rate of violent crime. Again, though national figures are suggestive, local ones di-verge: the placer where crime has dropped most sharply( such as New York City)are not always the places where in-carceration has risen fastest.61. Jack Maple started his career in _ A Philadelphia B Oregon C New Orleans D New York62. According to,Jack Maple, to cut crime _ A the,heads of police department should make more contact with the criminals B the government should educate the residents more Ca computer system called Comstat should be adopted by the policeD tbe criminals should be severely punished63. ln New Yerk_. A violent crime dropped by 23% in one year B police departments pay as much as $ 50, 000 for Jack Maple C the crime rate is high D Comstats statistical maps are analyzed every week64. The meaning of the word anomalies in the second line of 4th paragraph is _ A something strange B enjoyable things C anormally D comparison65. It can be inferred from the passage that _ A the drop of crime rote is caused by Jack Mapless two-tier system B the drop of crime rate is caused by the increased imprisonment C it is difficult to identify the exact cause for the fall of crime rate D the increased imprisonment is not the reason for the fall of crime ratePart B：In the following article some paragraphs have been removed. For Questions 66 70, choose the most suitable paragraph from the list A F to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There is one paragraph which does not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on SHEET 1.Does the publisher of Douglas Starrs excellent Blood-An Epic History of Medicine and Commerce actually ex-pect to sell many copies? Whoever chose the title is certain to scare off the squeamish, and the subtitle, which makes the effort sound like a dry, dense survey text, has really done this book a disservice. In fact, the brave and curious -will enjoy a brightly written, intriguing, and disquieting book, with some important lessons for public health.66_The book begins with a historical view on centuries of lore about blood-in particular, the belief that blood car-ried the evil humors of disease and required occasional draining. As recently as the Revolutionary War, Bloodletting was widely applied to treat fevers. The idea of using one persons blood to heal another is only about 75 years old-although rogue scientists had experimented with transfusing animal blood at least as early as the 1600s. The first transfusion experiments involved stitching a donors vein (in early cases the physicians) to a patients vein.67_Sabotaged by notions about the purityof their groups blood, Japan and Germany lagged well behind the Al-lies in transfusion science. Once they realized they were losing injured troops the Allies had learned to save, they tried to catch up, conducting horrible and unproductive experiments such as draining blood from POWs and injecting them with horse blood or polymers.68_During the early to mid-1980s,